英和和英

発音

• (strong form) IPA: /hæd/
• (weak form) IPA: /həd/, /əd/
• (had to): enPR: hăt, IPA: /hæt/
• 韻: -æd

動詞

had

1. simple past and past participle of have

   This morning I had an egg for breakfast.

   A good time was had by all.

   • 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter I, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 1:

     About thirty years ago, Miss Maria Ward, of Huntingdon, with only seven thousand pounds, had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park, in the county of Northampton, […].

2. (auxiliary, followed by a past participle) Used to form the past perfect tense, expressing an action that took place prior to a reference point that is itself in the past.

   I felt sure that I had seen him before.

   When I'd (already) done some exercise, I had a cappuccino.

   • 2011 April 15, Ben Cooper, The Guardian, London:

     Cooper seems an odd choice, but imagine if they had taken MTV's advice and chosen Robert Pattinson?

3. (auxiliary, now rare) As past subjunctive: would have.

   Had I not known you were coming this evening, I'd have left at midday.

   • 1499, John Skelton, The Bowge of Courte:

     To holde myne honde, by God, I had grete payne; / For forthwyth there I had him slayne, / But that I drede mordre wolde come oute […].

   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 4, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     Julius Cæsar had escaped death, if going to the Senate-house, that day wherein he was murthered by the Conspirators, he had read a memorial which was presented unto him.

   • 1849, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, In Memoriam, section 24:

     If all was good and fair we met, / This earth had been the Paradise / It never look’d to human eyes / Since our first Sun arose and set.

   • 1898, George Bernard Shaw, Caesar and Cleopatra:

     CAESAR (smiling). Of course I had rather you stayed.

使用する際の注意点

Had, like that, is one of a small number of words to be correctly used twice in succession in English in a non-contrived way, e.g. “He had had several operations previously.”

派生語

アナグラム

• DHA, dah, dha, HDA, AHD, ADH

発音

• IPA: /xɑːd/, [hɑːd]
• 韻: -ɑːd

名詞

hād m

1. person, individual
2. a character
   • c. 1011, Byrhtferth, Manual‎:

     Þonne sē sċop inn ġebringþ ōðre hādas þe wiþ hine wordliġen swelċe hīe him andswariġen, þonne biþ sēo ġesetnes "ġemǣnu" oþþe "ġemenġedu" ġeċīeġed.

     When the bard brings in other characters that talk with him as if they were him answering, then the composition is said to be "common" or "mixed."

3. individuality
4. rank, status
   • 9th century, the Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"

     ġehwelċes hādes menn

     people of every rank

5. a person of the Trinity
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "Of the Catholic Faith"

     Nis sē Fæder āna Þrīnes, oþþe sē Sunu Þrīnes, oþþe sē Hālga Gāst Þrīnes, ac þās þrī hādas sind ān god on ānre godcundnesse.

     The Trinity is not the Father alone, or the Son, or the Holy Ghost; these three persons are one god in one godhead.

6. honor, dignity
7. office (especially religious)
8. state, condition; nature, manner
9. sex, gender
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Nativity of the Holy Virgins"

     Sēo ġelaðung is ġegaderod of ǣġðres hādes mannum, þæt is, werhādes and wīfhādes.

     The church is gathered from people of either sex, that is, the male sex and the female sex.

10. (grammar) grammatical person
    • c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice

      Þrī hādas sind worda. Sē forma hād is þe spricþ be him selfum ānum ("iċ seċġe", oþþe mid ōðrum mannum on maniġfealdum ġetæle, "wē seċġaþ"). Sē ōðer hād is þe sē forma spricþ tō ("þū sæġst", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "ġē seċġaþ"). Sē þridda hād is be þǣm þe sē forma hād spricþ tō þǣm ōðrum hāde ("hē sæġþ", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "hīe seċġaþ").

      Verbs have three persons. The first person speaks about himself alone ("I say", or with other people in plural number, "we say"). The second person is whomever the first person speaks to ("you say", or in plural "ye say"). The third person is whomever the first person speaks about to the other one ("he says", or in plural "they say").

11. race; kindred, family; tribe, group
12. choir

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

派生語

• forma hād
• ōþer hād
• þridda hād

関連する語

• -hād

派生した語

• Middle English: hod, had, hade, hede, hode
  • English: hade, hede (obsolete)
  • Scots: hade (obsolete)

発音

• IPA: /xɑːd/, [hɑːd]

接尾辞

-hād m

1. forming nouns of condition or quality, from nouns or adjectives

   ‎ċild (“child”) + ‎-had → ‎ċildhād (“childhood”)

   ‎mæġeþ (“virgin”) + ‎-had → ‎mæġeþhād (“virginity”)

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: -had, -hod, -hed, -hede
  • English: -hood; -head
  • Scots: -heid

語源

From Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hāídēs).

接頭辞

had-

1. Alternative form of hado- (“ocean depths”).

派生語