英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 a, hi, hich, hij, I, ic, ich, ichc, ichs, ick, ig, ih, ik, j, jch, y, from 古期英語 ic, ich, ih, ᛁᚳ (ic), ᛁᚴ (ik, “I”), from Proto-West Germanic *ik (“I”), from Proto-Germanic *ek, *eka, *ik (“I”), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm (“I”).

Capitalized since the 13th century to mark it as a distinct word and prevent misreading and omission (due to cursive writing).

別の表記

• ich (obsolete)

代名詞

I (first person singular subject personal pronoun, objective me, possessive my, possessive pronoun mine, reflexive myself)

1. The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical subject, of a sentence.

   I drove my sister and myself to school.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 414:

     […] It ill beſeemes a knight of gentle ſort, / Such as ye haue him boaſted, to beguyle / A ſimple maide, and worke ſo hainous tort, / In ſhame of knighthood, as I largely can report.

   • 1854, Gustave Chouquet, Easy Conversations in French‎, page 9:

     Here I am, sir.

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     I know I have a pen, though…

2. (nonstandard) The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical object, of a sentence.

   Mom drove my sister and I to school.

   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Sweet Baſſanio, My ſhips haue all miſcarried, my Creditors grow cruell, my eſtate is very low: my bond to the Iew is forfet, and ſince in paying it, it is impoſſible I ſhould liue, all debts are cleered betweene you and I if I might but ſee you at my death.

   • 1980, Bob Marley, Redemption Song

     Old pirates, yes, they rob I
     Sold I to the merchant ships
     Minutes after they took I
     From the bottomless pit.

   • 2014, “The Devil in I”, in .5: The Gray Chapter, performed by Slipknot:

     Step inside, see the Devil in I
     You'll realize I'm not your Devil anymore

使用する際の注意点

• The word I is always capitalised in written English. Other forms of the pronoun, such as me and my, follow regular English capitalisation rules.
• I is the subject (nominative) form, as opposed to me, which is the objective (accusative and dative) form. Me is also used emphatically, like French moi. In some cases there are differing views about which is preferred. For example, the traditional rule followed by some speakers is to use I as the complement of the copula (It is I), but it is now more usual to choose me in this context (It's me).
• When used in lists, it is often thought better to refer to oneself last. Thus it is more natural to say John and I than I and John. In such lists, the traditional rule is to use the same case form one would choose if there were only one pronoun. Thus, since we say I am happy, we say John and I are happy, but since we say Jenny saw me, so we say Jenny saw John and me. However, one frequently hears John and me are happy, which is traditionally seen as a case error. Similarly, probably as a hypercorrected reaction to this, one can occasionally hear phrases like Jenny saw John and I.

同意語

• ich, ch
• my ass, m'ass (vulgar slang)
• muggins, yours truly
• Ah (phonetic spelling, African-American Vernacular English)

派生語

参考

名詞

I (countable and uncountable, plural I's)

1. (metaphysics) The ego.

   Synonym: me

   • a. 1733, Thomas Boston, edited by [Thomas Boston the younger], Sermons and Discourses on Several Important Subjects in Divinity. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] William Gray, […], published 1753, page 333:

     They are called men, becauſe each of them poſſeſſeth the whole man, though not wholly. There are by their means two I’s in every believer, Rom. vii. 15. For that which I do, I allow not: for what I would, that do I not; but what I hate, that do I. There is not one part of the man that is in Chriſt, but grace has a part of it, and corruption has a part of it: as in the twilight there is light over all, and darkneſs over all too, the darkneſs being mixed in every part with the light. So my renewed part is I, a man having an underſtanding enlightened, a will renewed, affections ſpiritualized, uſing my body conform: but my unrenewed part is I too, having an underſtanding darkened, a will rebellious, affections corrupted, and uſing my body accordingly.

   • 1873, Henry Ward Beecher, “Paul”, in The Great Bible Renowns, page 45:

     In other words, he said: “I have two natures. I have a flesh nature, an outside nature, and that keeps sinning; and then I have another nature—an inside, a spiritual nature—and that does not like sinning; and with my heart-power, my conscience-power, my love-power, with the power of the divine element that is in me, I look and see what this body outside, which clothes me, is trying to do. And here are two I’s that are fighting. The inside I is arrayed against the outside I; and the outside has the advantage.”

   • 1916, S. A. Steel, “Down the James Long Ago—I”, in Christian Advocate, volume 77, page 1094, column 1:

     Am I a double personality? Are there two “I’s” in my anatomy—one a conscious “I,” giving attention to what I am doing, and another unconscious “I,” giving attention to something entirely different?

   • 1962, Arthur Osborne, editor, The Teachings of Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi in His Own Words, London: Rider & Company, published 1975, page 122:

     B. (smiling): Have you come to examine me? You must say who you are. / D.: However much I may try, I do not seem to catch the ‘I’. It is not even clearly discernible. / B.: Who is it that says that the ‘I’ is not discernible? Are there two ‘I’s in you, that one is not discernible to the other?

   • 2011, Michael Gluckman, Making Your Wisdom Come Alive: A Guide to the Source of Your Wisdom and Joy, Light Up Your Life, →ISBN:

     Who is it that says that ‘I’ is not perceptible? Is there an ignorant ‘I’ and an elusive ‘I’? Are there two ‘I’s in the same person? It is the mind that says that ‘I’ is not perceptible. Where is that mind from? Know the mind. You will find it a myth. / We all feel that there is only one I; not two, one ignorant of the other.

   • 2012, “Demiurge”, in Mårten Hagström (lyrics), Koloss, performed by Meshuggah, track 9:

     Sucking vomit, acting like its honey
     Deprived of I
     Falling while thrusting squares through circles
     Serving one single new dimension

派生語

• I-hood
• I-ness
• I-ship

語源 2

Old French i, from Latin ī, from Etruscan I (i).

文字

I (upper case, lower case i, plural Is or I's)

1. The ninth letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

派生語

• I-beam

参考

• (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

数

I (upper case, lower case i, plural Is or I's)

1. The ninth numeral symbol of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

語源 3

Abbreviation.

名詞

I (countable and uncountable, plural Is)

1. (US, roadway) Abbreviation of interstate.

   I-95 begins at Houlton, Maine and terminates at Miami, Florida, connecting numerous major cities in the East Coast.

   • 2024 May 17, Orko Manna, “Toll lane project on Interstate 80 between West Sacramento and Davis gets green light”, in KCRA‎, archived from the original on 12 March 2025:

     Drivers like the idea of increasing traffic flow and reducing congestion on the portion of I-80 between Davis and West Sacramento.

2. (grammar) Abbreviation of instrumental case.
3. (computing) Abbreviation of instruction.
4. (US politics) Abbreviation of independent.

語源 4

間投詞

I

1. Obsolete spelling of aye.

参照

• “I”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “I”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• "I" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.

語源

From 古期英語 iċ, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, Proto-Germanic *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm. More at English I.

The loss of /t͡ʃ/ at first occurs in unstressed positions when the following word begins with a consonant. The pronunciation /iː/ results from restressing the unstressed pronunciation.

発音

• IPA: /iː/
• (unstressed) IPA: /i/

代名詞

I (accusative me, genitive min, genitive determiner mi, min)

1. I (first-person singular subject pronoun)
   • c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 36-37; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 29 May 2019:

     Stille þou be peter. Wel i þe icnowe. / þou wolt fur ſake me þrien . ar þe coc him crowe.

     "Quiet now, Peter. I know you well; / You'll forsake me three times when the cock crows."

   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Joon 15:19, folio 51, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     If ȝe hadden be of þe woꝛld .· þe woꝛld ſchulde loue þat þing þat was his / but foꝛ ȝe ben not of þe woꝛld · but I chees ȝou fro þe woꝛld .· þerfoꝛ þe woꝛld hatiþ ȝou

     If you had been of the world, the world would love that which is its [own]; so the world hates you, because you aren't of the world. Instead I picked you from the world.

使用する際の注意点

• Capitalized since 13th century to mark it as a distinct word and prevent misreading.

派生した語

• English: I, ik (obsolete), ich (obsolete)
• Geordie: aw
• Scots: A, I, ik (rare)
• Yola: ich

参考

参照

• “ich, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 5 April 2018.

使用する際の注意点

• Historical Latin texts did not distinguish the consonantal and vocalic readings of this letter orthographically. In modern texts and editions of older texts, the vowels are typically written ⟨I⟩ and ⟨Ī⟩ to distinguish them, and /j/ is sometimes written ⟨j⟩. For example, iūdex may be spelled jūdex.

略号

I

1. A digit 1 (ūnus) in the decimal Roman numeral system. Originally a tally mark. It is iterated for multiples.

派生語

参考

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, V v, X x, Y y, Z z

発音

• enPR: ē, IPA: /iː/

接尾辞

-i

1. Used to form adjectives, nouns, demonyms (describing people of a particular city, region or country) or genonyms (describing people of a particular tribe, clan or family) and the language spoken by these people.

   ‎Hindustan + ‎-i → ‎Hindustani

   ‎Hind + ‎-i → ‎Hindi

   ‎Iran + ‎-i → ‎Irani

   ‎Iraq + ‎-i → ‎Iraqi

   ‎Israel + ‎-i → ‎Israeli

   ‎Awadh + ‎-i → ‎Awadhi

   ‎Kannauj + ‎-i → ‎Kannauji

   ‎Pakistan + ‎-i → ‎Pakistani

   ‎Pak + ‎-i → ‎Paki

   ‎Afghan + ‎-i → ‎Afghani

   ‎Bihar + ‎-i → ‎Bihari

   ‎Bengal + ‎-i → ‎Bengali

   ‎Punjab + ‎-i → ‎Punjabi

   ‎Chenab + ‎-i → ‎Chenabi

   ‎Kashmir + ‎-i → ‎Kashmiri

   ‎Sindh + ‎-i → ‎Sindhi

   ‎Rajasthan + ‎-i → ‎Rajasthani

   ‎Marwar + ‎-i → ‎Marwari

   ‎Gujarat + ‎-i → ‎Gujarati

   ‎Nepal + ‎-i → ‎Nepali

   ‎Kabul + ‎-i → ‎Kabuli

   ‎Baghdad + ‎-i → ‎Baghdadi

   • 2025 July 24, Mubasher Sharief Pathan, “Chenab Valley United”, in Precious Kashmir‎, archived from the original on 29 August 2025:

     According to Collins Dictionary and Wiktionary, the term was coined in 2017 by journalist Anzer Ayoob, the term Chenabi is derived from the Chenab River, with the suffix “-i”, commonly used to denote belonging.

参考

• -er
• -stan

参照

• OED, s.v. "-i, suffix".

語源 2

From Latin -ī (nominative plural).

発音

• enPR: ī, IPA: /aɪ/ (traditional English)
• enPR: ē, IPA: /iː/ (rare; imitation of the original Latin or of Italian)

接尾辞

-i

1. Forms an alternative plural ending for various words borrowed from Latin that end in ⟨us⟩ in the singular.

   ‎focus + ‎-i → ‎foci

   ‎radius + ‎-i → ‎radii

   1. (nonstandard, sometimes proscribed) Forms an alternative plural ending for various words that end in ⟨us⟩ in the singular, despite not being borrowed from Latin.

      ‎platypus + ‎-i → ‎platypi

      ‎amogus + ‎-i → ‎amogi

使用する際の注意点

• Prescriptively speaking, the ending is only applicable to words that were second-declension masculine nouns in Latin, such as the above examples. Descriptively speaking, the ending is often extended to other words like octopus (a third-declension noun in Latin with plural octopodes, not *octopi) and ignoramus (a verb in Latin, not a noun).
• The ending traditionally “softens” preceding /k ɡ/ to /s d͡ʒ/, but non-softened pronunciations are also found today. Cf. loci /ˈləʊsaɪ/~/ˈləʊkaɪ/ and fungi /ˈfʌnd͡ʒaɪ/~/ˈfʌŋɡaɪ/.

参照

• OED, s.v. "-i, suffix".

語源 3

From Italian -i (masculine plural), from Latin -ī (see etymology 2).

発音

• enPR: ē, IPA: /iː/

接尾辞

-i

1. Forms an alternative plural ending for words borrowed from Italian that end in ⟨o⟩ or ⟨e⟩ in the singular.

   ‎concerto + ‎-i → ‎concerti

   ‎calzone + ‎-i → ‎calzoni

語源 4

Variant of -ie or -y.

発音

• enPR: ē, IPA: /iː/

接尾辞

-i

1. Used to form diminutives of given names.

   Becki, Benji, Jimmi, Lexi, Nicki, Sammi, Sandi, Trini, Vicki

接尾辞

-i

1. alternative form of -ien (infinitival suffix)

語源 2

接尾辞

-i

1. alternative form of -y

語源 3

接尾辞

-i

1. alternative form of -yf

語源 1

From Proto-Italic *-ai, from unknown origin.

接尾辞

-ī

1. Used for the first person present perfect singular form of any regular verb.

語源 2

Unknown. Compare Proto-Celtic *-ī (genitive singular ending). Displaced Proto-Italic -osjo (See Proto-Italic *-os.), which was descended from Proto-Indo-European -osyo. (See Proto-Indo-European *-os.)

接尾辞

-ī

1. genitive/locative singular of -us for second-declension nouns.
2. genitive masculine/neuter singular of -us for first/second-declension adjectives.
3. (uncommon) genitive feminine singular of -us for first/second-declension adjectives.

語源 3

From the pronominal declension. Displaced -es except in the third declension.

接尾辞

-ī

1. nominative/vocative plural of -us for most second-declension nouns.
2. nominative/vocative masculine plural of -us for first/second-declension adjectives.

語源 4

名詞

-ī

1. dative/ablative singular of -ēs

語源 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

接尾辞

-ī

1. dative singular of -s
2. ablative neuter singular of -s

参照

接合辞

-i-

1. (in coining neologisms) A vowel inserted interconsonantally between morphemes of Latinate origin in order to ease pronunciation (an anaptyxis, a linking vowel).

派生語

参考

• -e-
• -o-
• -u-

参照

• The Concise Oxford English Dictionary [Eleventh Edition] lists -i- as an entry.

語源 2

The initial vowel of primate.

接合辞

-i-

1. (pharmacology) A monoclonal antibody derived from a non-human primate source.

関連する語

• -mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies. (See that entry for full paradigm.)

参照

• USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names, U.S. Pharmacopeia, 2000

語源 3

A word-internal spelling variant of a word-final y.

接尾辞

-i-

1. A spelling variant of a word-final -y vowel when followed by a suffix that does not begin with an i, for example -ied, -ier, -iest.

   happiness (happy +‎ -ness)

   penniless (penny +‎ -less)

   beautiful (beauty +‎ -ful)

2. In compound words, a spelling variant of a final or suffixed -y vowel in the first word.

   pantiliner (panty +‎ liner)

   dutibound (duty +‎ bound)

使用する際の注意点

• This convention applies to any final y vowel, not just to the suffix -y. It does not apply to digraph vowels ending in y and followed by a suffix -s, for example lay → lays (cf. laid, lain), nor to a single-letter y vowel before a suffix such as -ing that begin with an i, for example spying (cf. spies, spied). There is no pattern predicting when the spelling change happens; for example, penniless is far more common than pennyless, but babiless is very rare.

接合辞

-i-

1. Connecting vowel inserted between a stem and a suffix or other appended words in compound words.

派生語

名詞

I$ (uncountable)

1. (computing) Short for instruction cache.

派生語

代名詞

i'

1. (colloquial) Contraction of it.