Dicoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

接尾辞

-dicō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -dicus

別の表記

• deicō (archaic)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈdiː.koː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈdiː.ko]

動詞

dīcō (present infinitive dīcere, perfect active dīxī, supine dictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative

1. to say, talk, speak, utter, mention

   Synonyms: aiō, for, effor, inquam, ōrō, alloquor, loquor

   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 640:

     Atque aliquis dīcat, “Nīl prōmovēris.”

     And someone might say, “You will have accomplished nothing.”

   • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Cato Maior de Senectute 12.42:

     Impedit enim cōnsilium voluptās; ratiōnī inimīca est; mentīs, ut ita dīcam, praestringit oculōs; nec habet ūllum cum virtūte commercium.

     For pleasure hinders judgment; it is an enemy to reason; it blinds, so to speak, the eyes of the mind; nor has it any connection with virtue.
     (“So that I may speak thus”; English equivalents: “so to speak" or “as it were”. Since the abstract mind or intellect does not literally have eyes to see, Cicero includes this phrase as a “softener” or a “hedging” expression for rhetorical effect.)

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.204–205:

     dīcitur ante ārās media inter nūmina dīvum
     multa Iovem manibus supplex ōrāsse supīnīs

     It is said [that King Iarbas] – before the altars, amid divine presences all around – often prostrated himself, with hands raised in supplication, to implore Jupiter.

   • c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Genesis.1.3:

     dixitque Deus fiat lux et facta est lux

     And God said: Be light made. And light was made.

   Salūtem dīcit. ― He says hi. (literally, “He says health.”)

2. to declare, state
   1. to affirm, assert (positively)

      Synonyms: aiō, fīgō, contendō

3. to tell
   • c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 3.4.90–91:

     Eho dic mihi, quis illic igitur est?

     Hey? Tell me, who is he then?

4. to appoint, name, nominate (to an office)
5. to call, name
   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 1.5–7:

     Ante mare et terrās et quod tegit omnia caelum
     ūnus erat tōtō nātūrae vultus in orbe,
     quem dīxēre chaos: […]

     Before the sea and the lands and the sky that covers over all things,
     there was one face of nature in the whole world,
     which they called chaos: […]

6. (law, sometimes followed by ad) to plead (before)
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 1.4:

     […] : per eōs nē causam dīceret sē ēripuit.

     [Orgetorix invited thousands of supporters to his trial]: by means of these [men], he saved himself from having to plead [his] case.

7. to mean, speak in reference to, refer to

Conjugation

Pre-Classical.
At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

派生語

派生した語

語源 2

According to de Vaan, possibly a back-formation from from compounds in -dicāre, such as iūdicō, iūdicāre (“to judge”). There is evidence of a corresponding first-conjugation verb in Umbrian, provided that 𐌕𐌉𐌊𐌀𐌌𐌍𐌄 (tikamne) derives from Proto-Italic *dik-ā-m(e)n-o-.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈdɪ.koː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈdiː.ko]

動詞

dicō (present infinitive dicāre, perfect active dicāvī, supine dicātum); first conjugation

1. to dedicate, devote

   Synonyms: dēdicō, sacrō, addīcō, sanciō, voveō

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 6.12:

     Ei, qui propter veteres inimicitias nullo modo cum Aeduis coniungi poterant, se Remis in clientelam dicabant.

     Those, who because of old animosities could not join with the Aedui, dedicated themselves as clients to the Remi.

2. to consecrate, deify

   Synonyms: cōnsecrō, sanciō

   Antonym: exaugurō

3. to appropriate to, devote to, assign to, set apart for

Conjugation

派生語

派生した語

• → Portuguese: dicar

参照

• “dico”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “dico”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "dico", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “dico”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to appoint a date for an interview: diem dicere colloquio
    
  • to whisper something in a person's ears: in aurem alicui dicere (insusurrare) aliquid
    
  • I heard him say..: ex eo audivi, cum diceret
    
  • every one says: vulgo dicitur, pervulgatum est
    
  • give me your opinion: dic quid sentias
    
  • to speak the truth, admit the truth: verum dicere, profiteri
    
  • to be truthful in all one's statements: omnia ad veritatem dicere
    
  • to have a superficial knowledge, a smattering of literature, of the sciences: primis (ut dicitur) or primoribus labris gustare or attingere litteras
    
  • to contradict some one: dicere contra aliquem or aliquid (not contradicere alicui)
    
  • they say; it is commonly said: tradunt, dicunt, ferunt
    
  • to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere
    
  • to speak very fluently: copiose dicere
    
  • to speak well, elegantly: ornate dicere
    
  • to speak frankly, independently: libere dicere (Verr. 2. 72. 176)
    
  • to speak openly, straightforwardly: plane, aperte dicere
    
  • to speak in clear, expressive language: perspicue, diserte dicere
    
  • to speak without circumlocution: missis ambagibus dicere
    
  • to be a persuasive speaker: accommodate ad persuadendum dicere
    
  • (1) to speak vehemently, passionately; (2) to speak pompously, boastfully: magnifice loqui, dicere
    
  • to speak at great length on a subject, discuss very fully: fusius, uberius, copiosius disputare, dicere de aliqua re
    
  • to read a speech: de scripto orationem habere, dicere (opp. sine scripto, ex memoria)
    
  • I said it in jest: haec iocatus sum, per iocum dixi
    
  • to be witty: facete dicere
    
  • to indulge in apt witticisms: facete et commode dicere
    
  • to make jokes on a person: dicta dicere in aliquem
    
  • to say in earnest..: serio dicere (Plaut. Bacch. 1. 1. 42)
    
  • to say only a few words: pauca dicere (pauca verba dicere only of the orator)
    
  • the word amicitia comes from amare: nomen amicitiae (or simply amicitia) dicitur ab amando
    
  • to be used in speaking of a thing: in aliqua re dici
    
  • anger is defined as a passionate desire for revenge: iracundiam sic (ita) definiunt, ut ulciscendi libidinem esse dicant or ut u. libido sit or iracundiam sic definiunt, ulc. libidinem
    
  • the word aemulatio is employed with two meanings, in a good and a bad sense: aemulatio dupliciter dicitur, ut et in laude et in vitio hoc nomen sit
    
  • as the proverb says: ut or quod or quomodo aiunt, ut or quemadmodum dicitur
    
  • Cicero says in his 'Laelius.: Cicero dicit in Laelio (suo) or in eo (not suo) libro, qui inscribitur Laelius
    
  • our (not noster) author tells us at this point: scriptor hoc loco dicit
    
  • Cicero says this somewhere: Cicero loco quodam haec dicit
    
  • to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted: de gradu deici, ut dicitur
    
  • to love some one very dearly, with all one's heart: aliquem toto pectore, ut dicitur, amare (Leg. 18. 49)
    
  • to tell lies: mendacium dicere
    
  • to tell lies: falsa (pro veris) dicere
    
  • to greet a person: salutem alicui dicere, impertire, nuntiare
    
  • Cicero sends cordial greetings to Atticus: Cicero Attico S.D.P. (salutem dicit plurimam)
    
  • to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman): repudium dicere or scribere alicui
    
  • to support a bill (before the people): pro lege dicere
    
  • to name a person dictator: dictatorem dicere (creare)
    
  • a dictator appoints a magister equitum: dictator dicit (legit) magistrum equitum
    
  • to give an opinion (also used of a judge, cf. sect. VI. 4): sententiam dicere
    
  • to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius dicere
    
  • to summon some one to appear on a given day; to accuse a person: diem dicere alicui
    
  • to give evidence on some one's behalf: testimonium dicere pro aliquo
    
  • to state as evidence: pro testimonio dicere
    
  • to address the court (of the advocate): causam dicere, orare (Brut. 12. 47)
    
  • to defend oneself before the judge (of the accused): causam dicere
    
  • to defend a person: causam dicere pro aliquo
    
  • to give sentence (of the judge, cf. sect. VI. 4, note Not...): sententiam ferre, dicere (Off. 3. 16. 66)
    
  • to take the military oath: sacramentum (o) dicere (vid. sect. XI. 2, note sacramentum...)
    
  • to dictate the terms of peace to some one: pacis condiciones dare, dicere alicui (Liv. 29. 12)
    
  • to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
    
  • I will only say this much..: tantum or unum illud or hoc dico
    
  • this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc dici potest de aliqua re
    
  • I said en passant, by the way: dixi quasi praeteriens or in transitu
    
  • I have said it a thousand times: sexcenties, millies dixi
    
  • (ambiguous) as I said above: ut supra (opp. infra) diximus, dictum est
    
  • I cannot find words for..: dici vix (non) potest or vix potest dici (vix like non always before potest)
    
  • I avoid mentioning...; I prefer not to touch upon..: supersedeo oratione (not dicere)
    
  • I avoid mentioning...; I prefer not to touch upon..: omitto dicere
    
  • (ambiguous) this I have to say: haec habeo dicere or habeo quae dicam
    
  • he spoke (very much) as follows: haec (fere) dixit
    
  • the tenor of his speech was this..: hanc in sententiam dixit
    
  • which I can say without offence, arrogance: quod non arroganter dixerim
    
  • allow me to say: pace tua dixerim or dicere liceat
    
  • allow me to say: bona (cum) venia tua dixerim
    
  • (ambiguous) so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..: ac (sed) de ... satis dixi, dictum est
    
  • (ambiguous) a short, pointed witticism: breviter et commode dictum
    
  • (ambiguous) a witticism, bon mot: facete dictum
    
  • (ambiguous) a far-fetched joke: arcessitum dictum (De Or. 2. 63. 256)
    
  • (ambiguous) so to speak (used to modify a figurative expression): ut ita dicam
    
  • (ambiguous) not to mention..: ut non (nihil) dicam de...
    
  • (ambiguous) to say nothing further on..: ut plura non dicam
    
  • (ambiguous) not to say... (used in avoiding a stronger expression): ne dicam
    
  • (ambiguous) to say the least..: ne (quid) gravius dicam
    
  • (ambiguous) to put it briefly: ut breviter dicam
    
  • (ambiguous) to use the mildest expression: ut levissime dicam (opp. ut gravissimo verbo utar)
    
  • (ambiguous) to express myself more plainly: ut planius dicam
    
  • (ambiguous) to put it more exactly: ut verius dicam
    
  • (ambiguous) to say once for all: ut semel or in perpetuum dicam
    
  • (ambiguous) I will give you my true opinion: dicam quod sentio
    
  • (ambiguous) as I said above: ut supra (opp. infra) diximus, dictum est
    
  • (ambiguous) this I have to say: haec habeo dicere or habeo quae dicam
    
  • (ambiguous) so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..: ac (sed) de ... satis dixi, dictum est
    
  • (ambiguous) there is something in what you say; you are more or less right: aliquid (τι) dicis (opp. nihil dicis)
    
  • (ambiguous) what do you mean: quorsum haec (dicis)?
    
  • (ambiguous) it is incredible: monstra dicis, narras
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag