fumeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /fjuːm/
• 韻: -uːm

名詞

fume (複数形 fumes)

1. A gas or vapour/vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale.

   Don't stand around in there breathing the fumes while the adhesive cures.

   • 1753, Thomas Warton, Ode

     the fumes of new-shorn hay

2. A material that has been vaporized from the solid or liquid state to the gas state and re-coalesced to the solid state.

   Lead fume is a greyish powder, mainly comprising lead sulfate.

3. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control.
   • 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), 6th edition, London: […] J[ames] Bettenham, for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1727, OCLC 21766567:

     The Fumes of his Passion do as really intoxicate and confound his judging and discerning Faculty , as the Fumes of Drink discompose and stupify the Brain of a Man over - charged with it.

   • 1855 December – 1857 June, Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, OCLC 83401042:

     In his execution of this mission, Mr Tinkler perhaps expressed that Mr Dorrit was in a raging fume.

4. Anything unsubstantial or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.
   • a. 1627 (date written)​, Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a VVarre vvith Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, OCLC 557721855:

     a show of fumes and fancies

5. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.
   • 1638, Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy

     to smother him with fumes and eulogies

6. (obsolete) A passionate person.

使用する際の注意点

• In the sense of strong-smelling or dangerous vapor, the noun is typically plural, as in the example.

動詞

fume (三人称単数 現在形 fumes, 現在分詞 fuming, 過去形および過去分詞形 fumed)

1. (transitive) To expose (something) to fumes; specifically, to expose wood, etc., to ammonia in order to produce dark tints.
2. (transitive) To apply or offer incense to.
   • 1740, John Dyer, “The Ruins of Rome. A Poem.”, in Poems. [...] Viz. I. Grongar Hill. II. The Ruins of Rome. III. The Fleece, in Four Books, London: Printed by John Hughs, for Messrs. R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1759, OCLC 991281870, pages 42–43:

     Tyrian garbs, / Neptunian Albion's high teſtaceous food [i.e., oysters], / And flavour'd Chian wines with incenſe fum'd / To ſlake Patrician thirſt: for theſe, their rights / In the vile ſtreets they proſtitute to ſale; / Their ancient rights, their dignities, their laws, / Their native glorious freedom.

3. (intransitive) To emit fumes.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

     where the golden altar fumed

   • a. 1686, Earl of Roscommon [i.e., Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon]; Samuel Johnson, “Virgil’s Sixth Eclogue, Silenus”, in The Works of the English Poets. With Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, […], volume X (The Poems of Rochester, Roscommon, かつ Yalden), London: […] E. Cox; for C. Bathurst, […], published 1779, page 234, OCLC 4254798:

     Young Chromis and Mnaſylus chanc'd to ſtray / Where (ſleeping in a cave) Silenus lay, / Whoſe conſtant cups fly fuming to his brain, / And always boil in each extended vein; / His truſty flaggon, full of potent juice, / Was hanging by, worn thin with age and uſe; [...]

4. (intransitive) To pass off in fumes or vapours.
   • 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], OCLC 1118497469:

     whose parts are kept from fuming away, not only by their fixity […]

5. (intransitive, figuratively) To express or feel great anger.

   He’s still fuming about the argument they had yesterday.

   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “Palamon and Arcite: Or, The Knight’s Tale. In Three Books.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 228732415:

     He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.

   • 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “(please specify the introduction または canto number, または chapter name)”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, OCLC 270129616:

     Her mother did fret, and her father did fume.

6. (intransitive, figuratively) To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.
   • c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i]:

     Keep his brain fuming.

Latin

名詞

fūme

1. vocative singular of fūmus