scudとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

First attested in 1530, of unknown origin but perhaps from 中期英語 scut (“rabbit, rabbit's tail”) or from Middle Dutch schudden (“to shake”), ultimately of Scandinavian origin.

発音

• IPA: /skʌd/
• 韻: -ʌd

形容詞

scud (comparative more scud, superlative most scud)

1. (slang, Scotland) Naked.

動詞

scud (third-person singular simple present scuds, present participle scudding, simple past and past participle scudded)

1. (intransitive) To race along swiftly (especially used of clouds).

   clouds scudding across the sky

   • 1799, William Wordsworth, The Two-Part Prelude, Book I:

     When scudding on from snare to snare I plied
     My anxious visitation, hurrying on,
     Still hurrying hurrying onward ...

   • 1807, “Cadyow Castle”, in The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, volume 4, Walter Scott:

     From the thick copse the roebucks bound,
     The startled red-deer scuds the plain […]

   • 1844, Benjamin Disraeli, chapter XVI, in Coningsby, or the New Generation:

     The wind was high; the vast white clouds scudded over the blue heaven […]

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     I saw a rhinoceros, buffalo (a large herd), eland, quagga, and sable antelope, the most beautiful of all the bucks, not to mention many smaller varieties of game, and three ostriches which scudded away at our approach like white drift before a gale.

   • 1920, Peter B. Kyne, chapter II, in The Understanding Heart:

     During the preceding afternoon a heavy North Pacific fog had blown in […] Scudding eastward from the ocean, it had crept up and over the redwood-studded crests of the Coast Range mountains, […]

2. (ambitransitive, nautical) To run, or be driven, before a high wind with few or no sails set.
   • 1835, Darcy Lever, The Young Sea Officer's Sheet Anchor:

     If the Main Topsail should by any accident be split, it will be still necessary to have a lofty Sail set in such a Sea, and the close reefed Topsail singly will be the best to scud under.

   • 1849, Washington Irving, The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus; Together with the Voyages of His Companions:

     all night they were obliged to scud under bare poles.

3. (Northumbria) To hit or slap.
4. (Northumbria) To speed.
5. (Northumbria) To skim flat stones so they skip along the water.
6. To scrape (skins) to remove hair etc. as part of the tanning process.

派生語

• scudding sail

参照

• Bill Griffiths, editor (2004), “scud”, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Northumbria University Press, →ISBN.
• Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “scud”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

名詞

scud (countable and uncountable, plural scuds)

1. The act of scudding.
2. Clouds or rain(s) (or snow, etc) driven by the wind.
   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

     But high above the flying scud and dark-rolling clouds, there floated a little isle of sunlight, from which beamed forth an angel's face […]

   • 1818, Walter Scott, Tales of My Landlord: Second series, page 350:

     ... he will have a wet journey, seeing it is apout to pe a scud."

   • 1858, Gilbert White, The Natural History of Selborne ... A New Edition with Notes by Edward Blyth. To which is Added a Description of the Village and Neighbourhood ... by ... Robert Mudie, page 246:

     Places near the sea have frequent scuds, that keep the atmosphere moist, yet do not reach far up into the country; making thus the maritime situations appear wet, when the rain is not considerable.

   • 1868, James Salmon (Poetical Writer.), Gowodean: a Pastoral, page 12:

     She'll cure this scud o' sentimental win' Wi' something o' a mair substantial kin';

   • 1876, John Mactaggart, The Scottish Gallovidian Encyclopedia, page 498:

     ... banks o' scud drave ragged past, And blashed upon his face, For blast on blast, frae the southwast, Did ither raging chace, […]

   • 1892, Arthur Quiller-Couch, I Saw Three Ships: And Other Winter Tales, IndyPublish.com, page 12:

     ... a scud of rain splashed on the window, drowning a sentence of the First Lesson.

   • 1894, Walter Raymond, "Love and Quiet Life": Somerset Idylls, page 124:

     Tes nothen but a scud o' snow, If you do talk about gwain, I'll lock 'ee in, same as we did pa'son.

3. (uncountable) A loose formation of small ragged cloud fragments (or fog) not attached to a larger higher cloud layer.
   • 2004, US National Weather Service Glossary:

     Small, ragged, low cloud fragments that are unattached to a larger cloud base and often seen with and behind cold fronts and thunderstorm gust fronts. Such clouds generally are associated with cool moist air, such as thunderstorm outflow.

4. A gust of wind.
5. (Bristol) A scab on a wound.
6. A small flight of larks, or other birds, less than a flock.
7. Any swimming amphipod, usually Gammarus
8. A swift runner.
9. A form of garden hoe.
10. A slap; a sharp stroke.
11. (slang, uncountable, Scotland) Pornography.
12. (slang, uncountable, Scotland) The drink Irn-Bru.

    a bottle of scud

同意語

• (cloud): pannus or fractus

派生語

• scud cloud
• scud run
• scud missile

参照

• “scud”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “scud”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
• “scud”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “scud”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
• “scud”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

アナグラム

• CDUs, UCSD, cuds