runoffとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

run +‎ off, from the verb phrase.

発音

名詞

runoff (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 runoffs)

1. That portion of precipitation or irrigation on an area which does not infiltrate or evaporate, but instead is discharged from the area.
   • 1994, Ruth Patrick, Rivers of the United States, Estuaries (page 138)

     The next series of high tides or large waves will tend to rebuild the berm and redam the stream. Ultimately, increased runoff due to fall or winter rains will raise the stream level to the point where it breaks through.

2. Dissolved chemicals, etc, included in such water.

   The runoff of nitrates is poisoning the lake.

3. (sports) A second or further round of a competition, after other competitors (often all but the last two) have been eliminated.
4. (politics) A second or further round of an indecisive election, after other candidates (often all but the last two) have been eliminated.

   There will now be a runoff as neither front runner received more than 50% of the vote.

   • 2012 April 23, Angelique Chrisafis, “François Hollande on top but far right scores record result in French election”, in The Guardian‎^[1]:

     It is one of the left's best ever results and will raise momentum for next month's final runoff where only the two candidates will compete against each other.

   • 2022 April 21, Michael Crowley, “U.S. Braces for Potential French Election Shockwave”, in The New York Times‎^[2], ISSN 0362-4331:

     Mr. Macron was unable to command more than a small plurality of support against several opponents in the first round of voting on April 10. Ms. Le Pen, who finished second, is his opponent in the runoff election on Sunday.

派生語

• surface runoff

動詞

run off (三人称単数 現在形 runs off, 現在分詞 running off, 過去形 ran off, 過去分詞 run off)

1. To flee or depart quickly.

   Don't run off before the end of the event.

   He ran off to France leaving her with all the debts and three children to bring up.

   • 1966, The Kinks, Sunny Afternoon

     My girlfriend's run off with my car
     And gone back to her ma and pa.

2. (idiomatic) To make photocopies, or print.

   Please run off a couple dozen more flyers to pass out.

3. (idiomatic) To write something quickly.

   Shakespeare could run off a play in just a couple of days.

4. (of a liquid) To pour or spill off or over.

   They kept a barrel to store rainwater that has run off the roof.

5. To cause to flow away.

   to run off a charge of molten metal from a furnace

6. To chase someone away.

   If anyone comes into this field, the bull will soon run them off.

7. To operate by a particular energy or fuel source.

   This radio runs off batteries.

8. to have diarrhea