a 'とは 意味・読み方・使い方

動詞

'a

1. (archaic) Alternative form of a (“have, had”).

不変化詞

'a

1. Alternative form of a (“to”).
   • 1955, Russell Ames, “The Open Road, the Chain Gang, and the Jail”, in The Story of American Folk Song (The Listener’s Music Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, published 1960, →OCLC, page 248:

     Say, these stripes, stripes sure don’t worry me. But these chains, chains goin’ ’a kill me dead.

   • 2009, Jennifer Worth, “The Captain’s Daughter”, in Farewell to the East End, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, →ISBN, page 237:

     Well, this one’s ’ere all right. Captain’s wife or somefink, the mate says. Least, that’s what I think he’s tryin’ ’a say, because he can’t speak no English.

   • 2014, R[oger] N. Morris, chapter 11, in The Dark Palace (A Silas Quinn Mystery; 3), Sutton, Surrey: Crème de la Crime, →ISBN, Part 1 (Love), page 50:

     So while we’re all distracted tryin’ ’a fix it all – that’s when they strike.

動詞

'a'

1. Pronunciation spelling of have.

使用する際の注意点

• This is only for the uses of have as an auxiliary verb, and only following could, should, would, or forms of would such as he'd.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ɑ/, /ə/
• 異形同音異義語: -er, -or (in non-rhotic accents)

接尾辞

-a

1. plural of -um

派生語

語源 2

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -α (-a, nominative second declension neuter plural suffix), plural counterpart to -ον (-on, nominative second declension neuter singular suffix).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ɑ/, /ə/
• 異形同音異義語: -er, -or (in non-rhotic accents)

接尾辞

-a

1. plural of -on

派生語

語源 3

Learned borrowing from Latin -a (nominative first declension neuter singular suffix)

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: ə, IPA: /ə/

接尾辞

-a (plural -as or -ae)

1. Marks singular nouns, with a foundation in Greek or Latin, often implying femininity, especially when contrasted with words terminating in -us.
2. Changes an element or substance into an oxide.

   ‎magnesium + ‎-a → ‎magnesia

同意語

• (feminine suffix): -ess, -ette, -ine, -ress, she-, -trix

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “feminine suffix”): he-

派生語

• incuba

語源 4

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ə/

接尾辞

-a

1. Marks nouns, with a foundation in Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese, implying femininity.

   donna

   signora

同意語

• (female suffix): -ess, -ette, -ine, -ress, she-, -trix

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “female suffix”): he-

語源 5

Added especially for metrical reasons, or as an empty filler syllable.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ə/, /eɪ/

接尾辞

-a

1. Added for metrical reasons to songs, poetry and verse, or as an empty filler syllable to other speech.

   Alternative forms: a, a-

   • c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

     A merry heart goes all the day
     Your sad tires in a mile-a

   • 1936 July 18, Leon Schlesinger (producer) / Norman Spencer (music), I Love to Singa:

     I love to sing-a / about the moon-a and the June-a and the spring-a, / I love to sing-a / about a sky of blue-a, or a tea for two-a.

   • 1980s, Herb Owen, “Wanna”, in Kids Sing Praise‎, performed by Kids Sing Praise:

     I wanna wanna wanna wanna wanna wanna really wanna be just like the Lord
     So every day Im gonna gonna read the Book and rest upon-a God's own holy Word
     Of good in me there's none-a none-a that's okay because I'm gonna trust upon the work that's done-a on the Cross
     and Jesus is the one-a one-a God the Father's Son-a Son-a and my sin He cures!

   • 1981, Colin Hay, Ron Strykert, performed by Men At Work, Down Under:

     Buying bread from a man in Brussels
     He was six-foot-four and full of muscle
     I said, "Do you speak-a my language?"
     He just smiled and gave me a Vegemite sandwich […]

   • 2014, Don Pendleton, California Hit, Open Road Media, →ISBN:

     "I'm-a tell-a you why you better be. I named you in my will, Franco."

語源 6

A contraction of have.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ə/

接尾辞

-a

1. (slang) Alternative form of 've.

   who'da thunk it?

   shoulda

   coulda

   woulda

語源 7

Contraction of of.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ə/

接尾辞

-a

1. (slang) Clitic form of o' (contraction of of).

   buncha, cuppa, kinda, loadsa, lotta, sorta

   • 1946, Elizabeth Metzger Howard, Before the Sun Goes Down, page 31:

     "Jesus Christ! Was my folks refined. My mam she wouldn't think-a lettin' us young'uns call a pee pot a pee pot. A chamber's what she called it... And by God! Us young'uns had ter call the pee pot a chamber or git our God damn necks wrang."

語源 8

Contraction of to.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ə/

接尾辞

-a

1. (informal) to (infinitive marker)

   oughta

   wanna

   gotta

   gonna

語源 9

Contraction of do.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ə/

接尾辞

-a

1. (informal) do (infinitive marker)

   whatta

   • 1988, Living Colour, “Funny Vibe”, Epic:

     Yeah, Flav, I'm tired of them dissing brothers in the P.E. out there, we got to do something about this/(What-a we do? What-a we do?)

語源 10

A pronunciation spelling of -er, representing the unstressed schwa /ə/ in non-rhotic dialects.

接尾辞

-a

1. (chiefly US, African-American Vernacular, non-rhotic) Pronunciation spelling of -er (the agent noun suffix).

   busta, hustla, killa, stunna, sucka

2. (chiefly UK, Australia, New Zealand, non-rhotic) Pronunciation spelling of -er (the colloquial clipping suffix).

   Macca, rugga

参考

• -z
• -zza

参照

• Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “-a”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 1.
• Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “-a”, in The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, →ISBN, page 1.

語源 1

From Proto-West Germanic *-ō, from Proto-Germanic *-ô. Cognate with Old High German -o.

接尾辞

-a

1. nominative masculine n-stem ending

   ācweorna ― squirrel

   fola ― foal

   draca ― dragon

   grīma ― mask

   heorra ― door hinge

2. used to form the nominative singular n-stem (weak) adjective and subsequent nominalised form

   ‎eald (“old”) + ‎-a → ‎(sē) ealda (“(the/that) old; (the/that) old one/thing”)

3. used to form masculine agents, usually from verbs

   Synonyms: -end, -ere

   ‎ġiefan (“to give”) + ‎-a → ‎ġiefa (“giver”)

   ‎dēman (“to judge”) + ‎-a → ‎dēma (“a judge”)

   ‎cuman (“to come”) + ‎-a → ‎cuma (“guest”)

語形変化

Weak:

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: -e

語源 2

From Proto-West Germanic *-ō, from Proto-Germanic *-ô.

接尾辞

-a

1. Ending forming adverbs

使用する際の注意点

• Though it was common in Proto-Germanic and Proto-West Germanic, in Old English this ending is restricted to only a few adverbs, among them sōna (“immediately”) and ġeāra (“long ago”). The competing suffix -e is much more common, along with -līċe.

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: -e (fossilised)
  • English: -e (archaic)

語源 3

接尾辞

-a

1. Forms the nominative, accusative, and genitive plural of o-stem feminine nouns and u-stem masculine nouns

   ‎sunu (“son”) + ‎-a → ‎suna (“sons, sons'”)

   ‎talu (“tale”) + ‎-a → ‎tala (“tales, tales'”)

語源 4

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-ō, from Proto-Germanic *-ǫ̂, from the Proto-Indo-European genitive plural ending *-oHom as attached to thematic (eh₂-stem and o-stem) nouns.

接尾辞

-a

1. Forms the genitive plural of a-stem nouns

   ‎word (“word”) + ‎-a → ‎worda (“words'”)

派生した語

• Middle English: -e

語源 5

接尾辞

-a

1. Forms the genitive and dative singular of u-stem nouns

   ‎sunu (“son”) + ‎-a → ‎suna (“son's, son”)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [a]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [a]

接尾辞

-a

1. inflection of -us:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural
2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural of -s

接尾辞

-a f or m (genitive -ae); first declension

1. suffix used to form feminine first-declension nouns
   1. used to form a female counterpart of a masculine noun denoting a male

      ‎equus m (“horse”) + ‎-a → ‎equa f (“female horse, mare”)

      ‎flāmen m (“flamen”) + ‎-a → ‎flāmina f (“wife of a flamen”)

      ‎magister m (“master, instructor”) + ‎-a → ‎magistra f (“mistress, instructress”)

   2. used in substantivised feminine adjective forms, with ellipsis of an implicit feminine head noun

      ‎medicus (“doctor”) + ‎-īnus (adjective-forming suffix) + ‎-a → ‎medicīna f (“medicine”), a type of ars f (“art”)

      1. specifically, used to form plant names by ellipsis of herba f (“plant; herb”)

         ‎cōnferveō + ‎-us (adjective-forming suffix) + ‎-a → ‎cōnferva f

         ‎cōnsolidō + ‎-us (adjective-forming suffix) + ‎-a → ‎cōnsolida f

   3. (Late Latin) added to the stem of a third-declension noun to adapt its inflection to that of a feminine first-declension noun

      ‎lendis, lendin- f + ‎-a → ‎lendina f

      ‎pūlex, pūlic- m + ‎-a → ‎*pūlica f

2. suffix used to form (usually masculine) agent nouns from the roots of (usually compound) verbs

   ‎adveniō + ‎-a → ‎advena

   ‎ager + ‎colō + ‎-a → ‎agricola

   ‎caedō + ‎-a → ‎-cīda

   ‎colō + ‎-a → ‎-cola

   ‎scrībō + ‎-a → ‎scrība

語形変化

First-declension noun.

1. Certain masculine nouns ending in -a, especially those ending in -cola and -gena, sometimes have a short genitive plural form ending in -um instead of -ārum.

2. Feminine nouns such as fīlia (“daughter”) that have a second-declension masculine counterpart sometimes take the ending -ābus instead of -īs in the dative and ablative plural to avoid ambiguity (since fīliīs could be misunderstood as the dative/ablative plural of fīlius (“son”)). Forms in -ābus are attested earliest for the nouns fīlia and dea (“goddess”), and later on for others such as līberta (“freedwoman”), equa (“mare”) and anima.

3. Old genitive singular endings are -ās and -ā (e.g., in familiās, Titā, and Vendiās).

同意語

• (suffixed to the roots of verbs, forms masculine agent nouns): -ō¹

派生語

参照

• “-a¹” on page 1/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

語源 2

From Old Latin -ād, first-declension ablative singular ending.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [aː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [a]

接尾辞

-ā

1. ablative feminine singular of -us

接尾辞

-ā (not comparable)

1. suffixed chiefly to the stems of adjectives terminating in -ter, forms adverbs which are frequently also used as prepositions

   citer + -ā → citrā

   exter + -ā → extrā

   in- + -ter + -ā → intrā

   ulter + -ā → ultrā

派生語

参照

• “-ā²” on page 1/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

語源 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [aː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [a]

接尾辞

-ā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of -ō (first conjugation)

語源 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)