incumbentとは 意味・読み方・使い方
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意味・対訳 現職の、在職の、義務としてかかって
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incumbentの学習レベル | レベル:10英検:1級以上の単語学校レベル:大学院以上の水準 |
「incumbent」を含む例文一覧
該当件数 : 95件
It's incumbent on [upon] you to do your best.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
最善を尽くすのが君の責任だ. - 研究社 新英和中辞典
It is incumbent on us to support him.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
彼を援護するのが義務だ。 - Tanaka Corpus
In the coming election, we will see a new candidate face the incumbent mayor in single combat [clash head‐on with the incumbent mayor].発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
こんどの市長選は現職と新人候補 2 人の一騎打ちになった. - 研究社 新和英中辞典
It should be incumbent on the research team.例文帳に追加
それはリサーチ班の義務であるべきだ。 - Weblio Email例文集
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ハイパー英語辞書での「incumbent」の意味 |
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incumbent
用例 | It was incumbent on them to attend. |
印欧語根 | ||
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en | 中に、中への意。内側、内部、「…の間で」を表すこともある。重要な派生語は、and,接頭辞en-(enableなど)、接頭辞in-(increaseなど)、接頭辞inter-(interceptなど)、接頭辞intro-(introduceなど)などの単語。 |
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in- | (il-,im-,ir-)1.…の中に |
Wiktionary英語版での「incumbent」の意味 |
incumbent
発音
語源 1
From Latin incumbentem + English -ent (suffix denoting the causing, doing, または promoting of an action). Incumbentem is the accusative singular of incumbēns (“reclining”), the present active participle of incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean または recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘against; into; on, upon’) + *cumbō (“to lie down, recline”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb-).[1]
形容詞
incumbent (comparative more incumbent, superlative most incumbent)
- Chiefly followed by on or upon: leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else.
- 1624, Henry Wotton, The Elements of Architecture, […], London: […] Iohn Bill, →OCLC, II. part, page 103:
- [I]f the great Doore, be Arched, vvith ſome braue Head, cut in fine Stone or Marble for the Key of the Arch, and tvvo Incumbent Figures gracefully leaning vpon it, tovvards one another, as if they meant to conferre; I ſhould thinke this a ſufficient entertainement, for the firſt Reception, of any Iudicious Sight, […]
- 1659 December 30 (date written), Robert Boyle, “[Experiment 1]”, in New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall, Touching the Spring of the Air, and Its Effects, (Made, for the Most Part, in a New Pneumatical Engine) […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] H[enry] Hall, printer to the University, for Tho[mas] Robinson, published 1660, →OCLC, page 33:
- [U]pon the tops of high Mountains, the Air vvhich bears againſt the reſtagnant Quick-ſilver, is leſs preſſ'd by the leſs ponderous incumbent Air; and conſequently is not able totally to hinder the deſcent of ſo tall and heavy a Cylinder of Quick-ſilver, as at the bottom of ſuch Mountains did but maintain an Æquilibrium vvith the incumbent Atmoſphere.
- (botany) Of an anther: lying on the inner side of the filament; also, of a cotyledon: having its back lying against the radicle.
- 1857, Asa Gray, “Lesson XVII. Morphology of the Stamens.”, in First Lessons in Botany and Vegetable Physiology, […], New York, N.Y.: Ivison & Phinney and G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam & Co., […], →OCLC, paragraph 293, page 113:
- [T]he anther either looks inwards or outwards. When it is turned inwards, or is fixed to that side of the filament which looks towards the pistil or centre of the flower, the anther is incumbent or intorse, as in Magnolia and the Water-Lily. When turned outwards, or fixed to the outer side of the filament, it is extorse, as in the Tulip-tree.
- (zoology) Of a body part such as a hair, spine, or wing: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; specifically (ornithology), of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support.
- (figurative)
- Being the current holder of an office or a title; specifically (Christianity, obsolete), of an ecclesiastical benefice.
- 1655, Thomas Fuller, “Section II. The Seventh Century.”, in James Nichols, editor, The Church History of Britain, […], new edition, volume I, London: […] [James Nichols] for Thomas Tegg and Son, […], published 1837, →OCLC, book II, subsection 68 (England Divided into Parishes. A.D. 637.), page 120:
- But whether parishes,—as usually understood for places bounded in regard of the profits from the people therein, payable only to a pastor incumbent there;—I say, whether such parishes were extant in this age, may well be questioned, as inconsistent with the community of ecclesiastic profits, which then seemed jointly enjoyed by the bishop and his clergy.
- 2023 May 7, Dan Bilefsky, “Did China Help Vancouver’s Mayor Win Election?”, in The New York Times[1], New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-04:
- Analysts said that, while China sought to wield political influence in Vancouver, whatever role it played was unlikely to have swung the vote. ¶ Kennedy Stewart, the incumbent mayor and Mr. [Ken] Sim's left-wing rival, agreed. "Chinese interference isn't the primary reason I lost," he said. "But it may have been a contributing factor." He received 29 percent of the vote to Mr. Sim's 51 percent.
- Oppressive, pressuring.
- Followed by on or upon: imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one's office or position.
- 1713, George Berkeley, “The Third Dialogue”, in Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous. […], London: […] G[eorge] James, for Henry Clements, […], →OCLC, page 144:
- But, as for ſolid, corporeal Subſtances, I deſire you to ſhevv vvhere Moſes makes any mention of them; and, if they ſhou'd be mentioned by him, or any other inſpired VVriter, it vvou'd ſtill be incumbent on you to ſhevv, thoſe VVords vvere not taken in the vulgar Acceptation, or an unknovvn Quiddity, vvith an abſolute Exiſtence.
- 1870 April–September, Charles Dickens, “A Settler in Cloisterham”, in The Mystery of Edwin Drood, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1870, →OCLC, page 143:
- He begged Mrs. Tope's pardon when she found it incumbent on her to correct him in every detail of his summary of the facts, but pleaded that he was merely a single buffer getting through life upon his means as idly as he could, and that so many people were so constantly making away with so many other people, as to render it difficult for a buffer of an easy temper to preserve the circumstances of the several cases unmixed in his mind.
- (poetic) Hanging or leaning over.
- (obsolete) Putting much effort into an activity or some work.
- 1549 February 10 (Gregorian calendar; indicated as 1548), Erasmus, “The Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Ghospell of S. Luke. Chapter XIX.”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., The First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Newe Testamente, London: […] Edwarde Whitchurche, →OCLC, folio cxlix, recto:
- And lovve menne ſpiritually are ſuche, as are incumbente and dooe reſt on filthy or vile and tranſitory thynges.
- 1814 July 7, [Walter Scott], “Education”, in Waverley; […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 34:
- [H]e foresaw not that he was losing for ever the opportunity of acquiring habits of firm and incumbent application, of gaining the art of controuling, directing, and concentrating the powers of his own mind for earnest investigation,—an art far more essential than even that learning which is the primary object of study.
- (obsolete) Weighing on one's mind.
- 1651, Thomas Hobbes, “Of Crimes, Excuses, and Extenuations”, in Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: […] [William Wilson] for Andrew Crooke, […], →OCLC, 2nd part (Of Common-wealth), page 155:
- Being the current holder of an office or a title; specifically (Christianity, obsolete), of an ecclesiastical benefice.
派生語
- incumbently
- subincumbent
- superincumbent
- superincumbently
語源 2
From Middle English incumbent, encumbent (“holder of an ecclesiastical benefice, dean, parson, etc.; cleric (?)”),[2] from Medieval Latin incumbēns (“holder of a church position”) + Middle English -ent (suffix denoting one that causes, does, または promotes an action). Incumbēns is derived from Medieval Latin incumbō (“to obtain; to possess”),[3][4] from Latin incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean または recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”): see etymology 1.
名詞
incumbent (複数形 incumbents)
- The current holder of an office or title; (specifically, Christianity) the holder of an ecclesiastical benefice.
- Antonym: nonincumbent
- Coordinate term: (dated, まれに) incumbentess
- 1940, William Faulkner, chapter 3, in The Hamlet […], London: Chatto & Windus, published 1979, →ISBN, book 1 (Flem), section 1, page 61:
- But if they had waited about the store to see what would happen when he arrived who until last night anyway must have still believed himself the incumbent, they were disappointed. […] A few days later they learned that the new smith was living in the house […]
- 2012 October 6, “The first presidential debate: Back in the centre, back in the game”, in The Economist[4], London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-10-06:
- Mr [Barack] Obama's problems were partly structural. An incumbent must defend the realities and compromises of government, while a challenger is freer to promise the earth, details to follow. Mr Obama's odd solution was to play both incumbent and challenger, jumping from a defence of his record to indignation at such ills as over-crowded classrooms and tax breaks for big oil companies.
- 2023 September 24, David Remnick, “The Washington Gerontocracy”, in The New Yorker[5], New York, N.Y.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-30:
- But the prospect of a Presidential election as a contest of the ancients is not a heartening one, and the anxieties it provokes cannot be dismissed as ageism. What are younger people, especially, to make of a political culture in which incumbents cling so tenaciously to their seats? The median age for senators is now around sixty-five. Mitt Romney, announcing his retirement, at the age of seventy-six, wasn't wrong to declare that it is time for a new generation of leaders to take the helm.
- (business) A holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits.
- Antonym: nonincumbent
- 2012 September 29, “Schumpeter: Fixing the capitalist machine”, in The Economist[6], London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-09-29:
- American capitalism is becoming like its European cousin: established firms with the scale and scope to deal with a growing thicket of regulations are doing well, but new companies are withering on the vine or selling themselves to incumbents.
派生語
- incumbence (廃れた用法)
- incumbency
- incumbentess (dated, まれに)
- nonincumbent
参照
- ^ Compare “incumbent, adj.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, July 2023; “incumbent, adj.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “incumbent, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ incumbens in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- ^ Compare “incumbent, n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, July 2023; “incumbent, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Further reading
- incumbent on Wikipedia.
- “incumbent”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- Asa Gray (1857), “[Glossary […].] Incumbent.”, in First Lessons in Botany and Vegetable Physiology, […], New York, N.Y.: Ivison & Phinney and G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam & Co., […], →OCLC, page 219: “leaning or resting on; the cotyledons are incumbent when the back of one of them lies against the radicle; the anthers are incumbent when turned or looking inwards”.
Latin
Weblio例文辞書での「incumbent」に類似した例文 |
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「incumbent」を含む例文一覧
該当件数 : 95件
a vote taken by a parliament to determine whether the incumbent government should continue to govern発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
議会が政府を信任するか否かを決める投票 - EDR日英対訳辞書
The company was established in 1950 by the incumbent chairman.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
その会社は1950年に今の会長が設立した。 - Tanaka Corpus
The press always has something on the incumbent.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
報道機関は現職議員についてはいつもマル秘情報をつかんでいます。 - Tanaka Corpus
The incumbent's defeat dealt a serious blow to the Koizumi Cabinet's efforts to boost its approval ratings.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
現職者の敗北は,支持率の引き上げに努力している小泉内閣に深刻な打撃を与えた。 - 浜島書店 Catch a Wave
Although the incumbent mayor was backed by the Democratic Party of Japan, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Japanese Communist Party, he lost by a landslide.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
現職の市長は民主党,自民党,日本共産党の支援を受けていたが,大差で敗れた。 - 浜島書店 Catch a Wave
Nakada beat the incumbent Takahide Hidenobu who was backed by the Liberal Democratic Party, the New Komeito, the New Conservative Party and the Social Democratic Party.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
中田氏は,自民党,公明党,保守党,社民党に推薦されていた現職の高(たか)秀(ひで)秀(ひで)信(のぶ)氏を破った。 - 浜島書店 Catch a Wave
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