KNAPとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English knappen (verb) and knappe (“strike”) (noun), an onomatopoeia.

動詞

knap (三人称単数 現在形 knaps, 現在分詞 knapping, 過去形および過去分詞形 knapped)

1. (transitive) To shape a brittle material having conchoidal fracture, usually a mineral (flint, obsidian, chert etc.), by breaking away flakes, often forming a sharp edge or point.
2. (transitive) To rap or strike sharply.
   • 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

     Knap the tongs together […] about a handful from the bottom.

   • 1820, The Edinburgh Monthly Magazine, volume 8, no.43, page 81, October 1820.

     Some entered the ring in very bad condition, and immediately got a-piping, like hot mutton pies - fell on their own blows, and knapped it every round, till they shewed the white feather and bolted.

   • 1977, Marilynne K. Roach, Encounters with the Invisible World, →ISBN, page 10:

     "That will be sixpence," he said without looking up. She knapped her lips together and turned on her heel without another word.

3. (obsolete, UK, dialect) To bite; to bite off; to break short.
   • 1549 March 7​, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC:

     Psalms xlvi. 9

     He breaketh the bow, and knappeth the spear in sunder.

   • 1821, John Clare, "The Village Minstrel":

     "Horses..turn'd to knap each other at their ease."

4. To make a sound of snapping.
   • 1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgical Treatises

     Press back the head of the Femur into its Acetabulum , and it will knap in

使用する際の注意点

(to shape a brittle material) In modern usage knap is restricted to the specific technique of percussion flaking whereby flakes are removed across an entire face or facet leaving a conchoidal fracture. It is distinguished from the more general verb chip and is different from "carve" (removing only part of a face), and "cleave" (breaking along a natural plane). The term is used in archaeology for the production of flaked stone tools and in gunsmithing for the production of gunflints. Knap is rarely used in stonemasonry except to denote fine chipping done with smaller hammers but without the chisel.

同意語

• (break flakes from brittle material): chip

派生語

• knapper
• knappable

関連する語

• knapsack

名詞

knap (複数形 knaps)

1. A sharp blow or slap.
   • 2012, Andrew Ashenden, Basics of Stage Combat: Unarmed, →ISBN:

     It tells the audience the punch was thrown, they hear a knap, and the victim is 'injured'.

参考

• conchoidal
• flake
• hinge
• pressure flaking

語源 2

From Middle English knappe (“knob”), from 古期英語 cnæp, akin to cnotta (“knot”).

名詞

knap (複数形 knaps) (chiefly 方言)

1. A protuberance; a swelling; a knob.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Building”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     you shall see many fine seats set upon a knap of ground

2. The crest of a hill
3. A small hill
   • 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the VVorld. Commonly Called, The Natvrall Historie of C. Plinivs Secvndus. […], (please specify |tome=1 または 2), London: […] Adam Islip, published 1635, →OCLC:

     the highest part and knap of the same Iland

参照

knap in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913