cousinとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈkʌzn̩/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈkʌzɪn/, /ˈkʌz(ə)n/
• (米国発音, weak vowel merger) IPA^(key): [ˈkʰɐz.ɹ̩n]
• Homophone: cozen (weak vowel merger)
• 韻: -ʌzən
• ハイフネーション: cou‧sin

名詞

cousin (複数形 cousins)

1. The child of a person's uncle or aunt; a first cousin.

   Synonym: first cousin

   I think my cousin is a good man.

2. (archaic) A kinsman.
3. Any relation who is not a direct ancestor or descendant but part of one's extended family; one more distantly related than an uncle, aunt, granduncle, grandaunt, nephew, niece, grandnephew, grandniece, etc.
4. (obsolete) A title formerly given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to those of the council. In English writs, etc., issued by the crown, it signifies any earl.
   • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

     My noble lords and cousins, all, good morrow.

5. (figurative) Something kindred or related to something else.
   • 2003 November 21, Tim Homfray, “What do they mean...”, in Times Educational Supplement, UK, retrieved 20 November 2012:

     Partnering, along with its less irritating cousin "partnership", crops up all over the place, being equally useful to the lazy jargoneer and the lazy policy-maker. It has been said that there is no noun which cannot be verbed; in the same way, there is now nothing, concrete or abstract, which cannot be partnered.

   • 2015 July 23, Tessa Berenson, “NASA Discovers New Earth-Like Planet”, in Time‎^[1]:

     NASA has discovered an Earth-like planet orbiting around a star, which a NASA researcher called a “bigger, older cousin to Earth.”

6. (espionage, slang, chiefly in the plural) A member of the British intelligence services (from an American perspective) or of the American intelligence services (from a British perspective).

使用する際の注意点

• People who have common grandparents but different parents are first cousins. People who have common great-grandparents but no common grandparents and different parents are second cousins, and so on.
• In general, one's nth cousin is anyone other than oneself, one's siblings or nearer cousins found by going back n+1 generations and then forward n+1 generations. One of one's first cousin's parents is one's parents' siblings. One of one's second cousin's grandparents is one of one's grandparents' siblings.
• The child of one's first cousin or the first cousin of one's parent is one's first cousin once removed; the grandchild of one's first cousin or the first cousin of one's grandparent is one's first cousin twice removed, and so on. For example, if Phil and Marie are first cousins, and Marie has a son Andre, then Phil and Andre are first cousins once removed.
• In the southern US, the relation is considered the number of links between two people of common ancestry to the common aunt or uncle.
• A patrilineal or paternal cousin is a father's niece or nephew, and a matrilineal or maternal cousin a mother's. Paternal and maternal parallel cousins are father's brother's child and mother's sister's child, respectively; paternal and maternal cross cousins are father's sister's child and mother's brother's child, respectively.

下位語

派生語

参考

• once removed
• twice removed

Further reading

• cousin on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• scioun