runawayとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

run +‎ away

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹʌnəweɪ/

名詞

runaway (複数形 runaways)

1. A person or animal that runs away or has run away; a person, animal, or organization that escapes captivity or restrictions.

   Runaways are vulnerable to criminal exploitation.

   • c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Thou runaway, thou coward, art thou fled?

   • 1556, Ralph Robinson, Utopia: originally printed in Latin, 1516, translation of original by Sir Thomas More, page 96:

     If any man of his owne heade and without leaue, walke out of his precint and boundes, taken without the princes letters, he is broughte againe for a fugitiue or a runaway with great shame and rebuke, and is sharpely punished.

2. A vehicle (especially, a train) that is out of control.
   • 1850, “The Romance of the Electric Telegraph”, in New monthly magazine, volume 41:

     On New Year's Day, 1850, a catastrophe, which it is fearful to contemplate, was averted by the aid of the telegraph. A collision had occurred to an empty train at Gravesend; and the driver having leaped from his engine, the latter started alone at full speed to London. Notice was immediately given by telegraph to London and other stations; and while the line was kept clear, an engine and other arrangements were prepared as a buttress to receive the runaway.

   • 1886, John H. Cooper, “Handling Grain in California”, in Transactions, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, volume 7:

     Runaways are rendered impossible, as the machine can be instantly stopped by means of a double brake connected with the driver's seat

   • 1897, Editor American Machinist, “Runaway Engines and Governors”, in American machinist:

     We hear many ideas advanced as to the cause of engines running away, more especially in electric stations, while the wonder is that the runaways are so few.

   • 1950 January, David L. Smith, “A Runaway at Beattock”, in Railway Magazine, page 54:

     Just south of Wamphray Station, they overtook the runaway. The dim figure of Mitchell could be seen sitting huddled behind the stormboard. They shouted and whistled. He paid no attention.

   • 1962 April, “Motive power miscellany: Western Region”, in Modern Railways, page 280:

     The former Midland main lines out of Bristol were blocked for more than 18hr after a freight train runaway soon after midnight on February 7. "Jubilee" No. 45615 on the 4.20 p.m. Burton-Bristol freight, which conveyed a quantity of beer, lost control of its train on the 1 in 67 Fishponds incline and ran into the rear of empty stock [...].

3. (usually attributive) An object or process that is out of control or out of equilibrium.
   • 1989, Gerald Appel, Winning market systems:

     On the chart, the start of a runaway is marked by a box

   • 1993 June 15, CIO, volume 6, number 14, page 26:

     An IS executive's worst nightmare, such runaways are a fact of life. Practically all large companies and organizations have experienced a runaway or are wrestling with a seriously botched project.

   • 2000, F. Matteucci with Franco Giovannelli, The evolution of the Milky Way, page 142:

     The standard X-ray binary Cyg Xl, with a massive BH candidate, is a runaway, This could suggest that a SN explosion occurred. Cluster ejection to make a runaway can not be excluded although in the case of Cyg Xl, the progenitor runaway must have been a binary

   • 2008, Francis Stoessel, Thermal safety of chemical processes, page 257:

     Where practicable, this passive measure reduces the consequences of a runaway.

4. The act of running away, especially of a horse or teams.
   • 2012, John H. White, Jr., Wet Britches and Muddy Boots, page 171:

     The drivers were generally boys […] They would stop the team when other boats passed and at locks while waiting for the water to rise or fall. They could also be useful in preventing or stopping runaways. Horses were easily startled and might bolt off the tow path or into the canal itself.

5. An overwhelming victory.

   The home side won in a runaway.

形容詞

runaway (comparative more runaway, superlative most runaway)

1. Having run away; escaped; fugitive.

   a runaway thief

   1. (of a horse または other animal) Having escaped from the control of the rider or driver.

      a runaway donkey

   2. Pertaining to or accomplished by running away or eloping.

      a runaway marriage

2. Easily won, as a contest.

   a runaway victory at the polls

3. Accelerating out of control.

   a runaway train

   a runaway greenhouse effect

4. Unchecked; rampant.

   runaway prices

5. (informal) Deserting or revolting against one's group, duties, expected conduct, or the like, especially to establish or join a rival group, change one's life drastically, etc.

   The runaway delegates nominated their own candidate.

派生語

参照

• Dictionary.com

関連する語

• run away

動詞

run away (三人称単数 現在形 runs away, 現在分詞 running away, 過去形 ran away, 過去分詞 run away)

1. To flee by running.

   The crowd had to run away from the burning structure with only the clothes on their backs.

   • 1965, Ed Cobb, “Tainted Love”, in Non-Stop Erotic Cabaret‎^[1], published 1981, performed by Soft Cell:

     Sometimes I feel I've got to / Run away / I've got to / Get away from the pain you drive into the heart of me

2. To leave home, or other place of residence, usually unannounced, or to make good on a threat, with such action usually performed by a child or juvenile.

   My parents want me to take a bath every day? Fine, I'm running away.

   • 1909, Archibald Marshall [pseudonym; Arthur Hammond Marshall], chapter II, in The Squire’s Daughter, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, published 1919, →OCLC:

     "I don't want to spoil any comparison you are going to make," said Jim, "but I was at Winchester and New College." ¶ "That will do," said Mackenzie. "I was dragged up at the workhouse school till I was twelve. Then I ran away and sold papers in the streets, and anything else that I could pick up a few coppers by—except steal. I never did that. […]."

   • 1974, Rhoda (opening credit scene)‎^[2], spoken by Rhoda Morgenstern:

     I decided to move out of the house when I was 24; my mother still refers to this as the time I ran away from home.

   • 2005 September 17, Tom Armstrong, Marvin (comic):

     Look, kid... it's getting kind of late. It'll be dark soon. Maybe running away today isn't such a good idea.

3. (of a device または vehicle) To become a runaway.

   The train's brakes failed and it ran away.

   An autotrim failure can cause stabiliser trim to rapidly run away in the nose-up or nose-down direction.

   • 1944 May and June, “Notes and News: A Much Transformed Locomotive”, in Railway Magazine, page 186:

     The complete 1892 rebuilding, indeed, followed an accident in 1890, when No. 6 ran away down the Buckley branch, and got badly smashed up in a collision at Connah's Quay.

参考

• runaway