英和和英

語源

The verb is derived from Late 中期英語 reviven, revyven (“to recover from illness; to regain consciousness; to return to life after death; to happen again, recur; to be rejuvenated, renewed; (figurative) to bring back; (alchemy) of a metal: to be restored to its original form”), from Anglo-Norman reviver, revivre (“to return to life after death; to rejuvenate, renew; to make (a law or legal document) valid again”), Middle French revivre, and Old French revivre (“to return to life after death; to rejuvenate, renew”) (modern French revivre), and directly from their etymon Latin revīvere, the present active infinitive of revīvō (“to live again”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + vīvō (“to be alive, survive; to live”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)).

The noun is derived from the verb.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɹɪˈvaɪv/
• (General American) IPA: /ɹəˈvaɪv/, /ɹi-/
• 韻: -aɪv
• ハイフネーション: re‧vive

動詞

revive (third-person singular simple present revives, present participle reviving, simple past and past participle revived)

1. (transitive)
   1. To cause (a person or animal) to recover from a faint; to cause (a person or animal) to return to a state of consciousness.

      Near-synonym: rescue

      Her grandmother said that if she lost consciousness, she would not want to be revived.

      The dying puppy was revived by a soft hand.

      • 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, page 283:

        This VVater reviv'd his Father more than all the Rum or Spirits I had given him; for he vvas juſt fainting vvith Thirſt.

      • 1912 October, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Tarzan of the Apes”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as “The Outpost of the World”, in Tarzan of the Apes, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, June 1914, →OCLC, pages 336–337:

        [H]e […] realized that he had shot his friend and protector, Tarzan of the Apes. […] Soon the cool water revived him, and presently he opened his eyes to look in questioning surprise at D'Arnot.

   2. To bring (a person or animal which is dead) back to life.

      Synonyms: reanimate, resurrect

      • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 22, page 224:

        And in her cheekes the vermeill red did ſhevv / Like roſes in a bed of lilies ſhed, / The vvhich ambroſiall odours from them threvv, / And gazers ſence vvith double pleaſure fed, / Hable to heale the ſicke, and to reuiue the ded.

      • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], signature G, verso:

        [T]he King is vveary / Of daintie and ſuch picking greeuances, / For he hath found, to end one doubt by death, / Reuiues tvvo greater in the heires of life: […]

      • 1655, Thomas Fuller, “The Tenth Century”, in The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, book II, page 129:

        I remember not in Scripture that God ever revived a brute Beaſt; partly, becauſe ſuch mean ſubjects are beneath the Majeſty of a Miracle; and partly, becauſe (as the Apoſtle ſaith) brute Beaſts are made to be taken & deſtroyed.

      • 1711 July 2 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “THURSDAY, June 21, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 97; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 36:

        [T]hough a prince could not revive a dead man by taking the life of him who killed him, neither could he make reparation to the next that should die by the evil example; or answer to himself for the partiality in not pardoning the next as well as the former offender.

        The spelling has been modernized.

      • 1750 June 12 (date written; published 1751), T[homas] Gray, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, in Designs by Mr. R[ichard] Bentley, for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray, London: […] R[obert] Dodsley, […], published 1753, →OCLC, page 27:

        The gen'rous ſpark extinct revive, / Teach me to love and to forgive, / Exact me ovvn defects to ſcan, / VVhat others are, to feel, and knovv myſelf a Man.

      • 1776, Edward Gibbon, “The Progress of the Christian Religion, and the Sentiments, Manners, Numbers, and Condition, of the Primitive Christians”, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 471:

        By the ſame analogy it vvas inferred, that this long period of labour and contention, vvhich vvas novv almoſt elapſed, vvould be ſucceeded by a joyful Sabbath of a thouſand years; and that Chriſt, vvith the triumphant band of the ſaints and the elect vvho had eſcaped death, or vvho had been miraculouſly revived, vvould reign upon earth till the time appointed for the laſt and general reſurrection.

      • [1794], “Morning Service for the New Year”, in David Levi, transl., The Form of Prayers, for the New Year. According to the Custom of the German and Polish Jews. […], volume I, London: […] David Levi, […], →OCLC, page 52:

        Thou, O Lord! art mighty for ever: it is thou vvho reviveſt the dead, and art mighty to ſave.

      • 1818 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “On a Faded Violet”, in [Mary] Shelley, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. […], volume III, London: Edward Moxon […], published 1839, →OCLC, stanzas 1 and 3, page 156:

        The colour from the flower is gone, / Which like thy sweet eyes smiled on me; / […] / I weep—my tears revive it not. / I sigh—it breathes no more on me; […]

      • 1851 April 9, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Governor Pyncheon”, in The House of the Seven Gables, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC, page 293:

        Could the judge but quaff a glass, it might make enable him to shake off the unaccountable lethargy which […] has made him such a laggard at this momentous dinner. It would all but revive a dead man!

      • 1956, Rose Macaulay, chapter IV, in The Towers of Trebizond, London: Collins […], →OCLC, page 38:

        But what Father Chantry-Pigg wanted to see was the place where St. Paul preached so long that the young man Eutychus sank into sleep and fell down three storeys and was taken up for dead but revived by the apostle, […]

   3. (figurative)
      1. To cause (something) to recover from a state of decline, neglect, oblivion, or obscurity; to make (something) active or lively again; to reanimate, to revitalize.

         Synonyms: reestablish, refresh, reinvigorate, renew, revivify, rally

         Hypernyms: fix up, improve, spruce up

         The Manx language has been revived after dying out, and is now taught in some schools on the Isle of Man.

         This new paint job should revive the surgery waiting room.

         • a. 1548 (date written), [Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey], “Description of the Fickle Affections, Panges, and Sleightes of Loue”, in Songes and Sonettes, London: […] Richard Tottel, published 10 August 1557 (Gregorian calendar), →OCLC, folio 4, recto:

           Reuiued with a glimſe of grace old ſorowes to let fal, / The hidden traines I know and ſecret ſnares of loue: […]

         • 1582, “The Firste Booke of Virgil His Æneis”, in Richard Stanyhurst, transl., The First Foure Bookes of Virgils Æneis, […], London: […] Henrie Bynneman […], published 1583, →OCLC, page 6:

           Wee muſt ruſh forward: our ſeat theare deſtinie pitcheth, / Theare muſt thee kingdoome with Troian fame be reuiued, […]

         • 1725, [Daniel Defoe], “Part II”, in A New Voyage Round the World, by a Course Never Sailed before. […], London: […] A[rthur] Bettesworth, […]; and W. Mears, […], →OCLC, page 157:

           [H]e ſpied the Turning vvhere they ſhould all have gone in, to have come to the Place vvhich they vvere at before: […] Our Men vvere reviv'd vvith this Diſcovery, and all agreed to march back; ſo, having loſt about Six Days in this falſe ſtep, they got into the right VVay, […]

         • 1731 (date written), Simon Wagstaff [pseudonym; Jonathan Swift], “An Introduction to the Following Treatise”, in A Complete Collection of Genteel and Ingenious Conversation, […], London: […] B[enjamin] Motte […], published 1738, →OCLC, page lxii:

           [W]hen Converſation appears in danger to flag, vvhich, in ſome Places, I have artfully contrived, I took care to invent ſome ſudden Queſtion, or Turn of VVit, to revive it; […]

         • 1781, Edward Gibbon, “Persecution of Heresy—The Schism of the Donatists—The Arian Controversy—Athanasius—Distracted State of the Church and Empire under Constantine and His Sons—Toleration of Paganism”, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume II, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 247:

           After the edict of toleration had reſtored peace and leiſure to the Chriſtians, the Trinitarian controverſy vvas revived in the ancient ſeat of Platoniſm, the learned, the opulent, the tumultuous city of Alexandria; […]

         • 1794 May 8, Ann Radcliffe, chapter V, in The Mysteries of Udolpho, a Romance; […], volume I, Dublin: […] Hillary and Barlow, for Messrs. P. Wogan, W. Jones, and H. Colbert, →OCLC, page 77:

           St. Aubert vvas revived by reſt, and by the ſerene air of this ſummit; […]

         • 1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “A Practical Philosopher”, in Tales of a Traveller. […], 1st French edition, volume I, Paris: A[nthony] and W[illiam] Galignani, […], →OCLC, part II (Buckthorne and His Friends), pages 247–248:

           [I]f at any time a shade of sadness stole across his brow, it was but transient; like a summer cloud, which soon goes by, and freshens and revives the fields over which it passes.

         • 1827, [Benjamin Disraeli], chapter XV, in Vivian Grey, volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, book V, page 315:

           "I think we might all retire to this valley," said Miss Fane, "and revive the old feudal times with great success. […]"

         • 1856, James Anthony Froude, “The Last Efforts of Diplomacy”, in History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth, volume II, London: John W[illiam] Parker and Son, […], →OCLC, page 176:

           During the first twenty years of Henry [VIII]'s reign the countess [Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury] seems to have acknowledged his attentions with loyal regard, and if she had not forgotten her birth and her childhood, she never connected herself with the attempts which during that time were made to revive the feuds of the houses.

         • 1901 March, Jack London, “The Law of Life”, in Children of the Frost, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., published September 1902, →OCLC, page 44:

           Then it was the men became high-stomached, and revived ancient quarrels, and crossed the divides to the south to kill the Pellys, and to the west that they might sit by the dead fires of the Tananas.

         • 2012 June 19, Phil McNulty, “England 1 – 0 Ukraine”, in BBC Sport‎, archived from the original on 9 October 2024:

           […] Marko Devic's shot clearly crossed the line before it was scrambled away by John Terry, only for the officials to remain unmoved. The incident immediately revived the debate about goal-line technology, with a final decision on whether it is introduced expected to be taken in Zurich on 5 July.

         • 2017 January 19, Peter Bradshaw, “T2 Trainspotting review – choose a sequel that doesn’t disappoint”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 8 October 2025:

           [Danny] Boyle revives some of the stylistic tics which found themselves being ripped off by geezer-gangster Britflicks back in the day, but now the freezeframes are briefer, sharper; the movie itself refers back to the original with variant flashback versions of famous scenes, but also Super 8-type images of the boys' poignant boyhood in primary school.

         • 2019 October, “Funding for 20tph East London Service”, in Modern Railways, Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 18:

           The 20tph service also requires additional stabling space on the east side with TfL [Transport for London] considering various options including reviving the former London Underground depot at New Cross and sites at West Croydon and Crystal Palace.

         • 2020 December 2, Industry Insider [pseudonym], “The Costs on Cutting Carbon”, in Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 76:

           Significant rail projects have been mothballed before in the face of changed circumstances – in particular, the LNER Woodhead project which was postponed due to wartime conditions and not revived until 1948, as money became available after nationalisation.

      2. To cause (a feeling, state of mind, etc.) to come back or return; to reactivate, to reawaken.
         • 153[9], Thomas Elyot, “Of Flesshe”, in The Castel of Helth […], London: […] Thomæ Bertheleti […], →OCLC, book II, folio 50, verso:

           Partriche. Of all foules is moſte ſooneſt digeſted: and hath in hym moche nutriment, comforteth the brayne, and maketh ſede of generation,. and reuiueth luſte, whiche is abated.

         • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 25, page 263:

           So did ſhe all, that might his conſtant hart / VVithdravv from thought of vvarlike enterprize, / And drovvne in diſſolute delights apart, / VVhere noiſe of armes, or vevv of martiall guize / Might not reuiue deſire of knightly exercize.

         • 1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale.”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC, signature O2, verso:

           Thus vvhen this Courtly Gentleman vvith toyle / Himſelfe hath vvearied, he doth recoyle / Vnto his reſt, and there vvith ſvveete delight / Of Muſicks skill reuiues his toyled ſpright, […]

         • 1680, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], 5th edition, Edinburgh: […] Iohn Cairns, […], →OCLC, page 23:

           [T]he Lavv, inſtead of cleanſing the heart (by its vvorking) from ſin, doth revive [Romans 7:6], put ſtrength into [1 Corinthians 15:56], and increaſe it in the ſoul [Romans 5:20], even as it doth diſcover and forbid it, for it doth not give povver to ſubdue.

         • 1697, Virgil, “The First Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 220, lines 632–633:

           VVhat firſt Æneas in this place beheld, / Reviv'd his Courage, and his Fear expel'd.

         • a. 1772 (date written), Dante [Alighieri], “[Translations.] Dante. Canto 33, dell’ Inferno.”, in Thomas Gray, transl., edited by Edmund Gosse, The Works of Thomas Gray in Prose and Verse. […], volume I (Poems, Journals, and Essays), London: Macmillan and Co., published 1884, →OCLC, page 157:

           Would'st thou revive the deep Despair, / The Anguish, that unutter'd nathless wrings / My inmost Heart?

         • 1838, William H[ickling] Prescott, “Spanish Colonial Policy”, in History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, the Catholic. […], volume II, Boston, Mass.: American Stationers’ Company; John B. Russell, →OCLC, 2nd part (1493–1517), page 489:

           The reports of the admiral's third voyage, however, and the beautiful specimens of pearls which he sent home from the coast of Paria, revived the cupidity of the nation.

         • 1859, Omar Khayyam, “Quatrain IV”, in [Edward FitzGerald], transl., Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, the Astronomer-Poet of Persia. […], facsimile edition, London: Bernard Quaritch, […], →OCLC, page 2:

           Now the New Year reviving old Desires, / The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires, […]

         • 1925 May 14, Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Company, published 1925, →OCLC, page 194:

           Ugly, clumsy, Clarissa Dalloway had laughed at her for being that; and had revived the fleshly desires, for she minded looking as she did beside Clarissa.

      3. To renew (something) in one's or people's memories or minds; to bring back (something) to (public) attention; to reawaken.

         Synonyms: rekindle, resurrect

         The Harry Potter books and films revived the world’s interest in wizardry.

         • 1531, Thomas Elyot, “Of Sapience⸝ and the Definition therof”, in The Boke Named the Governour […], London: […] Tho[mas] Bertheleti, →OCLC, 3rd boke, folios 238A, verso – 239, recto:

           [T]he reſidue that was therto knytte and adioyned⸝ and late ſemed for the tyme ded or bireft from the mynde⸝ is reuiued and (as it were) retourned home agayne⸝ it is thã [than, i.e., then] had for redemed or reſtored⸝ and is properly called remembraunce.

         • 1592, Thomas Nash[e], Pierce Penilesse His Supplication to the Deuill. […], London: […] [John Charlewood for] Richard Ihones, […], →OCLC, signature D4, verso:

           [S]ome Jade […] hath named me expreſſely in Print (as I will not do him) and accuſe me of want of learning, vpbraiding me for reuiuing in an epiſtle of mine the reuerent memory of Sir Thomas Moore, Sir Iohn Cheeke [John Cheke], Doctor Watſon, Doctor Haddon, Doctor Carre, Maiſter [Roger] Aſcham, as if they were no meate but for his Maiſterſhips mouth, or none but ſome ſuch as the ſon of a ropemaker were worthy to mention them.

         • 1605, Francis Bacon, “The Second Booke”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC, folio 24, recto:

           And heere I vvill make a requeſt, that […] I may reviue and reintegrate the miſapplyed and abuſed Name of Natvrall Magicke, vvhich in the true ſenſe, is but Natvrall VVisedome, or Natvrall Prvdence: […]

         • 1638, Tho[mas] Herbert, “[Spawhawn]”, in Some Yeares Travels Into Divers Parts of Asia and Afrique. […], 2nd edition, London: […] R[ichard] Bi[sho]p for Iacob Blome and Richard Bishop, →OCLC, book II, page 160:

           The Citizens in ſtead of meeting him, ſend him a choking meſſage reviving the cruelty done Hemyr Hamze Mirzey his brother, […]

         • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], “Of Retention”, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book II, § 2, page 65:

           The other [faculty of the mind], is the Povver to revive again in our Minds thoſe Ideas, vvhich after imprinting have diſappeared, or have been as it vvere laid aſide out of Sight: And thus vve do, vvhen vve conceive Heat or Light, Yellovv or Svveet, the Object being removed: and this is Memory, vvhich is at it vvere the Store-houſe of our Ideas.

         • 1693, John Dryden, “[The Dedication]”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page viii:

           [Y]et in my Opinion, Obſolete VVords may then be laudably reviv'd, vvhen either they are more Sounding, or more Significant than thoſe in practice: […]

         • 1713 March 28 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “Tuesday, March 17. 1713.”, in The Guardian, number 5, London: […] J[acob] Tonson […]; and sold by A. Baldwin […], →OCLC, page [1], column 1:

           This Converſation revives to us the Memory of a Friend, that vvas more than my Brother to me; […]

         • 1731 November (date written), [Jonathan] Swift, Verses on the Death of Doctor Swift. […], London: […] C. Bathurst, […] [actually Edinburgh: Walter Ruddiman], published 1739, →OCLC, page 13:

           He'll treat me, as he does my Betters, / Publiſh my VVill, my Life, my Letters; / Revive the Libels born to die; / VVhich Pope muſt bear as vvell as I.

         • 1778, [Frances Burney], “Letter XVI. Evelina in Continuation.”, in Evelina, or, A Young Lady’s Entrance into the World, volume III, London: […] T[homas] Lowndes, […], →OCLC, page 185:

           And have you, Madam, been prevailed upon to revive that ridiculous old ſtory?

         • 1851 June – 1852 April, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “The Strategem”, in Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly, volume II, Boston, Mass.: John P[unchard] Jewett & Company; Cleveland, Oh.: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, published 20 March 1852, →OCLC, page 256:

           These sounds were, from time to time, heard by the servants, and revived in full force the memory of the old ghost legend.

         • 1886 May, Thomas Hardy, chapter XII, in The Mayor of Casterbridge: The Life and Death of a Man of Character. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 162:

           Her figure in the midst of the huge enclosure, the unusual plainness of her dress, her attitude of hope and appeal, so strongly revived in his soul the memory of another ill-used woman who had stood there and thus in bygone days, and had now passed away into her rest, that he was unmanned, and his heart smote him for having attempted reprisals on one of a sex so weak.

         • 1900 December – 1901 October, Rudyard Kipling, chapter XI, in Kim, London: Macmillan and Co., published 1901, →OCLC, page 276:

           His mind moved all in the past, and he revived every step of their wonderful first journey together, […]

      4. To make (something which has become faded or unclear) clear or fresh again; to refresh.
         • 1836, “Boz” [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], “Shabby-genteel People”, in Sketches by “Boz,” Illustrative of Every-day Life, and Every-day People. […], volume II, London: John Macrone, […], →OCLC, page 106:

           It was very odd; his clothes were a fine, deep, glossy, black, and yet they looked like the same suit; nay, there were the very darns, with which old acquaintance had made us familiar. […] The truth flashed suddenly upon us—they had been "revived." 'Tis a deceitful liquid that black and blue reviver; we have watched its effects on many a shabby-genteel man. […] [T]he transient dignity of the unhappy man decreased in exact proportion as the "reviver" wore off.

           Referring to clothes having been treated with a reviver (“a chemical compound for making something look new again”).

         • 1856 July 3 (date delivered), Eugene O’Curry, “Lecture VII. The Annals (Continued). 10. The Annals of the Four Masters. The ‘Contention of the Bards’. Of Michael O’Clery [Mícheál Ó Cléirigh]. Of the Chronology of the Four Masters.”, in Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History. […], Dublin: James Duffy, […], published 1861, →OCLC, page 150:

           […] I applied to the Council of the Academy, […] for liberty to apply a proper preparation to the part of the vellum which appeared blank before the name O'Donnell, and between it and the margin of the page. The academy complied with my request. I took the necessary means of reviving the ink, and in a little time I was rewarded by the plain and clear reappearance of what had not been before dreamt of. There, surely enough, were the name and the title of "Bonaventura O'Donnell", with the words added, "Jubilate Lector".

      5. (chemistry, historical) To restore (a metal (especially mercury) or other substance in a compound or mixture) to its pure or unmixed state.

         to revive a metal after calcination

         • 1649, Henry Atkins [et al.], “[Chymical Oyls.] Chymical Preparations More Usual. Mercurius Dulcis Precipitated.”, in Nich[olas] Culpeper, transl., A Physicall Directory or A Translation of the London Dispensatory Made by the Colledge of Physicians in London. […], London: […] Peter Cole […], →OCLC, page [301]:

           Take of crude Mercury diſtilled in a retort vvith Bay ſalt, or revived vvith common Cinnabarum, one part, Aqua fortis (of tvvo parts of Vitriol calcined and one part of ſalt Peter) tvvo parts, diſſolve them in a phial over vvarm aſhes, […]

      6. (law, chiefly historical) To give new validity to (a law or legal instrument); to reenact, to revalidate.
         • 1531, Thomas Elyot, “Of the Fifthe Braunche Called Circumspection⸝ Shewed in Reprinse”, in The Boke Named the Governour […], London: […] Tho[mas] Bertheleti, →OCLC, 1st boke, folios 90, recto – 90, verso:

           [Y]et by his moſte excellent witte⸝ he in a few yeres⸝ nat only broughte this realme in good ordre and vnder due obedience⸝ reuiued the lawes⸝ auanced Juſtice⸝ refurniſſhed his dominions⸝ and repayred his manours: […]

         • a. 1548 (date written), Edward Hall, Richard Grafton, “[The Prosperous Reigne of Kyng Edward the Fourth.] The .XIJ. Yere.”, in The Vnion of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre & Yorke, […], London: […] Rychard Grafton, […] [and Steven Mierdman], published 1550, →OCLC, folio xxxvj, verso:

           [S]uche Lawes made by hym, as kyng Henry the ſixt, had cauſed to be abrogated and adnichilated, he again reuiued and renouated.

         • 1769, William Blackstone, “Of Offences against the Law of Nations”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book IV (Of Public Wrongs), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 70:

           [T]he ſtatute 2. Hen[ry] V continued in full force: but yet is conſidered as extinct by the ſtatute 14 Edw[ard] IV. c[hapter] 4. vvhich revives and confirms all ſtatutes and ordinances made before the acceſſion of the houſe of York againſt breakers of amities, truces, leagues, and ſafe-conducts, vvith an expreſs exception to the ſtatutes of 2 Hen. V.

      7. (originally theater, now also film, television) To put on a new production of (a musical, play, or other stage performance; also, a film or television programme).
         • 1637, Tho[mas] Heywood, “Sundry Fancies Writ upon Severall Occasions”, in Pleasant Dialogues and Dramma’s, Selected out of Lucian, Erasmus, Textor, Ovid, &c. […], London: […] R. O[ulton] for R. H[earne], and are to be sold by Thomas Slater […], →OCLC, page 248:

           A Prologue to the Play of Queene Elizabeth [I] as it vvas laſt revived at the Cock-pit, in vvhich the Author taxeth the moſt corrupted copy novv imprinted, vvhich vvas publiſhed vvithout his conſent.

           A section heading.

      8. (obsolete, rare)
         1. To bring (someone) back to a state of health or vigour.
            • 1580, Thomas Tusser, “Septembers Abstract”, in Fiue Hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie: […], London: […] Henrie Denham [beeing the assigne of William Seres] […], →OCLC, stanzas 4–5, folio 14, recto:

              What helpes reuiue, / the thriuing, to thriue. / Plough fence and ſtore, / aught elſe before.

            • 1612–1626, Joseph Hall, “[Contemplations upon the Principal Passages in the Holy Story. Book IV.] The Bloody Issue Healed.”, in Josiah Pratt, editor, The Works of the Right Reverend Father in God, Joseph Hall, D.D. […], volume II (Contemplations), London: […] C[harles] Whittingham, […]; for Williams and Smith, […], published 1808, →OCLC, part II (Contemplations on the New Testament), page 343:

              Doubtless, thou [Jesus] hadst herein no small respect to the faith of Jairus, unto whose house thou wert going. That good man had but one only daughter, which lay sick in the beginning of his suit; ere the end, lay dead. […] To make this good, by the touch of the verge of thy garment thou revivedst one from the verge of death.

         2. (law, politics) To rerun (an election).
2. (intransitive)
   1. To recover from a faint; to return to a state of consciousness.
      • 1530 July 28 (Gregorian calendar), Iohan Palsgraue [i.e., John Palsgrave], “The Table of Verbes”, in Lesclarcissement de la langue francoyse⸝ […], [London]: […] [Richard Pynson] fynnysshed by Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, 3rd boke, folio cccxli, recto, column 1; reprinted Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, October 1972, →OCLC:

        He is in ſuche a ſwounde [swoon] yͭ I wene he wyll neuer reuyue againe […]

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Judges 15:19, signature Aa2, verso, column 1:

        But God claue an hollow place that was in the iawe, and there came water thereout, ⁊ when he [Samson] had drunke, his ſpirit came againe, and he reuiued: […]

      • 1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC, page 29:

        The vvater Nymphs that in the bottome playd / Held up their pearled vvriſts and tooke her in, / […] / And through the porch, and inlet of each ſenſe / Dropt in ambroſial oyles till ſhe reviv'd, / And undervvent a quicke, immortall change / Made goddeſs of the river; […]

      • 1725, Homer, “Book V”, in [Alexander Pope], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume II, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC, page 39, lines 506–507:

        [P]ious children joy vvith vaſt delight / VVhen a lov'd Sire revives before their ſight, […]

      • 1769, William Blackstone, “Of Execution”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book IV (Of Public Wrongs), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 399:

        [I]t is clear, that if, upon judgment to be hanged by the neck till he is dead, the criminal be not thoroughly killed, but revives, the ſheriff muſt hang him again.

      • 1851 June – 1852 April, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “Reunion”, in Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly, volume II, Boston, Mass.: John P[unchard] Jewett & Company; Cleveland, Oh.: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, published 20 March 1852, →OCLC, page 141:

        [A]s Miss Ophelia applied restoratives, he revived, opened his eyes, looked fixedly on them, looked earnestly around the room, his eyes travelling wistfully over every object, and finally they rested on his mother's picture.

      • 1905, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter IV, in Where Angels Fear to Tread, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 108:

        She did not call any more, for she felt very ill, and fainted; and when she revived she was lying in the road, with dust in her eyes, and dust in her mouth, and dust down her ears.

   2. Of a dead person or animal: to be brought back to life.

      Synonym: reanimate

      • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, The Epistle off the Apostle Paul to the Romanes xiiij:[9], folio ccxiiij, verso:

        For Chriſt therfore dyed and roſe agayne⸝ ãd [and] revived⸝ that he ſhuld be lorde both of deed and quicke.

      • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 45, page 269:

        Perdye, then is it fitt for me (ſaid he) / That am, I vveene, moſt vvretched man aliue, / Burning in flames, yet no flames can I ſee, / And dying dayly, dayly yet reuiue: […]

      • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 96, column 1:

        VVe mourne in black, vvhy mourne vve not in blood? / Henry is dead, and neuer ſhall reuiue: / Vpon a VVoodden Coffin vve attend; […]

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 17:22, signature Kk2, recto, column 1:

        And the Lord heard the voice of Elijah; and the ſoul of the child came into him againe, and he reuiued.

      • 1712 May, [Alexander Pope], “The Rape of the Locke. An Heroi-comical Poem.”, in Miscellaneous Poems and Translations. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, canto II, page 371:

        She ſmil'd to ſee the doughty Hero ſlain, / But at her Smile, the Beau reviv'd again.

   3. Of a person, animal, or plant: to return to a state of health or vigour, especially after almost dying.
      • 1530 July 28 (Gregorian calendar), Iohan Palsgraue [i.e., John Palsgrave], “The Table of Verbes”, in Lesclarcissement de la langue francoyse⸝ […], [London]: […] [Richard Pynson] fynnysshed by Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, 3rd boke, folio cccxxxi, recto, column 2; reprinted Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, October 1972, →OCLC:

        I Quycken I reuyue as a thyng dothe that fyrſt doth begyn to ſtyrre or yͭ was wyddered or almoſte deed and retourneth to lyfe againe⸝ […]

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hosea 14:7, signatures [Eeee6], verso – [Eeee7], recto:

        They that dwell vnder his ſhadow ſhall returne: they ſhall reuiue as the corne, ⁊ grow as the vine, the ſent thereof ſhalbe as the wine of Lebanon.

      • 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature F, verso, lines 492–495:

        If chance the radiant Sun vvith farevvell ſvveet / Extend his ev'ning beam, the fields revive, / The birds thir notes renevv, and bleating herds / Atteſt thir joy, that hill and valley rings.

      • 1711 March 14 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “SATURDAY, March 3, 1710–1711”, in The Spectator, number 3; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 96:

        Her recoveries were often as sudden as her decays, insomuch that she would revive in a moment out of a wasting distemper, into a habit of the highest health and vigour.

        The spelling has been modernized.

      • a. 1823 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “To ——”, in Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, editor, Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley, London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John and Henry L[eigh] Hunt, […], published 1824, →OCLC, stanza 3, page 205:

        After the slumber of the year / The woodland violets re-appear, / All things revive in field or grove, […]

      • 1871, George MacDonald, “Little Daylight”, in At the Back of the North Wind, Philadelphia, Pa.; London: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, published 1909, →OCLC, page 242:

        At first they thought she was dead, but at last they got used to it, and only consulted the almanac to find the moment when she would begin to revive, which, of course, was with the first appearance of the silver thread of the crescent moon.

      • 1928, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter VIII, in Lady Chatterley’s Lover, [Germany?]: Privately printed, →OCLC, page 106:

        The poor flowers hung over, limp on their stalks. «They'll revive again!» she said, putting them before him in their glass for him to smell.

   4. (figurative)
      1. To recover from a state of decline, neglect, oblivion, or obscurity; to become active or lively again; to reanimate, to revitalize.

         Classical learning revived in the 15th century.

         • 1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, signature [Ciiij], recto:

           He ſees her comming, and begins to glovv: / Euen as a dying coale reuiues vvith vvinde, […]

         • 1668, Roland Freart [i.e., Roland Fréart de Chambray], translated by John Evelyn, An Idea of the Perfection of Painting: […], In the Savoy [London]: […] Henry Herringman […], →OCLC, page 3:

           [I]n the Age of Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael (vvho vvere the Protogenes and Apelles’s of the Modern Painters) vve ſhould ſee the Art revive again vvith ſo much vigour, and flouriſh in ſo ſhort a ſpace.

         • 1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC, page 40:

           But ſee! each Muſe, in Leo [Pope Leo X]'s Golden Days, / Starts from her Trance, and trims her vvither'd Bays! / […] / Then Sculpture and her Siſter-Arts revive; / Stones leap'd to Form, and Rocks began to live; […]

         • 1759, [Oliver Goldsmith], “Of the Present State of Polite Learning in Italy”, in An Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe, London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 50:

           Happy country, vvhere the paſtoral age begins to revive! VVhere the vvits even of Rome are united into a rural groupe of nymphs and ſvvains, under the appellation of modern Arcadians.

         • 1776, Edward Gibbon, “Conduct of the Army and Senate after the Death of Aurelian—Reigns of Tacitus, Probus, Carus and His Sons”, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 334:

           The ſtrength of Aurelian had cruſhed on every ſide the enemies of Rome. After his death they ſeemed to revive, and even to multiply.

         • 1840 January, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “[Robert] Lord Clive. […]”, in Critical and Historical Essays, Contributed to the Edinburgh Review. […], 2nd edition, volume III, London: […] Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 194:

           In the mean time, the impulse which Clive had given to the administration of Bengal was constantly becoming fainter and fainter. His policy was to a great extent abandoned; the abuses which he had suppressed began to revive; […]

      2. Of a feeling, state of mind, etc.: to come back or return; to be reactivated or reawakened.
         • 1524 March 20 (date written; Gregorian calendar), John Froissart [i.e., Jean Froissart], “Howe the Duke of Bretayne Sente for All His Lordes and Knyghtes to Come to Counsayle vnto Wannes and after Counsayle He Desyred the Constable to Goo and Se His Castell of Ermyne⸝ and Howe He Toke Hym there Prysoner⸝ and the Lorde of Beaumanoyre with Hym”, in Here Beginneth the Third and Fourthe Boke of Syr John Froissart of the Cronycles of Englande, Fraunce, Spaygne, Portyngale, Scotland, Bretayne, Flaunders, and Other Places Adioynyng. […], 2nd volume, London: […] Rycharde Pynson⸝ […], published 10 September 1525 (Gregorian calendar), →OCLC; reprinted as The Thirde and Fourthe Boke of Sir Johan Froyssart (The English Experience […]; no. 250), Amsterdam: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum; New York, N.Y.: Da Capo Press, 1970, →ISBN, folio lxxxxvii, verso, column 1:

           [W]hẽ [when] he ſaw the lord de la vale his hert reuyued and thought there was ſome tretye in hande.

         • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, The Epistle off the Apostle Paul to the Romanes vij:[9], folio ccvj, verso:

           I once lived without out lawe: butt when the commaundement cam⸝ ſynne revived⸝ ãd [and] I was deed.

         • 1530 July 28 (Gregorian calendar), Iohan Palsgraue [i.e., John Palsgrave], “The Table of Verbes”, in Lesclarcissement de la langue francoyse⸝ […], [London]: […] [Richard Pynson] fynnysshed by Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, 3rd boke, folio cccxxxi, recto, column 2; reprinted Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, October 1972, →OCLC:

           I Quycken or reuyue[,] I take hert, Ie deuieus vif, […]

         • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Maccabees 13:7, signature [Aaaaa4], recto, column 1:

           Now as ſoone as the people heard theſe words, their ſpirit reuiued.

         • 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [Rr4], recto, lines 867–869:

           I revive / At this laſt ſight, aſſur'd that Man ſhall live / VVith all the Creatures, and thir ſeed preſerve.

         • 1680, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], 5th edition, Edinburgh: […] Iohn Cairns, […], →OCLC, page 15:

           Then Chriſtian fell dovvn at his foot as dead, crying, vvo is me, for I am undone: at the ſight of vvhich Evangeliſt caught him by the right hand, ſaying, all manner of ſin [Matthew 12:31; Mark 3:28] and blaſphemies ſhall be forgiven unto men; be not faithleſs, but believing [John 20:27]; then did Chriſtian again a little revive, and ſtood up trembling; as at firſt, before Evangeliſt.

         • 1712 September 3 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “SATURDAY, August 23, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 465; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 290:

           The doubt which was laid revives again, and shows itself in new difficulties, […]

           The spelling has been modernized.

         • 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, page 95:

           VVith this Thought my Spirits began to revive, […]

         • 1779 (date written), William Cowper, “Human Frailty”, in Poems, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, stanza 2, page 312:

           The bovv vvell bent and ſmart the ſpring, / Vice ſeems already ſlain, / But paſſion rudely ſnaps the ſtring, / And it revives again.

         • 1815, Walter Scott, “Canto Sixth”, in The Lord of the Isles, a Poem, Edinburgh: […] [F]or Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown; by James Ballantyne and Co., […], →OCLC, stanza IX, page 232:

           And Love, howe'er the maiden strive, / Must with reviving hope revive!

         • 1817 December (indicated as 1818), Percy B[ysshe] Shelley, “Canto Fourth”, in Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century. […], London: […] [F]or Sherwood, Neely, & Jones, […]; and C[harles] and J[ames] Ollier, […]; by B[uchanan] M‘Millan, […], →OCLC, stanza XXXIII, page 91:

           My powers revived within me, and I went / As one whom winds waft o'er the bending grass, / Thro' many a vale of that broad continent.

         • 1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Dance”, in Adam Bede […], volume II, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book third, pages 205–206:

           Her joy and pride in the honour paid to her darling son Adam was beginning to be worsted in the conflict with the jealousy and fretfulness which had revived when Adam came to tell her that Captain Donnithorne desired him to join the dancers in the hall.

         • 1906, John Galsworthy, “Rosinney’s Departure”, in The Man of Property, London: William Heinemann, →OCLC, part III, page 365:

           At the Inspector's words, indeed, all James's doubts and fears revived.

         • 1927 May, Virginia Woolf, chapter 1, in To the Lighthouse (Uniform Edition of the Works of Virginia Woolf), new edition, London: Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, […], published 1930, →OCLC, part I (The Window), page 22:

           It flattered him; snubbed as he had been, it soothed him that Mrs. Ramsay should tell him this. Charles Tansley revived.

         • 1988, Graham Greene, chapter 7, in The Captain and the Enemy, London: Penguin Books in association with Reinhardt Books, published 1989, →ISBN, part II, page 105:

           I was tired of hack journalism. My desire to be a writer revived.

      3. (chemistry, obsolete, rare) Of a metal (especially mercury) or other substance in a compound or mixture: to return to its pure or unmixed state.
      4. (law, chiefly historical, uncommon) Of a law or legal instrument: to be given new validity.
      5. (originally theater, now also film, television) Of a musical, play, or other stage performance; also, a film or television programme: to have a new production put on.
         • 1709 April 23 (Gregorian calendar), Isaac Bickerstaff [et al., pseudonyms; Richard Steele], “Tuesday, April 12, 1709”, in The Tatler, number 1; republished in [Richard Steele], editor, The Tatler, […], London stereotype edition, volume I, London: I. Walker and Co.;  […], 1822, →OCLC, page 4:

           It is not now doubted but plays will revive, and take their usual place in the opinion of persons of wit and merit, notwithstanding their late apostacy in favour of dress and sound.

           The spelling has been modernized.