barb.とは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /bɑːb/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /bɑɹb/

接合辞

-barb-

1. (pharmacology) Used to form names of barbituric acid derivatives used as hypnotics.

派生語

語源 1

barb (sense 1) of a fishhook

barbs (sense 4) of a feather

cherry barb (sense 5)

From Middle English barbe, from Middle French barbe, from Old French barbe (“beard, beard-like element”). Doublet of beard.

名詞

barb (複数形 barbs)

2. The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else.
   • 1545, Roger Ascham, Toxophilus:

     Having two barbs or points.

4. (figuratively) A hurtful or disparaging remark.

   to trade barbs

   • 2018, Elle Wright, Wherever You Are (The Jacksons of Ann Arbor)‎^[1], HarperCollins, →ISBN:

     “Maybe I just wanted to come and see for myself if you were real. Or if you were a figment of my imagination.” The barb hurt, but she didn't blame him.

   • 2022 July 11, Kate Conger; Mike Isaac, “How Elon Musk Damaged Twitter and Left It Worse Off”, in The New York Times‎^[2], →ISSN:

     His barbs about fake accounts have weakened trust in Twitter, just as the company prepares to moderate heated political discussions about an upcoming election in Brazil and the midterm elections this fall in the United States, misinformation experts said.

5. A beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it.
   • 1653, Iz[aak] Wa[lton], The Compleat Angler or The Contemplative Man’s Recreation. Being a Discourse of Fish and Fishing, […], London: […] T. Maxey for Rich[ard] Marriot, […], →OCLC; reprinted as The Compleat Angler (Homo Ludens; 6), Nieuwkoop, South Holland, Netherlands: Miland Publishers, 1969, →ISBN:

     The barbel is so called […] by reason of his barbs, or wattles at his mouth.

7. (ornithology) One of the many side branches of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane.
9. (ichthyology) Any of various species of freshwater carp-like fish that have barbels and belong to the cyprinid family.
10. (US) The sciaenid fish Menticirrhus americanus, found along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States.

    Synonyms: Carolina whiting, king whiting, southern kingcroaker, southern kingfish

11. (botany) A hair or bristle ending in a double hook.
12. (obsolete) A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners.
13. Paps, or little projections, of the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen.

    Synonyms: barbel, barble

14. (obsolete) A bit for a horse.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

      His loftie steed with golden sell
      And goodly gorgeous barbes.

15. A plastic fastener, shaped roughly like a capital I (with serifs), used to attach socks etc. to their packaging.

派生語

動詞

barb (三人称単数 現在形 barbs, 現在分詞 barbing, 過去形および過去分詞形 barbed)

1. To furnish with barbs, or with that which will hold or hurt like barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 544–546:

     […] for this day will pour down, / If I conjecture aught, no drizzling shower, / But rattling storm of arrows barbed with fire.

   • 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, IV.iii:

     Undoubtedly—when Ingratitude barbs the Dart of Injury—the wound has double danger in it—

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

   • 1944, Emily Carr, “Meg the Worker”, in The House of All Sorts:

     Her coat was a tangled mass, barbed with last year's burs, matted disgustingly with cow dung.

2. (Nigeria) To cut (hair).
3. (obsolete) To shave or dress the beard of.
4. (obsolete) To clip; to mow.
   • c. 1603 (date written), Iohn Marston, The Malcontent, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for William Aspley, […], published 1604, →OCLC, Act III, scene ii:

     O thou pale ſober night, / […] / The ſtooping Sitheman that dooth barbe the field, / Thou makſt winke ſure: […]

語源 2

Clipping of Barbary.

名詞

barb (複数形 barbs)

1. The Barbary horse, a superior breed introduced from Barbary into Spain by the Moors.
   • 1813, Lord Byron, The Giaour, a Fragment of a Turkish Tale, 8th edition, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], for John Murray, […], →OCLC, lines 699–700, page 34:

     Why sends not the Bridegroom his promised gift, / Is his heart more cold, or his barb less swift?

   • 2009 October, Laurent Roustan, “The Horse, Present since the Dawn of Time”, in Alphatrad Internationale, transl., Au Royaume du Cheval: Les Haras Nationaux du Maroc [In the Kingdom of the Horse: The National Studs of Morocco], Souyri, Aveyron, France: Editions Au fil du Temps, →ISBN:

     However, in the last few years, the stud farms in Morocco and elsewhere in the world have rediscovered the qualities of the barb, which, in Berber tradition, remains the king of the "fantasias", a festival that is also becoming fashionable once again.

2. A blackish or dun variety of pigeon, originally brought from Barbary.

語源 3

Clipping of barbiturate.

名詞

barb (複数形 barbs)

1. (informal, pharmacology) A barbiturate.

   Coordinate term: benzo

   • 1998, Jerry Dorsman, How to Quit Drugs for Good: A Complete Self-Help Guide, New York, NY: Three Rivers Press, →ISBN, page 50:

     The benzos, it turns out, are just as highly addicting as the barbs, but they do have a much lower potential to cause death by overdose. […] The barbs became one of the most widely abused classes of drugs in the 1960s and 1970s.

語源 4

Corruption of bard.

名詞

barb (複数形 barbs)

1. Armor for a horse.
   • 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 29:

     The defensive armor with the horses of the ancient knights ... These are frequently, though improperly, stiled barbs.

動詞

barb (三人称単数 現在形 barbs, 現在分詞 barbing, 過去形および過去分詞形 barbed)

1. To cover a horse in armor.
   • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], line 10:

     And now, in stead of mounting barbed steeds / To fright the souls of fearful adversaries, / He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber […].

Further reading

• barb on Wikipedia.
• barb (fish) on Wikipedia.
• Barb in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

アナグラム

• BBAR, Rabb, abbr, abbr.