eclipseとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Old French eclipse, from Latin eclīpsis, from Ancient Greek ἔκλειψις (ékleipsis, “eclipse”), from ἐκλείπω (ekleípō, “I abandon, go missing, vanish”), from ἐκ (ek, “out”) and λείπω (leípō, “I leave behind”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɪˈklɪps/, /iˈklɪps/
• 韻: -ɪps
• ハイフネーション: eclipse

名詞

eclipse (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 eclipses)

1. (astronomy) An alignment of astronomical objects whereby one object comes between the observer (または notional observer) and another object, thus obscuring the latter.
2. Especially, an alignment whereby a planetary object (for example, the Moon) comes between the Sun and another planetary object (for example, the Earth), resulting in a shadow being cast by the middle planetary object onto the other planetary object.
3. (ornithology) A seasonal state of plumage in some birds, notably ducks, adopted temporarily after the breeding season and characterised by a dull and scruffy appearance.
4. Obscurity, decline, downfall.
   • a. 1618, Walter Raleigh, quoted in Eclipse, entry in 1805, Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language, Volume 2, unnumbered page,

     All the posterity of our first parents suffered a perpetual eclipse of spiritual life.

   • 1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Prometheus Unbound”, in The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, published 1839, page 340:

     As in the soft and sweet eclipse,
     When soul meets soul on lovers' lips.

   • 1929, M. Barnard Eldershaw, A House is Built, Chapter VIII, Section ii:

     Nor were the wool prospects much better. The pastoral industry, which had weathered the severe depression of the early forties by recourse to boiling down the sheep for their tallow, and was now firmly re-established as the staple industry of the colony, was threatened once more with eclipse.

   • 1943, Fredric Brown, The Geezenstacks:

     Aubrey was rapturous. All her other playthings went into eclipse and the doings of the Geezenstacks occupied most of her waking thoughts.

派生語

関連する語

参考

• �� (solar eclipse symbol), �� (lunar eclipse symbol)
• occultation
• syzygy

Further reading

• eclipse on Wikipedia.

動詞

eclipse (三人称単数 現在形 eclipses, 現在分詞 eclipsing, 過去形および過去分詞形 eclipsed)

1. (transitive) Of astronomical or atmospheric bodies, to cause an eclipse.

   The Moon eclipsed the Sun.

   • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 184:

     She turned to the casement on which the moon was shining; for the high wind had driven aside the clouds, whose huge dark masses threatened soon to eclipse the pale and dim circle of passing light.

2. (transitive, figurative) To overshadow; to be better or more noticeable than.

   Synonym: upstage

   • c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:

     For, till I see them here, by doubtful fear / My joy of liberty is half eclips'd.

   • 1638, Tho[mas] Herbert, Some Yeares Travels Into Divers Parts of Asia and Afrique. […], 2nd edition, London: […] R[ichard] Bi[sho]p for Iacob Blome and Richard Bishop, →OCLC, book II, page 206:

     [H]is ſupercilious glances grevv humbled, yea, his dazeling ſplendor (eclipſt in the ſetting [i.e., death] of his Maſter) becomes quickly darkned: […]

   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Coronation”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 8:

     I wish I could prevail on Ethel to come up to London, if it were but for the sake of eclipsing her rival. I will stand godmother to the town's admiration, and promise and vow three things in its name:—first, that she will forget her faithless swain in the multitude of new ones; secondly, that she will be universally ran after; and, thirdly, that she will be brilliantly married.

   • 1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume I, London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC, phase the first (The Maiden), page 25:

     The name of the eclipsing girl, whatever it was, has not been handed down; but she was envied by all as the first who enjoyed the luxury of a masculine partner that evening.

   • 2005, Sean Campbell, Introducing Microsoft Visual Basic 2005 for developers, page 56:

     The Util.System namespace eclipses the top-level System namespace.

   • 2007, Cincinnati Magazine, page 81:

     Everything about her year-old restaurant […] reflects her love of bringing people to the table for good, simple food that's not eclipsed by bells and whistles.

3. (Irish grammar) To undergo eclipsis.

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eˈkliːp.se/, [ɛˈklʲiːps̠ɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /eˈklip.se/, [eˈklipse]

名詞

eclīpse

1. ablative singular of eclīpsis