英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 you, yow, ȝow (object case of ye), from 古期英語 ēow (“you”, dative case of ġē), from Proto-West Germanic *iwwi (“you”, dative case of *jiʀ), from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz (“you”, dative case of *jīz), the Western form of Proto-Germanic *izwiz (“you”, dative case of *jūz), from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you”, plural).

Cognate with Scots you (“you”), Saterland Frisian jou (“you”), West Frisian jo (“you”), Low German jo, joe and oe (“you”), Dutch jou and u (“you”), German euch (“you”), Middle High German eu, iu (“you”, object pronoun), Latin vōs (“you”), Avestan 𐬬𐬋 (vō, “you”), Ashkun yë̃ (“you”), Kamkata-viri šo (“you”), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyám, “you”).

See usage notes. Ye, you and your are cognate with Dutch jij/je, jou, jouw; Low German ji, jo/ju, jug and German ihr, euch and euer respectively. Ye is also cognate with Danish I and archaic Swedish I.

別の表記

• ye (archaic nominative, dialectal plural)
• ya, yah, yer, yeh, y', yo, yu, yuh (eye dialect or informal)
• yew (eye dialect or obsolete)
• yoh, yoo (eye dialect)
• yow (West Midlands)
• u, (ironic) yuo (Internet, informal)
• youe, yow, yowe (obsolete)
• -cha (after /t/), -ja (after /d/) (informal)

発音

• (weak form)
  • (英国発音)
    • (Received Pronunciation) enPR: yo͞o, IPA: /ju/
    • (MLE) IPA: /jə/
    • (Northumbria) IPA: /jɪ/, /jə/
  • (米国発音)
    • (General American) enPR: yə, IPA: /jə/
    • (Northwestern 米国発音, Canada) IPA: /jɪ/
• (strong form)
  • (英国発音)
    • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /juː/
    • (MLE) IPA: /jy/
    • (Northumbria) IPA: /(j)iː/
    • (Scotland, Northern Ireland) IPA: /jʉ/
  • (General American) IPA: /ju/
  • (Canada) IPA: [jʉː], [jɪu̯]
  • (Northwestern 米国発音) IPA: [jĭu]
  • (General Australian) IPA: /jʉː/
  • 韻: -uː
  • 異形同音異義語: You, Yoo, yu, Yu, Yuu; yew, ewe, u, U (not in Wales); hew, hue, (h-dropping) Hugh

Following a word ending in an alveolar obstruent (/t/, /d/, /s/, or /z/), the words may coalesce and palatalize, resulting in postalveolar /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /ʃ/, and /ʒ/, respectively. This is occasionally represented in writing, for example gotcha (from got you) or whatcha doin' (more formally what are you doing?).

代名詞

you (second person, singular or plural, nominative or objective, possessive determiner your, possessive pronoun yours, singular reflexive yourself, plural reflexive yourselves)

1. (object pronoun) The people spoken, or written to, as an object. [from 9th c.]

   Both of you should get ready now.

   I'll look up you and your sister.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 42:14, column 1:

     And Ioſeph ſaid vnto them, That is it that I ſpake vnto you, ſaying, Ye are ſpies.

2. (reflexive pronoun, now US colloquial) (To) yourselves, (to) yourself. [from 9th c.]
   • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     If I may counsaile you, some day or two / Your Highnesse shall repose you at the Tower [...].

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis XIX::

     And Lot went out, and spake unto his sons in law, which married his daughters, and said, Up, get you out of this place; for the Lord will destroy this city.

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     'Draw near, and wash you in the living flames, and take their virtue into your poor frames in all its virgin strength[.]'

   • 1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:

     ‘Pull you up a chair,’ she offered.

   • 1975, Joseph Nazel, Death for Hire:

     You'd better get you a gun and kill him before he kills you or somebody.

3. (object pronoun) The person spoken to or written to, as an object. (Replacing thee; originally as a mark of respect.) [from 13th c.]
   • c. 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book VIII:

     I charge you, as ye woll have my love, that ye warne your kynnesmen that ye woll beare that day the slyve of golde uppon your helmet.

4. (subject pronoun) The people spoken to or written to, as a subject. (Replacing ye.) [from 14th c.]

   You are all supposed to do as I tell you.

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     Are you excited? ― Yes, I am excited!

5. (subject pronoun) The person spoken to or written to, as a subject. (Originally as a mark of respect.) [from 15th c.]
   • 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Mansfield Park: […], volume II, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 208:

     You are right, Fanny, to protest against such an office, but you need not be afraid.

6. (subject pronoun, colloquial) A person's favorite sports team.

   I get that you're from Southeast Michigan, but I'm still surprised that you're a Detroit Lions fan. You have been on the receiving end of losing seasons for a while now.

7. (indefinite personal pronoun) Anyone, one; an unspecified individual or group of individuals (as subject or object). [from 16th c.]
   • 1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter II, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume II, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 18:

     The ascent is precipitous, but the path is cut into continual and short windings, which enable you to surmount the perpendicularity of the mountain.

   • 2001 May 5, Polly Vernon, The Guardian:

     You can't choose your family, your lovers are difficult and volatile, but, oh, you can choose your friends - so doesn't it make much more sense to live and holiday with them instead?

8. (indefinite personal pronoun) A dummy pronoun used in certain constructions, usually with verbs of receiving (such as get or find) or sensing (such as see or hear), typically stating the existence or typicality of something.

   You get a lot of rude people in London.

   It was one of those small-town dive bars you often read about.

   • 1973, Soldiers:

     You find a lot of 'life' in the city but much of it is an act people are putting on.

   • 2018 October 4, Javier Marías, Berta Isla, Penguin UK, →ISBN:

     You get some terrible bullies in Spanish villages too , and they'll doubtless grow up to be complete oafs.

   • 2018 January 16, Rick Wolff, Secrets of Sports Psychology Revealed: Proven Techniques to Elevate Your Performance, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

     You often hear about athletes having the jitters before a game, or having butterflies in their stomach.

使用する際の注意点

• Originally, you was specifically plural (indicating multiple people), and specifically the object form (serving as the object of a verb or preposition; like us as opposed to we). The subject pronoun was ye, and the corresponding singular pronouns were thee and thou, respectively. In some forms of (older) English, you and ye doubled as polite singular forms, e.g. used in addressing superiors, with thee and thou being the non-polite singular forms. In the 1600s, some writers objected to the use of "singular you" (compare objections to the singular they), but in modern (non-dialect) English thee and thou are archaic and all but nonexistent and you is used for both the singular and the plural.
• Several forms of English now distinguish singular you from various marked plural forms, such as you guys, y'all, you-uns, or youse, though not all of these are completely equivalent or considered Standard English.
• The pronoun you is usually, but not always, omitted in imperative sentences. In affirmatives, it may be included before the verb (You go right ahead; You stay out of it); in negative imperatives, it may be included either before the don't, or (more commonly) after it (Don't you dare go in there; Don't you start now).
• The pronoun you is also used in an indefinite sense: the generic you.
• See Appendix:English parts of speech for other personal pronouns.

同意語

• (subject pronoun: person spoken/written to):

  yer (UK eye dialect)

  plus the alternative forms and at Appendix:English personal pronouns

• (subject pronoun: persons spoken/written to; plural): See Thesaurus:y'all
• (object pronoun: person spoken/written to): thee (singular, archaic), ye, to you, to thee, to ye
• (object pronoun: persons spoken/written to): ye, to you, to ye, to you all
• (one): one, people, they, them

派生語

派生した語

• Belizean Creole: yu
• Bislama: yu
• Cameroon Pidgin: you
• Jamaican Creole: yuh
• Nigerian Pidgin: yu
• Sranan Tongo: yu
  • Aukan: yu
  • >? Maroon Spirit Language: i
  • Saramaccan: yu
• Tok Pisin: yu
• Torres Strait Creole: yu

参考

限定詞

you

1. The individual or group spoken or written to.

   Have you gentlemen come to see the lady who fell backwards off a bus?

2. Used before epithets, describing the person being addressed, for emphasis.

   You idiot!

   • 2015, Judi Curtin, Only Eva, The O'Brien Press, →ISBN:

     'You genius!' I shouted in Aretta's ear. 'You absolute genius! Why didn't you tell us you were so good?'

3. (nonstandard) Your.
   • 1899 August, E[lizabeth] Stuart Phelps [Ward], “Loveliness: A Story”, in The Atlantic Monthly‎, volume LXXXIV, number DII, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 16 March 2026, page 228, column 2:

     Tell me about ’e barber who shaved you hair so close,—was he kind to you?

   • 2002 [1997], Pablo Urbanyi, translated by Hugh Hazelton, “Entry 21: The Longest Day of the Year Begins”, in Sunset, Fredericton, N.B.: Broken Jaw Press, →ISBN, page 72:

     “No. I need a ride into Buenos Aires. You remember what we arranged?” “You wife’s a-gonna give a-birt?” “That’s right. Are you free?”

   • 2014 September 5, Arthur Hamilton, “Margaret Rose McAllister”, in Jonathan’s Journey, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN:

     “You oyster gravy, Massa Sam,” said Ella, ladling a couple of spoonfuls over the rice.

動詞

you (third-person singular simple present yous, present participle youing, simple past and past participle youed)

1. (transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun you (in the past, especially to use you rather than thou, when you was considered more formal).
   • 1930, Barrington Hall, Modern Conversation, Brewer & Warren, page 239:

     Youing consists in relating everything in the conversation to the person you wish to flatter, and introducing the word “you” into your speech as often as possible.

   • 1992, Barbara Anderson, Portrait of the Artist’s Wife, Victoria University Press, page 272:

     Now even Princess Anne had dropped it. Sarah had heard her youing away on television the other night just like the inhabitants of her mother’s dominions beyond the seas.

   • 2004, Ellen Miller, “Practicing”, in Brooklyn Noir, Akashic Books:

     But even having my very own personal pronoun was risky, because it’s pretty tough to keep stopped-hope stopped up when you are getting all youed up, when someone you really like keeps promising you scary, fun, exciting stuff—and even tougher for the of that moment to remain securely devoid of hope, to make smart, self-denying decisions with Dad youing me—the long ooo of it broad and extended, like a hand.

語源 2

名詞

you (plural yous)

1. The name of the Latin script letter U/u.
   • 1969, Michael Feld, The Sabbatical Year, London: Alan Ross Ltd, page 301:

     ‘Eff. You. En,’ said Mr Banstead. ‘Fun! […]’

   • 2004, Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, page 170:

     It said, in a whispering, buzzing voice, "Gee-you-ess-ess-ay-dash-em-ee-ar-ar-wye-dash-em-eye-en-gee-oh-dash-pee-eye-pee-dash-pee-ee-ar-ar-wye-dash-pee-eye-en-gee-oh."

   • 2019, Anand Ranganathan, Chitra Subramaniam, The Rat Eater, Bloomsbury India, →ISBN:

     ‘S-S-C…sitting on a tree…eff-you-cee-kay-i-en-ji.’

別の表記

• u

派生語

• doubleyou

参照

代名詞

you

1. alternative form of yow

語源 2

代名詞

you

1. (Northern, Northeast Midland) alternative form of þou

間投詞

(You)

1. (4chan slang, derogatory) Used to dismissively imply that a poster is baiting for engagement.

名詞

(You) (plural (You)s)

1. (4chan slang, derogatory) A mention; engagement; used when implying that a poster is baiting for engagement.

   fishing for (You)s

   here's your (You)