pruneとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音)IPA^(key): /pɹuːn/
• (General American)IPA^(key): /pɹun/
• (General Australian)IPA^(key): /pɹʉːn/
  • 韻: -uːn

語源 1

From Middle English prune, from Old French prune, from Vulgar Latin *prūna, feminine singular formed from the neutral plural of Latin prūnum, from Ancient Greek προῦνον (proûnon), variant of προῦμνον (proûmnon, “plum”), a loanword from a language of Asia Minor. Doublet of plum.

名詞

prune (複数形 prunes)

1. (obsolete) A plum.
2. The dried, wrinkled fruit of certain species of plum.

   Hyponym: alubukhara

3. (figurative) Something wrinkly like a prune.
   • 1970, Dana Densmore, “Without You And Within You”, in No More Fun & Games, volume 4, page 55:

     We are not free when we are in the grip of the false conditioning that decrees that we need sex. We are not free if we believe the culture's ominous warnings that we will become "horny" (what a callous, offensive word) and frustrated and neurotic and finally shrivel up into prunes and have to abandon hope of being good, creative, effective people.

4. (slang) An old woman, especially a wrinkly one.

動詞

prune (三人称単数 現在形 prunes, 現在分詞 pruning, 過去形および過去分詞形 pruned)

1. (intransitive, informal) To become wrinkled like a dried plum, as the fingers and toes do when kept submerged in water.
   • 2005, Alycia Ripley, Traveling with an Eggplant, page 111:

     I hardly left that spot in my pool that month even when my fingers pruned and chlorine dried out my skin.

同意語

• see Thesaurus:old woman

上位語

• fruit

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English prunen, prounen, proinen, from Old French proignier (“to trim the feathers with the beak”), earlier prooignier, ultimately from Latin pro- ("front") + rotundus (“round”) 'to round-off the front'.

動詞

prune (三人称単数 現在形 prunes, 現在分詞 pruning, 過去形および過去分詞形 pruned)

1. (transitive, horticulture) To remove excess material from a tree or shrub; to trim, especially to make more healthy or productive.

   A good grape grower will prune the vines once a year.

   • c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], page 191:

     But poore old man, thou prun'ſt a rotten tree, / That cannot ſo much as a bloſſome yeelde

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     Our delightful task / To prune these growing plants, and tend these flowers.

2. (transitive, figurative) To cut down or shorten (by the removal of unnecessary material).

   to prune a budget, or an essay

   • 1605, Francis Bacon, “(please specify |book=1 または 2)”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC:

     taking into consideration how they [laws] are to be pruned and reformed

3. (transitive, computer science) To remove unnecessary branches from a tree data structure.
4. (obsolete) To preen; to prepare; to dress.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     She gins her feathers fowle disfigured
     Prowdly to prune, and sett on every side.

   • 1677, John Dryden, “Epilogue”, in All for Love or, The world well lost:

     For 'tis observed of every scribbling man, / He grows a fop as fast as e'er he can; / Prunes up, and asks his oracle, the glass, / If pink or purple best become his face.

派生語

• pruning
• alpha-beta pruning ^en

アナグラム

• Perun, unrep

Latin

名詞

prūne

1. vocative singular of prūnus