enforceとは

語源

From Old French enforcier, from Late Latin infortiāre, from in- + fortis (“strong”).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈfɔːs/
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)s

動詞

enforce (三人称単数 現在形 enforces, 現在分詞 enforcing, 過去形および過去分詞形 enforced)

1. To keep up, impose or bring into effect something, not necessarily by force. [from 17^thc.]

   The police are there to enforce the law.

   • 1929, Chiang Kai-shek, quoted in “Nationalist Notes,” Time, 11 February, 1929,^[1]

     Our task is only half finished. It will be my duty to enforce the decisions of the conference and I hereby pledge myself to that end.

   • 2013, “The pulpit should be free of politics,” Los Angeles Times, 8 September, 2013,^[2]

     Far from needing to be repealed, the ban on politics in the pulpit ought to be enforced more aggressively.

2. To give strength or force to; to affirm, to emphasize. [from 15^thc.]

   The victim was able to enforce his evidence against the alleged perpetrator.

3. (obsolete, transitive) To strengthen (a castle, town etc.) with extra troops, fortifications etc. [14^th-18^thc.]
4. (obsolete, transitive) To intensify, make stronger, add force to. [14^th-18^thc.]
5. (obsolete, reflexive) To exert oneself, to try hard. [14^th-17^thc.]
   • 1485 July 31, Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], (please specify the book number), [London]: […] [by William Caxton], OCLC 71490786; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: Published by David Nutt, […], 1889, OCLC 890162034:
     , Bk.VII:

     I pray you enforce youreselff at that justis that ye may be beste, for my love.

6. (obsolete) To compel, oblige (someone または something); to force. [from 16^thc.]
   • 1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, London: William Jones,^[3]

     Sweete prince I come, these these thy amorous lines,

     Might haue enforst me to haue swum from France,

     And like Leander gaspt vpon the sande,

     So thou wouldst smile and take me in thy armes.

   • 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy, Oxford: Printed by Iohn Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 216894069; The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd corrected and augmented edition, Oxford: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, 1624, OCLC 54573970, (please specify |partition=1, 2, または 3):
     , I.2.4.iv:

     Uladislaus the Second, King of Poland, and Peter Dunnius, Earl of Shrine […] had been hunting late, and were enforced to lodge in a poor cottage.

   • 1899, E. OE. Somerville and Martin Ross, Some Experiences of an Irish R.M., Great Uncle McCarthy:

     In a few minutes I was stealthily groping my way down my own staircase, with a box of matches in my hand, enforced by scientific curiosity, but none the less armed with a stick.

7. (obsolete) To make or gain by force; to force.

   to enforce a passage

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, London: William Ponsonbie, Book 1, Canto 8, p. 106,^[4]

     Ne shame he thought to shonne so hideous might,

     The ydle stroke, enforcing furious way,

     Missing the marke of his misaymed sight

     Did fall to ground […]

8. (obsolete) To put in motion or action by violence; to drive.
   • c. 1589, William Shakespeare, Henry V, Act IV, Scene 7,^[5]

     If they’ll do neither, we will come to them,

     And make them skirr away, as swift as stones

     Enforced from the old Assyrian slings:

9. (obsolete) To give force to; to strengthen; to invigorate; to urge with energy.

   to enforce arguments or requests

   • 1796, Edmund Burke, Two Letters Addressed to a Member of the Present Parliament: on the Proposals for Peace with the Regicide Directory of France, London: F. & C. Rivington, Letter I, p. 60,^[6]

     […] the eloquence of the declaration, not contradicting, but enforcing sentiments of the truest humanity, has left stings that have penetrated more than skin-deep into my mind […]

10. (obsolete) To urge; to ply hard; to lay much stress upon.
    • c. 1607, William Shakespeare, Coriolanus, Act III, Scene 2,^[7]

      In this point charge him home, that he affects

      Tyrannical power: if he evade us there,

      Enforce him with his envy to the people,

      And that the spoil got on the Antiates

      Was ne’er distributed.

11. (obsolete) To prove; to evince.
    • 1604, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiasticall Politie, London, Preface, p. 9,^[8]

      But what argument are ye able to shew, whereby it was euer prooued by Caluin, that any one sentence of Scripture doth necessarily enforce these things, or the rest wherein your opinion concurreth with his against the orders of your owne Church?

派生語

• enforcer
• enforcement

アナグラム

• forcené