plightとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English plit (“fold, wrinkle, bad situation”), conflation of Middle English pliht, plight (“risky promise, peril”) (from 古期英語 pliht "danger, risk") and Anglo-Norman plit, plyte (“fold, condition”), from Old French pleit (“condition, manner of folding”) (from Vulgar Latin *plictum, from Latin plicitum (“fold”)).

名詞

plight (複数形 plights)

1. A dire or unfortunate situation. [from 14th c.]
   • 2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 243c:

     Though we say we are quite clear about it and understand when someone uses the expression, unlike that other expression, maybe we're in the same plight with regard to them both.

   • 2011 December 10, Arindam Rej, “Norwich 4-2 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:

     Gosling's plight worsened when he was soon shown a red card for a foul on Martin.

   • 2020 June 17, Philip Haigh, “Capital for the capital to meet London's transport needs”, in Rail, page 28:

     Despite spending £1 billion of its own resources, that balanced budget became impossible and forced TfL to issue a 'Section 114' notice of impending financial plight and go to the government for support.

2. (now rare) A (neutral) condition or state. [from 14th c.]
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 8, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     although hee live in as good plight and health as may be, yet he chafeth, he scoldeth, he brawleth, he fighteth, he sweareth, and biteth, as the most boistrous and tempestuous master of France […].

3. (obsolete) Good health. [14th–19th c.]
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     All wayes shee sought him to restore to plight, / With herbs, with charms, with counsel, and with teares […].

語源 2

From Middle English plight (“risk, danger”), from 古期英語 pliht (“peril, risk, danger, damage, plight”), from Proto-West Germanic *plihti (“care, responsibility, duty”). A suffixed form of the root represented by 古期英語 pleoh (“risk, danger, hurt, peril"; also "responsibility”) and plēon (“to endanger, risk”). Akin to 古期英語 plihtan (“to endanger, compromise”). Cognate with Scots plicht (“responsibility, plight”), Dutch plicht, Low German plicht (“duty”), German Pflicht (“duty”), Danish pligt (“duty”), Yiddish פֿליכט‎ (flikht). More at pledge.

名詞

plight (複数形 plights)

1. (now chiefly dialectal) Responsibility for ensuing consequences; risk; danger; peril.
2. (now chiefly dialectal) An instance of danger or peril; a dangerous moment or situation.
3. (now chiefly dialectal) Blame; culpability; fault; wrong-doing; sin; crime.
4. (now chiefly dialectal) One's office; duty; charge.
5. (archaic) That which is exposed to risk; that which is plighted or pledged; security; a gage; a pledge.
   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     Haply, when I shall wed,
     That lord whose hand must take my plight shall carry
     Half my love with him, half my care and duty

派生語

• plightful
• plightly

動詞

plight (三人称単数 現在形 plights, 現在分詞 plighting, 過去形および過去分詞形 plighted)

1. (transitive, now rare) To expose to risk; to pledge.
2. (transitive) Specifically, to pledge (one's troth etc.) as part of a marriage ceremony.
3. (reflexive) To promise (oneself) to someone, or to do something.
   • 1992, Hilary Mantel, A Place of Greater Safety, Harper Perennial, published 2007, page 226:

     I ask what I have done to deserve it, one daughter hobnobbing with radicals and the other planning to plight herself to a criminal.

派生語

• plighter

語源 3

From Middle English plyghten, plyȝten, pleyȝten, pleiten, pliten, from the noun (see below).

動詞

plight (三人称単数 現在形 plights, 現在分詞 plighting, 過去形および過去分詞形 plighted)

1. (obsolete) To weave; to braid; to fold; to plait.
   • 1670, John Milton, “The Second Book”, in The History of Britain, that Part Especially now Call’d England. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for James Allestry, […] , →OCLC, page 67:

     ſhe wore a plighted Garmend of divers colours,

語源 4

From Middle English pliȝt, plight, plyt, pleit, from Anglo-Norman pleit (“pleat, fold”). More at plait.

名詞

plight (複数形 plights)

2. (obsolete) A network; a plait; a fold; rarely a garment.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 26:

     Many a folded plight.

Further reading

• Plight in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)