Extinguishとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/

動詞

extinguish (third-person singular simple present extinguishes, present participle extinguishing, simple past and past participle extinguished)

1. (transitive) To end (something).
   1. To stop (fire, etc.) from burning; also, to stop (light, etc.) from shining; to put out, to quench.

      Synonyms: douse, (obsolete) extinct, smother

   2. (figurative) To eclipse or obscure (someone or something).

      A beauty that extinguishes all others by comparison

      The rays of the sun were extinguished by the thunder clouds.

   3. (figurative) To kill (someone).

      Synonym: (obsolete) extinct

   4. (figurative) To put an end to (something) completely; to annihilate, to destroy.

      Synonyms: (obsolete) extinct; see also Thesaurus:destroy

      She extinguished all my hopes.

      They intended to extinguish the enemy by force of numbers

      • 1561, Richard Eden, “To the Ryght Worshypfull Syr Wyllyam Garrerd Knyght, and Master Thomas Lodge, Aldermen of the Citie of London, and Gouernours of the Honorable Felowshyp or Societie, aswell of Certaine of the Nobilitie, as of Marchauntes Aduenturers, for the Discouery of Landes, Territories, Ilandes, and Seignories Vnknowen, and Not before Their First Aduenture or Enterprise by Seas or Nauigations Commonly Frequented: And to the Right Worshypfull the Consulles, Assistentes, and Comminaltie of the Same Societie, Richarde Eden Wyssheth Health and Prosperitie”, in Martin Cortes [i.e., Martín Cortés de Albacar], translated by Richard Eden, The Arte of Nauigation: Conteynyng a Compendious Description of the Sphere, with the Makyng of Certen Instrumentes and Rules for Nauigations: and Exemplified by Manye Demonstrations. […], London: […] Richard Jugge, […], →OCLC, signature [¶ iii], recto:

        [T]he fauour of Princes and Magiſtrates noryſheth, augmenteth, and amplyfyeth all artes and ſciences by liberalitie, and extynguyſheth the ſame by miſerable couetouſnes and parcimonie.

      1. (psychology) To bring about the extinction of (a conditioned reflex).

         Many patients can extinguish their phobias after a few months of treatment.

   5. (figurative) To suppress (something, as feelings, a person's spirit, a state of affairs, etc.); to quench.

      Synonym: (obsolete) extinct

   6. (figurative, chiefly law) To abolish or make void (a law, a legal right, etc.); also, to cancel (a creditor's claim, a licence, etc.).

      Synonym: (obsolete) extinct

      • 1668 December 19, James Dalrymple, “Mr. Alexander Seaton contra Menzies” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), page 575:

        The Pupil after his Pupillarity, had granted a Diſcharge to one of the Co-tutors, which did extinguiſh the whole Debt of that Co-tutor, and conſequently of all the reſt, they being all correi debendi, lyable by one individual Obligation, which cannot be Diſcharged as to one, and ſtand as to all the reſt.

      • 2024 May 11, Barney Jopson, “Catalonia separatist deal tested at ballot box”, in FT Weekend, London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

        If the amnesty becomes law as expected this month or in June, it promises to extinguish the charges Puigdemont faces of disobedience and misuse of public funds.

2. (intransitive, reflexive) To die out.

派生語

関連する語

• distinguish
• extinct
• extinction
• extinguisher
• fire extinguisher

Further reading

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “extinguish”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “extinguish”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.