dIsとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /diː aɪ ɛs/

固有名詞

DIS

1. Initialism of Distributed Interactive Simulation.
2. (military, US) Initialism of Defense Investigative Service, now the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
3. (stock ticker symbol) Walt Disney Company.
4. Initialism of Draft International Standard (usage from ISO)

アナグラム

• IDs, SDI, sid, I-Ds, ISD, DSI, IDS, ids, sid', Sid, SID, I.D.s

語源

発音

• enPR: dĭs′-
• (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada, General Australian, Scotland, India) IPA: /ˌdɪs-/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /ˌdəs-/

• 韻: -ɪs
• 異形同音異義語: dis, diss, dys-
• ハイフネーション: dis-

接頭辞

dis-

1. Not, the reverse of. (Especially forming words with a negative connotation)

   Synonyms: un-, non-, de-, in-, an-, a-

   ‎dis- + ‎agree → ‎disagree

   ‎dis- + ‎connect → ‎disconnect

   ‎dis- + ‎satisfied → ‎dissatisfied

   ‎dis- + ‎interested → ‎disinterested

   ‎dis- + ‎honour → ‎dishonour

2. Expressing separation or removal.

   ‎dis- + ‎card → ‎discard (“to throw out a card”)

   ‎dis- + ‎bar → ‎disbar (“to expel from the bar”)

   ‎dis- + ‎franchise → ‎disfranchise (“to remove one's franchise, to prevent from voting”)

3. Used as an intensifier.

   ‎dis- + ‎embowel → ‎disembowel

   ‎dis- + ‎annul → ‎disannul (“to annul”)

4. Alternative form of dys- (“incorrect”).

   ‎dis- + ‎function → ‎disfunction

使用する際の注意点

• When attached to a verbal root, prefixes often change the first vowel (whether initial or preceded by a consonant/consonant cluster) of that verb. These phonological changes took place in Latin and usually do not apply to words created (as in New Latin) from Latin components since Latin became a 'dead' language. Note: the combination of prefix and following vowel did not always yield the same change. Also, these changes in vowels are not necessarily particular to being prefixed with dis- (i.e. other prefixes sometimes cause the same vowel change- see con-, ex-).

派生語

参考

参考

• dys-

参照

• “dis-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “dis-”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

アナグラム

• IDs, SDI, sid, I-Ds, ISD, DSI, IDS, ids, sid', Sid, SID, I.D.s

語源

発音

• IPA: /dis-/, /dɛs-/
• ハイフネーション: dis-

接頭辞

dis-

1. Forms words denoting reversal or removal; dis-, de-.

   Synonym: de-

2. Intensifies words with a negative connotation; dis-, de-.

   Synonym: de-

使用する際の注意点

• Sometimes used interchangeably with de-; see that entry for more.

派生語

派生した語

• English: dis- (obsolete des-)

参照

• “des-, pref.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “dis-, pref.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源

Inherited from Proto-Italic *dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is- (“in two, apart”), ultimate details are disputed.

The loss of the *w is also found in all descendants of Proto-Germanic *t(w)iz-, with the exception of the uncommon Gothic 𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃- (twis-), interestingly largely displaced by the likely Latin-influenced Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-). It is not evident whether the *w-less form associated with the meaning “apart” is to be dated as late as Italic and Germanic or back to Proto-Indo-European. Some have attributed the loss of *w to dissimilation when prefixed to verbs starting in *w-, e.g. dīvidō, dīvertō, then regularised to the other cases.

The meaning of the prefix in the formation difficilis (“difficult”) from facilis (“easy”) cannot be immediately parsed as “apart”. It has been explained as built on the example of similis : dissimilis, which in turn arose as the opposition of consimilis, in the example of common pairs like distrahō : contrahō, etc. Alternatively it has also been analysed as an initially independent but later conflated prefixation with Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”), which itself possibly ultimately shares the same root and semantic development. Compare also displiceō : placeō, as well as its use in Romance descendants.

The presence of the prefix in Umbrian disleralinsust, of unclear meaning, is disputed.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [dɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [dis]
• ハイフネーション: dis-

接頭辞

dis-

1. asunder, apart, in two

   dīmittō ― dismiss, disband

   discēdō ― part, separate

2. reversal, removal

   dissimulō ― disguise, conceal

3. utterly, exceedingly

   differtus ― stuffed full

使用する際の注意点

• Before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, and v, the prefix becomes dī-.
• Before a consonantal i (j), the prefix may become dī- or remain as dis-.
• Before f, the prefix becomes dif-.
• Before sc, sp, st, the prefix becomes di-.
• Before a vowel or h, the prefix becomes dir- in the two verbs diribeō and dirimō, which arose early enough to be subject to rhotacism, but from Classical Latin onwards, dis- is used (see, for example, dishiascō in Cato).

派生語

関連する語

• bis
• duo

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “dis-”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press