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意味・対訳 湿った、湿っぽい、湿気を含んだ、適度に水気のある、しっとりした、雨の多い、うるんだ
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moistの学習レベル | レベル:4英検:2級以上の単語学校レベル:高校3年以上の水準TOEIC® L&Rスコア:470点以上の単語大学入試:難関大対策レベル |
「moist」を含む例文一覧
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Wiktionary英語版での「moist」の意味 |
moist
語源 1
The adjective is derived from Middle English moist, moiste (“damp, humid, moist, wet; well-irrigated, well-watered; made up of water or other fluids, fluid; of ale: fresh; (比喩的に) carnal, lascivious; undisciplined, weak; (alchemy, medicine, physics) dominated by water as an element”) [and other forms],[1] from Anglo-Norman moist, moiste, moste, Middle French moiste, and Old French moiste, muste (“damp, moist, wet”) (modern French moite); further etymology uncertain, perhaps a blend of a Late Latin variant of Latin mūcidus (“mouldy, musty”) + a Late Latin derivative of Latin mustum (“unfermented または partially fermented grape juice または wine, must”).[2]
The noun is derived from the adjective.
形容詞
moist (comparative moister または more moist, superlative moistest または most moist)
- Characterized by the presence of moisture; not dry; slightly wet; damp. [from 14th c.]
- 1625, [Samuel] Purchas, “Relations of Africa, Taken Out of Master George Sandys His Larger Discourse Obserued in His Iourney, Begun Ann. 1610. Lib. 2.”, in Pvrchas His Pilgrimes. […], 2nd part, London: […] William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], OCLC 960103045, 6th book, § III (The Pyramides Viewed, Sphynx かつ Other Antiquities. Iourney from Cairo to Gaza.), page 908:
- 1631, Francis [Bacon], “V. Century. [Experiments in Consort, Touching the Melioration of Fruits, Trees, and Plants.]”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] VVilliam Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], paragraph 465, page 117, OCLC 1044372886:
- 1637, John Milton, “Lycidas”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, OCLC 606951673, page 63:
- Whilſt thee the ſhores, and ſounding Seas / Waſh far away, where ere thy bones are hurld, / Whether beyond the ſtormy Hebrides, / Where thou perhaps under the whelming tide / Viſit'ſt the bottom of the monſtrous world; / Or whether thou to our moiſt vows deny'd, / Sleep'ſt by the fable of Bellerus old, […]
- 1704, Nathan Bailey, “HOP”, in Dictionarium Rusticum & Urbanicum: Or, A Dictionary of All Sorts of Country Affairs, Handicraft, Trading, and Merchandizing. […], London: […] J. Nicholson, […], OCLC 1063071154, column 1:
- 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Three. The Second of the Three Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], OCLC 55746801, pages 83–84:
- Nor was it that the figs were moist and pulpy, or that the French plums blushed in modest tartness from their highly-decorated boxes, […]: but the customers were all so hurried and so eager in the hopeful promise of the day, that they tumbled up against each other at the door, […]
- 1937 November 1, “Books: Modernist Miracle: The Gardener Who Saw God—Edward James—Scribner ($2.50) [book review]”, in Time[1], New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., ISSN 0928-8430, OCLC 224518090, archived from the original on 10 November 2021:
- Joseph Smith, a diffident, conscientious young man with moist hands and an awkward, absent-minded manner, was head gardener at Wotton Vanborough.
- Of eyes: wet with tears; tearful; also (obsolete), watery due to some illness or to old age. [from 14th c.]
- c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, OCLC 55178895, [Act I, scene ii]:
- 1609 December (first performance), Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Epicoene, or The Silent Woman. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Ben Jonson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, OCLC 960101342, Act I, scene i, page 531:
- Of a climate, the weather, etc.: damp, humid, rainy. [from 14th c.]
- 1864 May – 1865 November, Charles Dickens, “Mr. Wegg Looks after Himself”, in Our Mutual Friend. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1865, OCLC 1016551263, book the first (The Cup かつ the Lip), page 58:
- The time is early in the evening; the weather moist and raw.
- (informal) Of the vagina: sexually lubricated due to sexual arousal; of a woman: sexually aroused, turned on. [from 20th c.]
- (medicine)
- (sciences, historical) Pertaining to one of the four essential qualities formerly believed to be present in all things, characterized by wetness; also, having a significant amount of this quality. [from 14th c.]
- c. 1599–1602, William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, OCLC 760858814, [Act I, scene i]:
- 1621, William of Saluste, Lord of Bartus [i.e., Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas], “The Fourth Day of the First VVeeke of VVilliam of Salust, Lord of Bartas”, in T. L. D. M. P. [pseudonym; Thomas Lodge], transl., A Learned Summary upon the Famous Poeme of William of Saluste Lord of Bartus. […], London: […] [George Purslowe] for Iohn Grismand […], OCLC 1205178098, page 169:
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Division of the Body. Humours, Spirits.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 54573970, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 2, page 13:
- 1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “Of Fish in General”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], volume VI, new edition, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], OCLC 877622212, part I (The Cetaceous Kind), pages 165–166:
- They [fish] are cold and moiſt, and muſt needs, ſay they, produce juices of the ſame kind, and conſequently are improper to ſtrengthen the body. In this diverſity of opinion, it is the wiſest way to eat our fiſh in the ordinary manner, and pay no great attention to cooks or doctors.
- 1862 August – 1863 March, Charles Kingsley, chapter VIII, in The Water-Babies: A Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby, London; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan and Co., published 1863, OCLC 48187780, page 330:
- Neither did the live coals, which were lying about in plenty, burn him; for, being a water-baby, his radical humours were of a moist and cold nature, […]
- (obsolete)
- Fluid, liquid, watery. [a. 14th - 17th c.]
- c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, OCLC 55178895, [Act IV, scene iii]:
- 1658, Thomas Browne, “Hydriotaphia, Urne-buriall. […]. Chapter I.”, in Hydriotaphia, Urne-buriall, […] Together with The Garden of Cyrus, […], London: […] Hen[ry] Brome […], OCLC 48702491; reprinted as Hydriotaphia (The English Replicas), New York, N.Y.: Payson & Clarke Ltd., 1927, OCLC 78413388, pages 5–6:
- Some being of the opinion of Thales, that water was the originall of all things, thought it most equall to ſubmit unto the principle of putrefaction, and conclude in a moiſt relentment.
- (also poetic) Bringing moisture or rain. [a. 14th – 18th c.]
- Fluid, liquid, watery. [a. 14th - 17th c.]
使用する際の注意点
Moist is mostly used for agreeable or neutral conditions (for example, “moist cake”) while damp is mainly used for disagreeable conditions (“damp clothes”).
派生語
関連する語
名詞
moist (uncountable)
- (obsolete except US, regional) Moistness; also, moisture.
- 1614–1615, Homer, “The Eighth Book of Homer’s Odysseys”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, OCLC 1002865976; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume I, London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, OCLC 987451380, lines 65–68, page 171:
派生語
語源 2
From Middle English moisten, moist, moiste (“to make moist または wet; to soak in liquid; to become moist または wet; to provide with moisture または water; to satisfy thirst with liquor または water, slake”) [and other forms],[3] and then either:[4]
- from Anglo-Norman muster (“to make moist または wet”), Middle French moistir, and Old French moistir (“to make moist または wet; to become moist または wet”) (compare enmoistir; modern French moitir), from Old French moiste, muste (“damp, moist, wet”) (see etymology 1) + -ir (suffix forming infinitives of second conjugation verbs); or
- from Middle English moist, moiste (adjective) (see etymology 1), though the adjective is first attested later.
動詞
moist (三人称単数 現在形 moists, 現在分詞 moisting, 過去形および過去分詞形 moisted)
- (transitive)
- (obsolete except Britain, regional and US) To make (something) moist or wet; to moisten.
- Synonyms: dampen, enmoisten, hydrate, wet
- Antonyms: dehydrate, desiccate, dry, (廃れた用法) exiccate, exsiccate, parch
- 1579, Plutarke of Chæronea [i.e., Plutarch], “The Life of Sertorius”, in Thomas North, transl., The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romaines, […], London: […] Richard Field, OCLC 1013894785, page 629:
- They [the legendary Fortunate Isles] haue raine there very ſeldom, howbeit a gentle winde commonly that bloweth in a litle ſiluer dew, which moiſteth the earth ſo finely, that it maketh it fertile and luſtie, not onely to bring forth all that is ſet or ſowen apon it but of it ſelfe without mans hand it beareth ſo good frute, as ſufficiently maintaineth the inhabitants dwelling apon it, liuing idlely, and taking no paines.
- (obsolete, figuratively) To inspire, to refresh (someone); also, to soften (one's heart).
- (obsolete except Britain, regional and US) To make (something) moist or wet; to moisten.
- (intransitive)
- (US) To rain lightly; to drizzle.
- (obsolete) To have an effect of moistening or wetting.
- 1553, “Of Mouyng Pitie”, in Thomas Wilson, transl., The Arte of Rhetorike, for the Use of All sutche as are Studious of Eloquence, […], London: […] Jhon Kyngston, published 1580, OCLC 1205426564, page 136:
- 1885, Henry J[ames] Swallow, “Ralph de Nevill, First Earl of Westmoreland”, in De Nova Villa: Or, The House of Nevill in Sunshine and Shade, Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Andrew Reid, […]; London: Griffith, Farran, & Co., […], OCLC 2943250, page 42:
- [S]prinkle a vessel of water, and it moisteth not, but cast it out wholly together, and it both washeth and nourisheth. This notable saying, before this time hath encourage Emperors, animated Kings, and allured Princes, to conquer realmes to them adjoining, to vanquish nations to their dominions adjacent, and to subdue people either necessary for their purpose, or being to them daily enemies and continual adversaries.
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) moist | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | moist | moisted | |
2nd-person singular | moist, moistest* | moisted, moistedst* | |
3rd-person singular | moists, moisteth* | moisted | |
plural | moist | ||
subjunctive | moist | ||
imperative | moist | — | |
participles | moisting | moisted |
派生語
参照
- ^ “moist(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “moist, adj. and n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2021; “moist, adj.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
- ^ “moisten, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “moist, v.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2021.
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