英和和英

語源 1

文字

O (upper case, lower case o, plural Os or O's)

1. The fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
   • 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 421:

     "Supposing somebody sees you, with all those flowers too? Supposing somebody writes him a letter? Ooooh!" (a pure round open Tamil O.)

名詞

O (plural Os or O's)

1. Something shaped like the letter O.
   • 1938, Norman Lindsay, chapter XX, in Age of Consent, London: T[homas] Werner Laurie […], →OCLC, page 213:

     She was lying in the lee of a fowlhouse in a crumpled posture, as if cohesion had been detached from her joints, which lobbed her in an untidy heap, like a lot of old bones, tied together with string. Her skull was hitched under her humped shoulders and her fallen jaw made a lipless O of her mouth, giving it an expression of imbecile astonishment.

2. (uncountable) A blood type that lacks A or B antigens and may only receive transfusions of similar type O blood, but may donate to all (neglecting Rh factor). Synonym: universal donor.

参考

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

数

O (upper case, lower case o, plural Os or O's)

1. The fifteenth numeral symbol of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

語源 2

From 中期英語 O, o, from 古期英語 o, from Latin o and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô, interjection). Featured prominently in William Tyndale's 1525 translation of the New Testament.

別の表記

• o
• ô (obsolete)

不変化詞

O

1. The vocative particle, used for direct address.

   O Death! O Death! Won't you spare me over till another year? - part of the refrain from the American folk song "A Conversation with Death".

   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Romans ij:[1, 3], folio cc, verso:

     Therfore arte thou inexcuſable o man whoſoever thou be that iudgeſt. For in that ſame where in thou iudgeſt another / thou cõdemneſt thy ſilfe. For thou that iudgeſt doest evẽ the ſame ſilfe thynges. […] Thynkeſt thou O man that iudgeſt them which do ſoche thyngꝭ and yet doſt evẽ the very ſame / that thou ſhalt eſcape the iudgemẽt of God?

   • c. 1810-1820?, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Notes on Macbeth

     O! the affecting beauty of the death of Cawdor, and the presentimental speech of the king: […]

   • 1961, Norma Lorre Goodrich, “Beowulf”, in The Medieval Myths, New York: The New American Library, page 35:

     “Lift up your head and your heart, O King. We must follow after this dreadnought, hard on her tracks.”

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:O.

使用する際の注意点

• The word O is typically written in upper case in modern usage.
• O is often used in translations from languages which have the vocative case.
• Although it is not strictly archaic, the particle is sometimes used archaizingly. It conveys a formal or reverential tone.

派生語

• O Antiphon
• O Canada

名詞

O (plural Oes)

1. An utterance of the vocative O.

参考

• Anglo-Saxon: ēalā, ǣlā, hēlā.
• la (a particle for introducing a statement or expressing surprise), lo
• oh.

語源 3

Abbreviation.

名詞

O (countable and uncountable, plural Os)

1. (printing) American Library Association abbreviation of octavo, a book size (20-25 cm).
2. (soccer) Someone associated with Leyton Orient Football Club, as a player, coach, supporter etc.
3. (cricket) The number of overs bowled.
4. (slang) Orgasm.

   Synonym: big O

   • 1998 October 17, M6968, “STORY: The Violation of Sunny a wrestling story, by Wonder Mike”, in alt.sex.stories‎ (Usenet), retrieved 22 November 2014:

     Sunny felt some cold and wet press against her pussy, it startled her, then it's tongue went deep inside of her, she had been eaten out before, but never this could, who ever was doing it was a real pro, and had to have the longest tongue in the world it was buried at least three inches inside of her and was taking long, hard strokes, it was trying to get even deeper, it was only seconds before she started shaking from her first O.

   • 1999 March 31, JT aka GF, “Re: mary p., hex and going "downtown"”, in alt.psst.hoy‎ (Usenet), retrieved 22 November 2014:

     Further on, when she's about to reach her first O, the taste turns from no taste to champagne-like.

   • 2010, Lonnie Hicks, Einstein, Religion, Politics and Literature, page 308:

     She thought you could get pregnant from tonguing when kissing; about her first O and how it scared her; how she looked in the mirror afterwards to see if she had changed; about how scared she was when it came time to deliver the baby.

   • 2011 June 14, wtw, “{wtw} - "4someWithFriends" (1/1)”, in alt.sex.stories‎ (Usenet), retrieved 22 November 2014:

     Now my friend was fingering my wife and licking her clit. My wife reached her first O of the night.

5. (slang, uncountable) Opium.
   • 1952, Collier's: Incorporating Features of the American Magazine, page 22:

     We lay on our stomachs on the living-room floor in a circle around our host, a skinny little man who said he'd been smoking O for 20 years.

形容詞

O (not comparable)

1. (historical) Abbreviation of morally offensive, film classification of the National Legion of Decency.
2. (Judaism) Abbreviation of Orthodox.

語源 4

Korean 오(伍) (O) or 오(吳) (O). Doublet of Wu.

別の表記

• Oh, Oe, Au

固有名詞

O

1. A surname from Korean.

語源 5

From Mandarin 鄂 (È) Wade–Giles romanization: O⁴.

別の表記

• (from Hanyu Pinyin) E

発音

• IPA: /ʌ/, enPR: ŭ
• 韻: -ʌ

固有名詞

O

1. A surname from Mandarin Chinese.
2. Alternative form of E (Ancient Chinese Kingdom)
   • [1906, Frederick D. Cloud, Hangchow, the "City of Heaven"‎, Shanghai: Presbyterian Mission Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 53:

     ACCORDING to various inscriptions about this famous temple we are told that it was erected to the memory of Ya Fei, "An Unswerving Guardian to the Heir-Apparent," of the Sung dynasty; "A Loyal-to-the-end Minister," who came from the ancient state of O-Kuo, the present Wu Ch'ang-fu of Hupei; and that it was erected by the Emperor Hsiao Tsung as an atonement for the weakness and follies of his father, Kao Tsung, toward a faithful servant of the empire who came to his untimely death through the diabolical schemes of men in high estate. Moreover, that after his death and burial, when the empire came to appreciate his great services to the people, the posthumous title of " Prince of O-Kuo" was bestowed upon his sacred memory.]

   • 1944, Harold Burgoyne Rattenbury, China, My China‎, →OCLC, page 51:

     In ancient times Wuchang was the capital city of the Kingdom of O. In Manchu times it was the residence of the Viceroy of the two provinces of Hupeh and Hunan. Since then its fortunes have changed with changing politics.

   • 1976, Noel Barnard, The Proceedings of a Symposium on Scientific Methods of Research in the Study of Ancient Chinese Bronzes and Southeast Asian Metal and Other Archaeological Artifacts, October 6-10, 1975, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne‎, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 107:

     ⁶There are actually several geographical identifications proposed for the State of O: Wu-ch'ang in Hupei, Huai-ch'ing in Honan, and Fu-fang, Shensi (in the south-east thereof). As two inscriptions connected with the State of O refer to invasions....

   • 2006, Ch'ien Ssu-ma, edited by William H. Nienhauser, Jr., The Grand Scribe's Records,‎, volume V.1, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 385:

     […] Yang-yüeh 楊粵,⁴⁰ reaching as far as O 鄂.⁴¹ […] He then enthroned his elder son K'ang 康⁴³ as King of Kou Tan 句亶,⁴⁴ his middle song Hung 紅 as King of O 鄂,⁴⁵ and his younger son Chih-tz'u 執疵 as King of Yüeh-chang 越章.⁴⁶

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:O.

関連する語

• O-ch'eng, O-chou

語源 6

From Hokkien 烏 / 乌 (o͘, “black”) or Teochew 烏 / 乌 (ou, “black”).

発音

• (Singapore) IPA: /oʊ/, [ˈoː˦], [ˈo], (approximating Hokkien) /ɔː(˦)/

形容詞

O (not comparable)

1. (Singapore, colloquial, used as a modifier after kopi (“coffee”) or teh (“tea”)) With sugar and no condensed milk added.
   • 2003, Ixus, soc.culture.singapore‎ (Usenet):

     Better try their kopi-o tarik. Our version nowadays taste like cough medicine. LOL!

派生語

関連する語

参考

使用する際の注意点

• Historical Latin texts did not generally distinguish short and long vowels orthographically. In modern texts and editions of older texts, the vowels are typically written ⟨O⟩ and ⟨Ō⟩ to mark the length distinction.

参考

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, V v, X x, Y y, Z z

語源 1

Originally a special use of the interjection O or oh appended to street cries and nautical calls to project a hail or shout (as in milk-oh, smoke-oh, and sail-ho). Its later use as a colloquializing noun suffix, particularly prominent in Australian English, developed from the substantivation of these cries (e.g., smoko), reinforced by early nautical adaptations of Mediterranean Lingua Franca or pseudo‐Spanish words (such as guardo). As noted by the Australian National Dictionary, this vocative “hailing” origin naturally led to its frequent attachment to personal names to form nicknames (e.g., John‐o, Jacko).

Some senses may also derive from o (“one”), from 中期英語 o, oo, a variant of a, on, oon, an (“one”). See one and -y.

別の表記

• -oh

接尾辞

-o (noun-forming suffix, plural -os or -oes)
-o (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -o, superlative most -o)

1. (historical) A vocative or exclamative particle appended to street cries, nautical calls, or names to project a hail or shout.

   ‎smoke + ‎-o → ‎smoko

   ‎milk + ‎-o → ‎milko

2. A colloquializing suffix, typically appended to names, abbreviations of long words, or substantive uses of adjectives.

   ‎kid + ‎-o → ‎kiddo

   ‎sick + ‎-o → ‎sicko

   ‎ugly + ‎-o → ‎uggo

   • 1991, Stephen Fry, chapter III, in The Liar, London: William Heinemann, →ISBN, page 26:

     Adrian thought it worth while to try out his new slang. ‘I say, you fellows, here’s a rum go. Old Biffo was jolly odd this morning. He gave me a lot of pi‐jaw about slacking and then invited me to tea. No rotting! He did really.’

使用する際の注意点

Occasionally, the terminal consonant of the clipped form is doubled for clarity of pronunciation, as with uggo and doggo. It sometimes does change the meaning of words, usually by being applied to adjectives to indicate a person with a pronounced trait, as with weirdo (“weird person”), or to nouns used metonymously to indicate a person with a pronounced connection to the other object, as with wino (“poor or vagrant alcoholic”). Especially in American English, some uses of this suffix are understood as dated slang, as with bucko and neato. The suffix is most frequently and widely encountered in Australian English, which has additional uses (such as rego for registration and nasho for national service) that are never or only extremely rarely encountered in other dialects.

Its meaning is very similar to some uses of -y and its use is particularly common where use of -y might cause misunderstanding, as with randy and rando, journey and journo, whiny and wino. However, unlike -y, the -o suffix typically lacks a diminutive connotation, conveying instead a robust, rowdy, or familiar tone owing to its origins as a shouted hail.

派生語

参考

• -ie, -y

語源 2

From many Spanish or Italian words that end in o. This ending in such Spanish or Italian words generally derives from -um, the accusative singular inflectional ending for masculine and neuter nouns in Latin.

接尾辞

-o

1. (humorous) Converts certain words to faux Italian or Spanish. Can be used with Spanish el for expressions such as el stinko.

   no problemo

派生語

• problemo
• stinko
• enduro

語源 3

Rebracketing of typo.

接尾辞

-o (noun-forming suffix, plural -os)

1. Added to verb stems to create a noun describing an error relating to the action described by the verb.

派生語

派生語

接尾辞

-o

1. (Anglian, Kentish) alternative form of -e, as used to form the first person singular present indicative of strong verbs and class I weak verbs
2. alternative form of -u

語源 1

From Proto-Indo-European *-ō, *-on-, perhaps (controversially) merged with "Hoffmann's suffix" *-h₃ō, *-h₃onh₂-; in Latin, the vowel length of nominative ō was made common to all cases. Etymologically, it forms part of the abstract noun suffixes -iō f, -tiō f. Non-abstract nouns ending in the suffix -ō, -ōnis are typically masculine.

The ending -ō, -inis, with short -i- in the oblique stem because of ablaut, is not a productive suffix by itself in historical Latin. However, it appears as the final component of various productive feminine noun suffixes: -āgō f, -īgō f, -ūgō f, -tūdō f, -ēdō f (e.g. dulcēdō, dulcēdinis f). There are also a handful of nouns where -ō, -inis is directly attached to a verbal root, such as prōpāgō, prōpāginis f; compāgō, compāginis f; aspergō, asperginis f; offendō, *offendinis f. Finally, -ō, -inis appears as an ending in some nouns, masculine and feminine, that effectively function as simple, underived words in Latin: e.g. margō, marginis m or f; virgō, virginis f; cardō, cardinis m.

別の表記

• -iō m

接尾辞

-ō m (genitive -ōnis); third declension

1. Used to form masculine nouns with various meanings:
   1. forms nouns, often colloquial or pejorative, designating a type of person.

      ‎cōci- + ‎-ō → ‎cōciō m (“broker”)

      ‎centuria (“century”) + ‎-ō → ‎centuriō m (“centurion”)

      1. attached to verb stems, forms agent nouns

         Synonyms: -a¹, -tor

         ‎combibere (“to drink together”) + ‎-ō → ‎combibō m (“drinking buddy”)

         ‎vāpulāre (“to get beaten”) + ‎-ō → ‎vāpulō m (“who gets frequently flogged”)

         ‎errāre (“to wander, roam”) + ‎-ō → ‎errō m (“wanderer, vagabond”)

      2. attached to noun stems, forms nicknames meaning "one who has a prominent (or overly large)"

         ‎caput (“head”) + ‎-ō → ‎capitō m (“one who has a (too) large head”)

      3. attached to noun stems, forms nouns meaning "dealer in" or "worker in"

         Synonym: -ārius

         ‎linteum (“linen”) + ‎-ō → ‎linteō m (“one who deals in or works with linen”)

         ‎restis (“rope”) + ‎-ō → ‎restiō m (“one who makes or sells rope”)

   2. also forms names, especially cognomina.

      ‎aquila (“eagle”) + ‎-ō → ‎Aquilō (“the North wind”)

      ‎incubāre (“to lie on top”) + ‎-ō → ‎Incubō (“a spirit that watches over buried treasures”)

      ‎cūria (“curia”) + ‎-ō → ‎Cūriō

      ‎cicer (“chickpea”) + ‎-ō → ‎Cicerō

      ‎vārus (“bow-legged”) + ‎-ō → ‎Varrō

      ‎catus (“clever, shrewd”) + ‎-ō → ‎Catō

      ‎conger (“sea-eel”) + ‎-ō → ‎Congriō (“name of a cook in Plautus”)

   3. (Late Latin) also added as an ending to some inanimate nouns.

      ‎cōleus (“testicle”) + ‎-ō → ‎cōleō m (“testicle”)

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

• Franco-Provençal: -on
• French: -on
  • → English: -oon
• Italian: -one
• Portuguese: -ão
• Romanian: -oi, -oni
• Sicilian: -uni, -una
• Spanish: -ón

参照

• “-ō¹” on page 1,210/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

語源 2

From Proto-Italic *-ōd, an ablative suffix, derived from Proto-Indo-European *-éad.

接尾辞

-ō (superlative -issimē or -issimō)

1. forms adverbs

   prīmus + -ō → prīmō

   tūtus + -ō → tūtō

派生語

参照

• “-ō²” on page 1,210/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

語源 3

From Proto-Italic *-āō, from denominative verbs with *-eh₂-yé-ti, in which the first person singular ends in *-eh₂-yóh₂ > intermediate phase **-ājō with accent shift > Proto-Italic *-āō (e.g., laudō, dōnō, pugnō, cūrō). Cognates of the whole first conjugation in the present in Latin and Proto-Italic include Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną), Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), -अयति (-ayati) (for the causative in Sanskrit), Proto-Celtic *-āti and Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei (whence the infinite Proto-Slavic *-ati, referring again to the whole conjugation).

Etymologically, this denominative suffix was not used to form all first-conjugation verbs. It can be distinguished in origin from the following types that happened to fall together with it phonetically:

• Verbs from roots in *-h₁- (e.g. flō).
• Verbs from roots in *-h₂- (e.g. for, nō, hiō, domō, iuvō).
• Verbs from roots in *-h₃- (e.g. dō, lavō, arō).
• In one exceptional case, by sound laws acting on *-h₂ + stative suffix *-éh₁-ye-ti, whence *-h₂-éh₁-ye-ti. This case is the verb stō: *sth₂-éh₁-ye-ti > *staēō > stō).

接尾辞

-ō (present infinitive -āre, perfect active -āvī, supine -ātum); first conjugation

1. suffixed to nouns or adjectives. Originally a-stem nouns. Later extended to nouns with other stems. Forms regular first-conjugation verbs

   ‎cūra + ‎-ō → ‎cūrō

   ‎dōnum + ‎-ō → ‎dōnō

   ‎laus (oblique stem in laud-) + ‎-ō → ‎laudō

   ‎multa + ‎-ō → ‎multō

   ‎nūndinae + ‎-or → ‎nūndinor (deponent)

Conjugation

At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

派生語

派生した語

(from infinitive -āre:)

参照

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• “-ō³” on page 1,210/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

語源 4

Some third-conjugation verbs show a shift to the first declension in composition, such as pellō, pellere vs. -pellō, -pellāre (in compellō, compellāre and interpellō, interpellāre) or sternō, sternere vs. cōnsternō, cōnsternāre. Schrijver (1991) derives the simplex third-conjugation versions from nasal presents in *-n-H-ti of the type *tl-n-h₂-ti > *tl̥năti > tollit (arguing that Proto-Indo-European present forms in *-né-H-ti, showing the full grade of the suffix, were replaced by paradigmatic leveling) and proposes that the compounds were derived by addition of the thematic suffix *-ye-/-yo- to *-nă-, forming *-năye-/-năyo-. In this case, the Proto-Italic form would be *-aō. Traditionally, these compound verbs in -āre were explained as "intensive" forms alongside cases like occupō, occupāre, but Schrijver argues that the latter are clearly denominative while the former are clearly not.

接尾辞

-ō (present infinitive -āre, perfect active -āvī, supine -ātum); first conjugation

1. suffixed to third-conjugation verbs in composition, forms regular first-conjugation verbs

   com- + pellō (pres. act. inf.: pellere) + -ō → compellō (pres. act. inf.: compellāre)

   prō- + flīgō (pres. act. inf.: flīgere) + -ō → prōflīgō (pres. act. inf.: prōflīgāre)

派生語

参照

語源 5

From Proto-Italic *-ō, from at least two sources:

1. Proto-Indo-European thematic *-e-ti in which the first person singular ends in *-oh₂ (e.g., agō < *h₂éǵeti; coquo < *pékʷeti; discō < *di-dḱ-ské-ti).
2. Proto-Indo-European athematic *-ti, in which the first person singular ends in *-mi (e.g., dūcō < *déwkti; edō < *h₁édti; linquō < *linékʷti).

別の表記

• -iō

接尾辞

-ō (present infinitive -ere, perfect active -ī, supine -um); third conjugation

1. forms regular third-conjugation verbs

Conjugation

At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.