mortifyとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈmɔːtɪfaɪ/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈmɔɹtɪfaɪ/

動詞

mortify (三人称単数 現在形 mortifies, 現在分詞 mortifying, 過去形および過去分詞形 mortified)

1. (transitive) To discipline (one's body, appetites etc.) by suppressing desires; to practise abstinence on. [from 15th c.]

   Some people seek sainthood by mortifying the body.

   • 1767, Walter Harte, Eulogius: Or, The Charitable Mason

     With fasting mortify'd, worn out with tears.

   • 1688, Matthew Prior, An Ode

     Mortify thy learned lust.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Colossians 3:5:

     Mortify, therefore, your members which are upon the earth.

2. (transitive, usually used passively) To embarrass, to humiliate. To injure one's dignity. [from 17th c.]

   I was so mortified I could have died right there; instead I fainted, but I swore I'd never let that happen to me again.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     Then we relapsed into a discomfited silence, and wished we were anywhere else. But Miss Thorn relieved the situation by laughing aloud, and with such a hearty enjoyment that instead of getting angry and more mortified we began to laugh ourselves, and instantly felt better.

3. (obsolete, transitive) To kill. [14th–17th c.]
4. (obsolete, transitive) To reduce the potency of; to nullify; to deaden, neutralize. [14th–18th c.]
   • 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

     Quicksilver is mortified with turpentine.

   • 1627, G[eorge] H[akewill], An Apologie of the Povver and Prouidence of God in the Gouernment of the VVorld. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Iohn Lichfield and VVilliam Turner, […], →OCLC:

     He […] mortified them [pearls] in vineger aud drunke them vp

5. (obsolete, transitive) To kill off (living tissue etc.); to make necrotic. [15th–18th c.]
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 3, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     Servius the Grammarian being troubled with the gowt, found no better meanes to be rid of it, than to apply poison to mortifie [translating tuer] his legs.

6. (obsolete, transitive) To affect with vexation, chagrin, or humiliation; to humble; to depress.
   • 22 September 1651 (date in diary), 1818 (first published), John Evelyn, John Evelyn's Diary

     the news of the fatal battle of Worcester, which exceedingly mortified our expectations

   • 1712 January 4 (Gregorian calendar)​, Joseph Addison; Richard Steele [et al.], “MONDAY, December 24, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 257; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume III, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:

     How often is [the ambitious man] mortified with the very praises he receives, if they do not rise so high as he thinks they ought!

7. (transitive, Scotland, law, historical) To grant in mortmain.
   • 1876 James Grant, History of the Burgh and Parish Schools of Scotland, Part II, Chapter 14, p.453 (PDF 2.7 MB):

     the schoolmasters of Ayr were paid out of the mills mortified by Queen Mary

8. (intransitive) To lose vitality.
9. (intransitive) To gangrene.
10. (intransitive) To be subdued.

同意語

• (to discipline oneself by suppressing desires): macerate
• (to injure one's dignity): demean, humiliate, shame

反意語

• (to injure one's dignity): dignify, honor

関連する語

• mortification