「家士世」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(2ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

その世相の中、一部の弓術家らは各々自宅道場を開く等、根強く弓術の存続に力を注ぎ、やがて武士道の再認識がされるなど次第に庶民の間で武術・武道が見直され初めた。例文帳に追加

In spite of such this, some Kyujutsu-ka stove greatly to survive and opened training halls in each house, so that martial arts began to be revalued gradually among the common people, and this included a revaluation of Bushido (the spirit of the samurai).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

宇陀紙は、吉野ので漉かれた杉原紙（中世の武士社会に最も流通した中葉の楮紙で、本家播磨の杉原紙を各地で模造した）を源としており、江戸でも多く流通し江戸からかみに用いられた。例文帳に追加

Uda-gami originates from the Sugihara-gami (Sugihara paper) (a moderately thin kozo paper which was distributed mostly in the samurai society in medieval times and imitated the Sugihara-gami of the originator in the Harima Province), and was distributed greatly in Edo and used for Edo karakami.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その要因として、17世紀頃までに「印籠」・「根付」のセット普及が、高級武士・公家から茶道・商人・町人までに及び、その粋なファッション表現が昇華されたから、と考えられる。例文帳に追加

The reason is considered that by the 17th century sets of 'inro' and 'netsuke' had spread not only among higher-ranking samurai and court nobles but also among people involved in tea ceremony culture, as well as merchants and townspeople, as an expression of style.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

「三州御治世要覧」によると、小姓与格や新番格の武士が地頭に就任すると、家格を「代々小番」に昇格させることができる特権があった。例文帳に追加

According to 'Sanshu Gochisei Yoran' (Summary History of Satsuma, Osumi and Hyuga Provinces), low ranking samurai who served as lackeys and servants were given the privilege of being promoted to the rank of hereditary guard if they were appointed as land stewards.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

坂本龍馬暗殺事件について新選組のアリバイを主張、後世の新選組研究家たちに影響を与えたが、新選組の同時代資料では彼の在籍を確認出来ず、現在では自称「隊士」であるとされている。例文帳に追加

He had an alibi for the Shinsengumi concerning the assassination of Ryoma SAKAMOTO and influenced researchers studying Shinsengumi, but is currently labeled as a self-proclaimed 'soldier' since his registration in manuscripts of Shinsengumi during that period was not confirmed.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この他にも織田信長をはじめ、五山の碩学として多くの公家・武士らと交流したが、自身はあまり世に出るのを望まず、住職として妙智院で隠棲し、天竜寺の護持に務めた。例文帳に追加

In addition, he had exchanges with many kuge (court noble) and samurai such as Nobunaga ODA as a great scholar of gozan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government), but he did not want to come out, so that he had a secluded life as the chief priest of the Myochi-in Temple and tried to defend the Tenryu-ji Temple.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

東大卒の法学士、恒川陽一郎との恋愛・結婚では世間をあっと言わせたが、恒川は数年後に病死し、建築家の岡田信一郎と再婚。例文帳に追加

Although her romance and marriage with Yoichiro TSUNEKAWA, who graduated from Tokyo Imperial University with a bachelor's degree in law, astonished the world, Tsunekawa died of an illness a few years later and she was remarried to an architect Shinichiro OKADA.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

歴史学の分野からは、仏教的合理性を身につけた武士等の精神世界を王朝国家が再編成する手法として再評価されている。例文帳に追加

In the field of history, Chusei Nihongi is reevaluated as a good approach for the system of the dynasty state to reorganize the spiritual world of the warrior class and others, who acquired Buddhist-like rationalism.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、当初は現地の有力武士が任じられる事が多かった守護の人選も次第に足利将軍家の一族や譜代、功臣の世襲へと変更されていく。例文帳に追加

Moreover, originally the shugo were often selected from the powerful samurais in the local area, but the change was gradually made to select from the descents of the Ashikaga shogun family, the Fudai (hereditary vassals) or the meritorious retainer.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

日本の中世期においては、幕府の地頭、御家人、その郎党といった正規の武士以外に地侍（土豪）、野伏、農民等も武装していた。例文帳に追加

In the medieval period of Japan, not only regular samurai who were jito (land steward appointed by the central military government to each of the estates [shoen] into which the countryside was divided), gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) and other roto (retainers) but also jizamurai (local samurai [or dogo: local ruling family]), nobushi (unofficial warrior hidden in a forest) and farmers were armed.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

『今昔物語集』の「摂津守満仲出家せる語」には500との数もあるが、それは『今昔物語集』が書かれた12世紀初めの段階での当時最大の都の武士団の印象を元にした誇張・文飾だとされる。例文帳に追加

The story of Mitsunaka, the lord of Settsu Province' in "Konjaku Monogatari Shu" stated 500, but it is assumed to be just an exaggeration and flowery words following the impression of bushidan of the biggest capital back in early twelfth century when "Konjaku Monogatari Shu" was written.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

源平の争乱を生き抜き、少なくともその時期に武士となり、鎌倉時代に御家人、源平の争乱となった者、一部の荘園の下司について以外に、後世に記録が残っていないことを考慮する必要がある。例文帳に追加

It is necessary to take into consideration that there should be no records of previous generations, except for records of those that survived the Genpei War and became bushi during that period, gokenin during Kamakura period, those who participated in the Genpei War, and followers of a lower ranked officer in some shoen.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

同様に技術系・学術系の官職においても、陰陽寮の賀茂氏・阿倍氏、大学寮紀伝道（文章博士）の菅原氏・大江氏のように家学の成立を背景とした世襲的な継承が行われるようになった。例文帳に追加

In the same way, technical and academic official positions were also held by certain clans such as the Kamo clan and Abe clan of the Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination), Sugawara clan and Oe clan of the Daigakuryo Kidendo (the study of the histories) (Bunsho hakase) with the background of the establishment of Kagaku.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

武士が政治的権力を持つ12世紀以前にはこうした区別は存在せず、荘務権を持つ本所に属する荘園・所領を該当する領主（公家・寺社）の「本所領」と称した。例文帳に追加

Before the twelfth century when bushi (warriors) came into power, there was no distinction among the estates, and shoen and shoryo belonged to honjo (owner of shoen), who has shomuken (administrative power and jurisdiction in shoen), were called 'honjo ryo' (patronage properties) of the corresponding ryoshu (estate proprietors; the court nobles, temples and shrines).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

「力士に腕を折られる」や「商家の跡取り息子が身代を潰す」等、福沢諭吉の人間性を見る上でも、当時の世相を見る上でも興味深い表現が多い。例文帳に追加

Many interesting expressions, such as "an arm broken by a sumo wrestler", or "a son of a merchant who took his father's business ruins the business", can be found in his writing, providing good insights for us to review how the society of the time worked, and to understand Fukuzawa himself.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

江戸時代になると、中世末に一度没落し大名の地位を失った武士の家系などで、主に名主となって農村に残った旧臣たちに対して、官途状を発給する習慣が残った。例文帳に追加

After the Edo period, the custom remained among samurai families who once lost the position of daimyo during the end of mediaeval period to issue Kantojo mainly to their old retainer who stayed in villages.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この『保元物語』に『平治物語』『平家物語』『承久記』を合わせた4作品は「四部の合戦状」（『平家物語勘文録』）と称され、保元から承久にいたる武士の勃興期の戦乱をひと続きのもとして理解する見方が中世からあったことが確認できる。例文帳に追加

In addition to "Hogen Monogatari," "Heiji Monogatari (The Tale of Heiji)," "Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike)" and "Jokyu Ki (A Record of Jokyu)" are known generically as 'Four Volumes of Battle Story' ("Heike Monogatari Kanbunroku (Report)," which confirms that in the Middle Ages the manner of taking these battles in the periods of Hogen to Jokyu--a period of warriors' uprisings--as a series of incidents had already existed.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

近世ノ作法、仏の懸記ニタガハズコソ、仏ノ弟子ナヲ仏意ニ背ク、マシテ在家俗士堂塔ヲ建立スル、多ハ名聞ノ為メ、若ハ家ノカザリトス、或ハ是レニヨリテ利ヲエ、或ハ酒宴ノ座席、詩歌ノ会所トシテ、無礼ノ事多シ例文帳に追加

The modern customs are shameful to the Buddhist record written about the future, and the students of Buddhism turned away from the will of the Buddha as the samurai of existing families built a tower, young men decorated their houses in order to have his name heard many times, gained profits from it, sat at drinking parties, or made it into kaisho where poetry is read, and held many rude activities.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その風潮は大学にも及んで博士の地位を世襲させるために特定の家系の家学として知識の独占を図るようになり、授業も大学寮ではなく自らの私邸を用いて限られた子弟や門人に対してのみ行われるようになった。例文帳に追加

This trend also reached Daigaku-ryo, where professors, with the aim of bequeathing the post of hakase to their descendants, tried to monopolize knowledge by denying access to education to people other than their household, and they gave lectures only to their children and a handful of disciples not at Daigaku-ryo but at their private residences.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

「武士団」の時代は、主にその院政時代以降であり、その意味では「イエ」による結合、継承は徐々に強まってはいたが、しかし後の世の「嫡流」、「本家」というような「父系家族制度」の概念に捕らわれ過ぎるとこの時代を見誤る。例文帳に追加

The period of 'bushidan' was mainly after that insei period, and the union by 'house' and inheritance became stronger gradually but will be misinterpreted if one is looking too much at 'a direct descendant' and 'honke' (the owner of the highest-graded patches of land under the stratified land ruling structure of Shoen) and 'paternal family system' notion of later generation.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、これとは別に国衙軍制で武装を朝廷や国衙から公認された「下級貴族（諸大夫）」、「下級官人（侍）」、「有力者の家人（侍）」からなる人々が武士となり、10世紀に成立した「新式の武芸」を家芸とし、武装集団を組織した。例文帳に追加

Apart from those soldiers, the people including 'lower-ranking nobles' (shodaibu), 'lower-ranking government officials' (samurai), 'lower-ranking government officials of influential families' (samurai), who were officially approved to arm themselves in the kokuga forces system by the Imperial Court or kokuga (provincial government office compounds), became warriors, organizing an armed group with 'the new-type military art' which was established in the 10th century.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

近年、中世国家の東西境界周辺の得宗被官である、西の千竈氏と東の安東氏の比較検討研究が進み、ともに中央部の武士団に比べて所領面積が広大であり、国家の境界外に及んでいる点が指摘されている。例文帳に追加

Recent years, comparative studies on the Chikama clan in the West and the Ando clan in the East, both of which were Tokuso's bureaucrats taking charge of the respective peripheral border in the east and in the west of the medieval nation, have developed and it is revealed that both of them had a huge extension of the territory compared with the samurai groups in the center, and their territories were even reaching outside the national territory.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

当時の武士階級では衆道は武士の嗜みともいわれるほど一般的であり、主君の寵童出身であることは出世への近道でもあったが（その例として織田信長‐前田利家など、上杉景勝‐清野長範、伊達政宗‐片倉重綱・只野作十郎が挙げられる）、直政は衆道をあまり好まなかった家康が唯一愛した男性だとも言われている。例文帳に追加

It is said Naomasa was the only man Ieyasu, who didn't much like homosexuality, loved; though homosexuality was so common in samurai society at that time that it was regarded as one of a samurai's accomplishments, and being loved by a lord was the fastest way to advance (other examples include Nobunaga ODA and Toshiie MAEDA, Kagekatsu UESUGI and Naganori KIYONO, Masamune DATE and Shigetsuna KATAKURA/Sakujuro TADANO).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

そして職業身分とは、平安時代後期の上層階級での社会的分業が、「イヘ」への職能として固定し、その文士、例えば陰陽の家とかいう形で「芸能」としての家業が固定され、官職までが世襲されるようになる段階で、同様に武士という職業身分の類型が生まれるとする。例文帳に追加

The 'job rank' referred to the specialized social job of the upper class during the late Heian period such as the writer or the house of yin-yang where the job function of 'art' became fixed to a 'house' as a family business, the court position became hereditary, at the same time as a similar form of bushi social rank was born.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

子には隻眼の剣士として有名な長男の柳生三厳（十兵衛）、家光の寵愛を受けたが父に先立って早世した柳生友矩、父の死後まもなく没した三厳に代わって将軍家師範役を継いだ柳生宗冬、菩提寺芳徳寺の第一世住持となった列堂義仙の4子が知られる。例文帳に追加

His four children were as follows: Mitsuyoshi YAGYU (Jubei), the eldest son, well-known as a one-eyed swordsman; Tomonori YAGYU, who won Iemitsu's favor, and died young before his father; Munefuyu YAGYU, who succeeded to the post of sword instructor to the Shogun family in place of Mitsuyoshi who died soon after his father's death; Gisen RETSUDO, who became the first chief priest of Hotoku-ji Temple, a family temple of the Yagyu clan.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

それに対して、川本利恵、中村充一「正座の源流」（東京家政大学紀要第39号　1999年）では、この座り方そのものは「日本諸事要録」（1583年）の記載から、16世紀後半にはすでに下級武士や農民にまで浸透していたことを指摘している。例文帳に追加

On the other hand, 'Origin of Seiza' by Rie KAWAMOTO and Michikazu NAKAMURA (Tokyo Kasei University Journal, No. 39, 1999) points out that, judging from descriptions contained in 'Sumario de las cosas de Japon' (1583), this style of sitting was common among lower-ranking samurai and peasants in the late 16th century.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

中世期の武士・在地領主は、ある者は国衙から郡司職・郷司職・保司職としての地位・権利を認められ、ある者は荘園領主（本家・本所）から荘官職に任じられ、またある者は幕府から地頭職を付与された。例文帳に追加

Samurai and landlord in the medieval Japan took charge of the territorial management and ruling by assuming various posts and powers such as Gunji shiki (local headships), Goshi shiki (sub district headships) and Hoshi shiki (executive officer of an Imperial demesne) granted by Kokuga (provincial government office), and Shokan shiki (officer entrusted with local management of the private estate) granted by the lord of a private estate (family head or guarantor of manor), as well as Jito shiki (manager and lord of a private estate) granted by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

9世紀前半には律令の研究が興隆した時期であり、讃岐永直・興原敏久・額田今足・惟宗直本など多くの優れた明法家が輩出され、讃岐氏（後に和気氏）・惟宗氏（後に令宗氏）のように数代にわたって明法博士を輩出した一族もあった。例文帳に追加

In the early 9th century, the study of ritsuryo flourished and a lot of Myoho experts were produced including SANUKI no Naganao, OKIHARA no Miniku, NUKATA no Imatari, KOREMUNE no Naomoto and also clans of Myoho doctors for generations were produced including Sanuki (future Wake clan) and Koremune (future Yoshimune clan)  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

当時、武士の台頭や僧兵の横暴、公家勢力の後退などによる社会不安、天変地異・疫病・火災などの自然災害を経験した人びとは、はっきりと末法を意識するようになり、無常観や厭世観がかき立てられていった。例文帳に追加

The people who experienced public fear owing to the appearance of samurai, despotic acts by armed priest, a down fallen court noble force, and natural disasters such as extraordinary natural phenomenon, epidemics, fire became clearly aware of Mappo, and the concept of the impermanence or a pessimistic view of life among the population was intensified.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

農学者で思想家の新渡戸稲造は『武士道』（1900）において19世紀末の哲学や科学的思考を用いながら、島国の自然がどのようなもので、四季の移り変わりなどから影響を及ぼされた結果、社会という枠の中で日本人はどのように生きたのかを説明している。例文帳に追加

Agriculturist and thinker Inazo NITOBE explained the nature of the island country and how Japanese who lived in society were affected by the four seasons, using philosophy and scientific thinking of the late 19th century in "Bushido" (1900).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

簡単にいえば、武官は「官人として武装しており、律令官制の中で訓練を受けた常勤の公務員的存在」であるのに対して、武士は「10世紀に成立した新式の武芸を家芸とし、武装を朝廷や国府から公認された「下級貴族」、「下級官人」、「有力者の家人中世の家人」からなる人々」であって、律令官制の訓練機構で律令制式の武芸を身につけた者ではなかった。例文帳に追加

Simply speaking, military officers were 'government officials (espcially one of low to medium rank) who were armed and a full-time government [public] employee-like officials trained under the Ritsuryo-system,' while the bushi were 'the people who consisted of a 'lower ranking nobles,' 'lower ranking government officials' and 'people from powerful or medieval families' who regarded the new military art established during the 10th century as their iegei and were officially authorized to be armed by the Imperial Court or kokufu (provincial office)' and they did not acquire the military art of the Ritsuryo-system style in the training institution of the organization of the government according to the Ritsuryo codes.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

さらに、摂関家の支配が弱まり、天皇親政が復活した後三条天皇以降、源平間の形勢は次第に逆転へと向かい、父と親子二代で前九年の役、後三年の役を平定し、武功と部門の棟梁としての名声、地方武士からの信頼ともに厚かった河内源氏の源義家に対する朝廷の警戒が強まり、白河天皇の治世下においては次第に冷遇されていくようになった。例文帳に追加

Moreover, the control of the Regents was waning, direct Imperial rule was resurging following Emperor Gosanjo ascending the throne, and influence amongst the Minamoto and Heike gradually reversed: parent and child in the Earlier Nine Years' War, subjugation in the Later Three Years' War, standing of class and military leaders, increasing wariness of the Imperial Court towards the deepening trust between regional warriors and MINAMOTO no Yoriie of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), and under the rule of Emperor Shirakawa relations gradually began to grow frosty.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

こうした弱点を克服する議論として主張されはじめたのが、下向井龍彦らによって主張されているように、出現期の武士が田堵負名としての経済基盤を与えられており、11世紀の後期王朝国家に国家体制が変質した時点で、荘園公領の管理者としての領主身分を獲得したとする議論である。例文帳に追加

To overcome such weak points, Tatsuhiko SHIMOMUKAI and so on started to insist that the bushi during the early period were given an economic base as tato fumyo and when the national policy changed to the latter half of the dynasty state during the 11th century, the bushi acquired the lord status as the manager of shoen koryo.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

清公以後、博士が学生と私的な師弟関係を結ぶきっかけとなり一種の学閥の形成が進むとともに、子弟の教育に力を注いだ（勿論、後継者である是善・道真の才能による部分も大きいが）ことによって菅原氏から世襲的に文章博士が輩出されるようになったため、才用（実力）があれば家柄や人脈にとらわれず評価されるべきであると主張した都腹赤（都良香の伯父）をはじめとする他の文章博士の反感を買った。例文帳に追加

Starting with Kiyokimi, instructors at the Academy began to have personal interactions with their students as master and pupils, leading to the creation of a kind of school clique as well as a more concentrated effort by instructors like Kiyokimi truly to teach their students (of course, the contribution to this new system made by Kiyokimi's talented successors Koreyoshi and Michizane is also quite large) and as a result, the position of Monjo hakase became a more or less hereditary one, held by many from the Sugawara clan; this earned the clan the resentment of all the other Monjo hakase, especially MIYAKO no Haraaka (uncle of MIYAKO no Yoshika), who insisted that ability (real merit) should be the key to success, not birth privilege or personal connections.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

さらに11世紀に荘園公領制が成立すると、対等な権利主体となった荘園と公領（国衙領）の間に武力紛争が多発し、荘園の現地管理者である荘官、公領の現地管理者である惣司、郡司、郷司、保司には武芸の家の者たる武士が任命されるようになった。例文帳に追加

Furthermore, after the shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates) was established in the 11th century, many armed conflicts arose between the owners of shoen (private estates) and the administrators of koryo (public land, also known as kokugaryo, meaning territory governed by a provincial government office), both of whom now had equal rights; accordingly, Soji (local government officials under the ritsuryo system), Gunji (local magistrates), Goji (local government officials under the ritsuryo system), and Hoji (officers who managed koryo), all of whom were regional administrators of koryo, and Shokan (officers who managed shoen) were all appointed from samurai families.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これは南北朝時代以降、戦場への動員人数が激増して徒歩での集団戦が主体となり、騎馬戦闘を行う戦闘局面が比較的限定されるようになっても、本来の武士であるか否かは騎馬戦闘を家業とするか層か否かという基準での線引きが後世まで保持されていったためである。例文帳に追加

This is because the classification was preserved after ages, where whether he was an original bushi or not depended on whether his family business was part of the cavalry fighting or not, even though fighting by group on foot became mainstream and cavalry fighting became relatively limited at the war scenes after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts when the number of recruitments to the battlefield dramatically increased.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これは紀伝道教育が盛んであった当時の世相の反映であるが、その一方において、こうした行為は私的な師弟関係の形成と言う要素を含む事になり、菅原氏の学閥と反対する諸博士の学閥という対立抗争を生んだ他、大学寮制度の形骸化や家学の形成促進につながったと考えられている。例文帳に追加

It reflected the social conditions at the time when instruction on the Kidendo was widely offered; on the other hand, such an act was obliged to involve a private relationship between master and disciple -- It was considered that the latter fact introduced a conflict between the academic clique from the Sugawara clan and those from the hakase who opposed the Sugawara clan, and that the latter made the Daigaku-ryo system only in name and promoted the formation of hereditary learning.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

ただ、皇族・公家出身の将軍近辺のみ陰陽道に熱心なのであって、実権を持っていた執権の北条一族は必ずしも陰陽道にこだわりを持っておらず、配下のいわゆる関東八平氏から全国の地域地盤に由来する後に「国人」と呼ばれるようになった武士層に至るまで、朝廷代々の格式を意識したり陰陽師に行動規範を諮る習慣はなかったため、総じて陰陽師は武家社会全般を蹂躙するような精神的影響力を持つことはなく、もっぱら傀儡である皇族・公家出身将軍と、実権を失った朝廷や公卿・公家世界においてのみ、その存在感を示すにとどまった。例文帳に追加

However, only those close to the shogun who came from the Royal Family or the court noble class were devoted to Onmyodo, whereas, the Regent Hojo clan was indifferent and, from Bando hachi Heishi (the Taira clan in Eastern Japan) to the class of warriors originating from all regions throughout the country who later became known as 'kokujin' (people of the country) serving under the Hojo clan were not interested in prestige of the Imperial Court nor were they in the habit of consulting onmyoji on the code of conduct, onmyoji never acquired the power of spiritual influence to trample on the entire samurai class, limiting their visibility to within the powerless Imperial Court as well as the world of kugyo and court nobles.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

ただし、寺院と神社では支配の傾向に違いがあり、寺院では荘園領主としての権限が複数の職の体系に分割されずに一元的な支配が行われるか、寺院本体とそこに属する院家の間で分割され、他者の参入を防ごうとしたが、14世紀になると武士による侵略に晒されたために、寺院周辺の荘園における直務支配を強化して確実に加地子得分の確保を目指すようになった。例文帳に追加

The state of rule differed between the temple and shrine -- In the temples, the right of shoen ryoshu (estate proprietor) was not divided into multiple positions in a system and the estate was put under centralized control, or alternatively, the right was divided between the main temple and inge (temple next in rank of monzeki that had imperial connections), that belonged to the main temple, to prevent an invasion from outside; but in fourteenth century, as the temples were exposed to invasions of bushi, the temples enhanced its direct rule in the shoen near the precinct of the temple to secure its kajishi (additional tax).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、上奏する資格も平安時代中期以後には天文博士を世襲した阿倍氏と局務の中原氏の両家のみに限定されるようになっていく（なお、中原氏の天文密奏は醍醐天皇の時代の中原以忠（後に天禄2年（972年）に宗家の中原有象とともに中原のカバネを与えられて同氏の祖となる）に遡り、同氏本来の外記の職務とは別に同氏が家学としていた明経道の出典である漢籍には天文現象の解釈に関する記述が含まれていることが多く、天文道に通じた人物を輩出することが多かった事によるとされている）。例文帳に追加

After the mid Heian period, such direct access to the emperor was only allowed to the Abe clan whose hereditary occupation was tenmon hakase and the Nakahara clan which was kyokumu (the chief secretary of the Daijokan, or Grand Council of State); incidentally, the Nakahara clan had assumed the role of tenmon misso from Mochitada NAKAHARA in the tenure of Emperor Daigo (afterwards in 972, he was granted the family name of NAKAHARA along with Uzo NAKAHARA [中原有象] of the head family and originated the clan), allegedly because, besides the clan's hereditary occupation of Geki [Secretary of the Grand Council of State], it inherited the family learning of Myogo-do [the study of Confucian classics] and used many Chinese classics as source books, many of which contained elucidation of astronomical phenomena so that the clan produced many persons well versed in tenmondo.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

藤原有陰に招かれて近江に赴いた際、穀蔵院の使者である伴世継と行き会い、悪夢を見たと言う伴世継が弓削是雄に占ってもらい対策をしてもらって九死に一生を得たという話（今昔物語「天文博士弓削是雄、夢を占ふ語」）や、陰陽頭在任時に、60歳を過ぎてもいまだに試験に合格せず僧侶の位がなかなか得られない修行者を憐れんで、何とか試験に合格させてやろうと呪術を用いて立会の試験官を排除してしまい、仲の良かった三善清行の一存でその高齢修行者を合格させてやったという話（善家異説）などが知られている。例文帳に追加

A story where, at the invitation of FUJIWARA no Arikage, YUGE no Koreo visited Omi where he met an emissary of Kokuzoin TOMO no Yotsugi, and YUGE no Koreo saved the life of TOMO by performing divination and taking countermeasures against a nightmare TOMO had ('Tenmon Hakase YUGE no Koreo divined a dream,' Konjaku Monogatari) and another story where, out of compassion for a trainee monk, over 60 years old, who had yet to pass an exam to become a monk, YUGE no Koreo eliminated the observing examiner by using magic in an attempt to help the trainee monk pass the exam and the trainee monk passed the exam at the discretion of Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI who was a good friend of YUGE no Koreo (Zenke isetsu); these stories are well known.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

パーネルは死んだ残忍な偽善者どもの手にかかり僕らの無冠の王は死んだ嘆く、嘆く、悲しみのエリン泥沼から引き上げてやった臆病な犬どもに彼は殺されたエリンの希望もエリンの夢もその君主の積みまきの上に滅びた御殿にあろうとも、小屋にあろうとも悲しみにひしがれるアイルランドの心その運命をもたらすはずの彼が逝ってしまったから彼あらば世界にエリンの名を知らしめ栄光の緑の旗をはためかせ政治家たち、詩人たち、戦士たちの立ち上がったものを彼は自由を夢見た悲しいかな、夢にすぎなかった偶像をつかもうとしたその時裏切りが彼と愛するものを引き離した恥を知れ、臆病者彼らの君主を襲い媚を売る聖職者衆に売り渡した卑劣漢ども永遠の恥辱よ、焼き尽くせ誇りをもって彼らをはねつけた人の高貴の名を汚し傷つけた者どもの記憶を最後まで気高く屈せずに倒れた強き人死が彼を今は亡きエリンの英雄たちと一つにした彼の眠りを乱す争いはなし！静かに彼は休む彼を栄光へと駆り立てる人としての苦悩も大望も今はない彼らは思い通り彼を殺したしかしエリンは望む、彼の魂よ炎から不死鳥のように舞い上がれとその日の夜の明ける時自由の御代が僕らにもたらされるその日、エリンよ、挙げよ喜びの杯を悲しみのためにパーネルの思い出のために例文帳に追加

O, Erin, mourn with grief and woeFor he lies dead whom the fell gangOf modern hypocrites laid low.He lies slain by the coward houndsHe raised to glory from the mire;And Erin's hopes and Erin's dreamsPerish upon her monarch's pyre.In palace, cabin or in cotThe Irish heart where'er it beIs bowed with woe--for he is goneWho would have wrought her destiny.He would have had his Erin famed,The green flag gloriously unfurled,Her statesmen, bards and warriors raisedBefore the nations of the World.He dreamed (alas, 'twas but a dream!)Of Liberty: but as he stroveTo clutch that idol, treacherySundered him from the thing he loved.Shame on the coward, caitiff handsThat smote their Lord or with a kissBetrayed him to the rabble-routOf fawning priests--no friends of his.May everlasting shame consumeThe memory of those who triedTo befoul and smear the exalted nameOf one who spurned them in his pride.He fell as fall the mighty ones,Nobly undaunted to the last,And death has now united himWith Erin's heroes of the past.No sound of strife disturb his sleep!Calmly he rests: no human painOr high ambition spurs him nowThe peaks of glory to attain.They had their way: they laid him low.But Erin, list, his spirit mayRise, like the Phoenix from the flames,When breaks the dawning of the day,The day that brings us Freedom's reign.And on that day may Erin wellPledge in the cup she lifts to JoyOne grief--the memory of Parnell.  - James Joyce『アイビーデイの委員会室』