engrossとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• ingross (historical または 古風な用法)

語源

From Middle English engrossen, from Anglo-Norman engrosser (“to gather in large quantities, draft something in final form”); partly from the phrase en gros (“in bulk, in quantity, at wholesale”), from en- + gros; and partly from Medieval Latin ingrossō (“thicken, write something large かつ in bold lettering”, v.), from in- + grossus (“great, big, thick”), from Old High German grōz (“big, thick, coarse”), from Proto-West Germanic *graut, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“large, great, thick, coarse grained, unrefined”), from Proto-Indo-European *ghrewə- (“to fell, put down, fall in”). More at in-, gross.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈɡɹəʊs/, /ɪŋˈɡɹəʊs/, /ɛnˈɡɹəʊs/, /ɛŋˈɡɹəʊs/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈɡɹəʊs/, /ɪŋˈɡɹəʊs/, /ɛnˈɡɹoʊs/, /ɛŋˈɡɹoʊs/
• 韻: -əʊs

動詞

engross (三人称単数 現在形 engrosses, 現在分詞 engrossing, 過去形および過去分詞形 engrossed)

2. (transitive, now law) To write (a document) in large, aesthetic, and legible lettering; to make a finalized copy of.

   Coordinate term: longhand

   • 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Custom-house. Introductory to ‘The Scarlet Letter.’”, in The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, OCLC 223202227, page 34:

     This envelope had the air of an official record of some period long past, when clerks engrossed their stiff and formal chirography on more substantial materials than at present.

   • 1846, Thomas De Quincey, “On Christianity, as an Organ of Political Movement”, in Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine:

     laws that may be engrossed upon a finger nail

   • 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, OCLC 558196156:

     Wherefore Mr. Micawber […] set to work at the petition, invented it, engrossed it on an immense sheet of paper, spread it out on a table, and appointed a time for all the club, and all within the walls if they chose, to come up to his room and sign it.

3. (transitive, business, obsolete) To buy up wholesale, especially to buy the whole supply of (a commodity etc.).

   Synonym: corner the market

4. (transitive) To monopolize; to concentrate (something) in the single possession of someone, especially unfairly.
   • 1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Vnlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], OCLC 879551664, page 7:

     After which time the Popes of Rome, engroſſing what they pleas'd of Politicall rule into their owne hands, extended their dominion over mens eyes, as they had before over their judgements, burning and prohibiting to be read, what they fanſied not; […]

   • 1847 March 30, Herman Melville, Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas; […], London: John Murray, […], OCLC 364546898:

     The Coral Islands are principally visited by the pearl-shell fishermen, who arrive in small schooners, carrying not more than five or six men. For a long while the business was engrossed by Merenhout, the French Consul at Tahiti, but a Dutchman by birth, who, in one year, is said to have sent to France fifty thousand dollars' worth of shells.

   • 2007, John Burrow, A History of Histories, Penguin Books, published 2009, pages 125–126:

     Octavian then engrosses for himself proconsular powers for ten years in all the provinces where more than one legion was stationed, giving him effective control of the army

5. (transitive) To completely engage the attention of.

   She seems to be completely engrossed in that book.

   • 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, H.L. Brækstad, transl., Folk and Fairy Tales, page 250:

     Having made a few vain attempts at engrossing my attention in my book, I was obliged to let myself be carried away by the impetuous torrent of the squire's eloquence.

6. (transitive, obsolete) To thicken; to condense.

   Synonyms: inspissate; see also Thesaurus:thicken

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book III, canto IV, stanza 13, page 447:

     As, when a foggy miſt hath ouercaſt / The face of heuen, and the cleare ayre engroſte, / The world in darkenes dwels, […]

7. (transitive, obsolete) To make gross, thick, or large; to thicken; to increase in bulk or quantity.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book II, canto VI, stanza 46, page 269:

     The waues thereof ſo ſlow and ſluggiſh were, / Engroſt with mud, which did them fowle agriſe, / That euery weighty thing they did vpbeare, / Ne ought mote euer ſinck downe to the bottom there.

   • c. 1593, [William Shakespeare], The Tragedy of King Richard the Third. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Valentine Sims [and Peter Short] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1597, OCLC 55191490, [Act III, scene vii]:

     Not ſleeping to ingroſſe his idle body, / But praying to inrich his watchfull ſoule.

8. (obsolete) To amass.

   Synonyms: amound, hoard; see also Thesaurus:amass

   • c. 1597, [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fovrth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, OCLC 932916628, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Percy is but my factor, good my Lord, / To engroſſe vp glorious deeds on my behalfe.

派生語

• engrossing

関連する語

• gross