chopとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English choppen, chappen (“to chop”), of uncertain origin, possibly an onomatopoeia. Cognate with Scots chap (“to chop”). Compare Saterland Frisian kappe, kapje (“to hack; chop; lop off”), Dutch kappen (“to chop, cut, hew”), German Low German kappen (“to cut off; clip”), German kappen (“to cut; clip”), German dialectal chapfen, kchapfen (“to chop into small pieces”), Danish kappe (“to cut, lop off, poll”), Swedish kapa (“to cut”), Albanian copë (“piece, chunk”), 古期英語 *ċippian (in forċippian (“to cut off”)). Perhaps related to chip.

名詞

chop (複数形 chops)

Chopping garlic

2. A cut of meat, often containing a section of a rib.

   I only like lamb chops with mint jelly.

   • 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, Sydney: Ure Smith, published 1962, page 18:

     Of the two fried chops served him for breakfast he ate one and gave Edmund the other, and put a buttered sandwich of bread in his pocket against the accidents of travel.

   • 1957, J. D. Salinger, "Zooey", in, 1961, Franny and Zooey:

     I was standing at the meat counter, waiting for some rib lamb chops to be cut.

3. A blow with an axe, cleaver, or similar utensil.

   It should take just one good chop to fell the sapling.

4. (martial arts) A blow delivered with the hand rigid and outstretched.

   A karate chop.

5. Ocean waves, generally caused by wind, distinguished from swell by being smaller and not lasting as long.
6. (poker) A hand where two or more players have an equal-valued hand, resulting in the chips being shared equally between them.

   With both players having an ace-high straight, the pot was a chop.

7. (informal, with "the") Termination, especially from employment; the sack.
8. (Australia, New Zealand) A woodchopping competition.
   • 1924 October 6, The Examiner, page 2, column 6:

     E, C. McsEnulty, who won the chop at the show on Thursday, cut through a foot lying block in 34 seconds[.]

9. (dated) A crack or cleft; a chap.

引用

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:chop.

同意語

• (dismissal, especially from employment (informal)): axe, pink slip, sack

派生した語

• → Japanese: チョップ

動詞

chop (三人称単数 現在形 chops, 現在分詞 chopping, 過去形および過去分詞形 chopped)

1. (transitive) To cut into pieces with short, vigorous cutting motions.

   chop wood; chop an onion

2. (transitive) To sever with an axe or similar implement.

   Chop off his head.

3. (transitive) to give a downward cutting blow or movement, typically with the side of the hand.
4. (transitive, baseball) To hit the ball downward so that it takes a high bounce.
5. (poker) To divide the pot (または tournament prize) between two or more players. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
6. (intransitive) To make a quick, heavy stroke or a series of strokes, with or as with an ax.
7. (intransitive) To do something suddenly with an unexpected motion; to catch or attempt to seize.
   • 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “ (please specify the fable number.) (please specify the name of the fable.)”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], OCLC 228727523:

     Out of a Greediness to get both, he Chops at the Shadow, and Loses the Substance.

8. (intransitive) To interrupt; with in or out.
   • 1550, Hugh Latimer, Sermon Preached before King Edward

     This fellow […] interrupted the sermon, even suddenly chopping in.

9. (computing, transitive, Perl) To remove the final character from (a text string).

   Coordinate term: chomp

派生語

語源 2

Of uncertain origin, perhaps a variant of chap (“cheap”). Compare Middle English copen (“to buy”), Dutch kopen (“to buy”).

動詞

chop (三人称単数 現在形 chops, 現在分詞 chopping, 過去形および過去分詞形 chopped)

1. (obsolete) To exchange, to barter; to swap.
   • 1644, John Milton, Areopagitica:

     this is not to put down Prelaty, this is but to chop an Episcopacy; this is but to translate the Palace Metropolitan from one kind of dominion into another, this is but an old canonicall sleight of commuting our penance.

2. To chap or crack.
3. (nautical) To vary or shift suddenly.

   The wind chops about.

4. (obsolete) To twist words.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Judicature”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, OCLC 863521290:

     Let not the counsel at the bar chop with the judge.