Lurchとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Originally a nautical term, possibly from French lâcher (“to let go”).

名詞

lurch (複数形 lurches)

1. A sudden or unsteady movement.

   the lurch of a ship, or of a drunkard

   • 1850, William O. S. Gilly, “The Tribune”, in Narratives of Shipwrecks of the Royal Navy […] ‎^[2], London: John W. Parker:

     The ship was driving rapidly towards the rocky coast, against which she must have been dashed to pieces had she kept afloat a few minutes longer, but she gave a lurch and went down, rose again for an instant, and with another lurch sank, and all was over,—and there were nearly two hundred and fifty human beings struggling with the waves.

   • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, chapter 4, in Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934:

     Yet I hoped by grouting at the earth below it to be able to dislodge the stone at the side; but while I was considering how best to begin, the candle flickered, the wick gave a sudden lurch to one side, and I was left in darkness.

動詞

lurch (三人称単数 現在形 lurches, 現在分詞 lurching, 過去形および過去分詞形 lurched)

1. To make such a sudden, unsteady movement.
   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “I Strike the Jolly Roger”, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

     It occurred to me there was no time to lose, and dodging the boom as it once more lurched across the deck, I slipped aft and down the companion stairs into the cabin.

   • 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

     The incident made it think, apparently, that the neighborhood was dangerous, for it slowly lurched off through the wood, followed by its mate and its three enormous infants.

   • 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter 3, in The Monster Men‎^[3], published 1929:

     Number One lurched forward, his arms outstretched toward the horror stricken girl.

   • 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter XLVII, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

     He was looking for trouble. He lurched against a table at which three soldiers were sitting and knocked over a glass of beer.

参考

• leave someone in the lurch, left in the lurch
• Lurch in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

語源 2

From Latin lurcāre.

動詞

lurch (三人称単数 現在形 lurches, 現在分詞 lurching, 過去形および過去分詞形 lurched)

1. (obsolete) To swallow or eat greedily; to devour; hence, to swallow up.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Building”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     Too far off from great cities, which may hinder business; too near them, which lurcheth all provisions, and maketh everything dear.

語源 3

From Middle English *lurche (implied in derivative lurching), from Old French lourche (“deceived, embarrassed; also the name of a game”), from Proto-West Germanic *lort (“left; left-handed; crooked; bent; warped; underhanded; deceitful; limping”).^[1] Cognate to English lirt.

名詞

lurch (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 lurches)

1. An old game played with dice and counters; a variety of the game of tables.
2. A double score in cribbage for the winner when his/her adversary has not yet pegged his/her 31st hole.
   • August 14, 1784, Horace Walpole, letter to the Hon. H. S. Conway

     Lady Blandford has cried her eyes out on losing a lurch.

動詞

lurch (三人称単数 現在形 lurches, 現在分詞 lurching, 過去形および過去分詞形 lurched)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To leave someone in the lurch; to cheat.
   • 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), 6th edition, London: […] J[ames] Bettenham, for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1727, →OCLC:

     Never deceive or lurch the sincere communicant.

2. (obsolete, intransitive) To rob.
   • c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

     And in the brunt of seventeen battles since / He lurched all swords of the garland.

3. (obsolete, intransitive) To evade by stooping; to lurk.
4. (transitive) To defeat in the game of cribbage with a lurch (double score as explained under noun entry).

参照

• Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “lurch”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

アナグラム

• churl