Predicateとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• prædicate (archaic)

語源 1

From 中期英語 predicat(e), from Old French predicat (French prédicat), from Medieval Latin praedicātum (“thing said of a subject, predicate”), substantivized from the nominative neuter singular of praedicātus, the perfect passive participle praedicō (“to proclaim”), see -ate (noun-forming suffix); see also Etymology 2 below.

The adjective was derived from the noun by metanalysis, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈpɹɛd.ɪ.kət/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈpɹɛd.ɪ.kɪt/

名詞

predicate (plural predicates)

1. (grammar) The part of the sentence (or clause) which states a property that a subject has or is characterized by.

   Coordinate term: subject

   • 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 8, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 438:

     In the light of this observation, consider Number Agreement in a sentence like:
     (120)      They seem to me [_S — to be fools/a fool]
     Here, the Predicate Nominal fools agrees with the italicised NP they, in spite of the fact that (as we argued earlier) the two are contained in different Clauses at S-structure. How can this be? Under the NP MOVEMENT analysis of seem structures, sentences like (120) pose no problem; if we suppose that they originates in the — position as the subordinate Clause Subject, then we can say that the Predicate Nominal agrees with the underlying Subject of its Clause. How does they get from its underlying position as subordinate Clause Subject to its superficial position as main Clause Subject? By NP MOVEMENT, of course!

   • 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 6, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 323:

     Thus, in (121) (a) persuade is clearly a three-place Predicate — that is, a Predicate which takes three Arguments: the first of these Arguments is the Subject NP John, the second is the Primary Object NP Mary, and the third is the Secondary Object S-bar [that she should resign]. By contrast, believe in (121) (b) is clearly a two-place Predicate (i.e. a Predicate which has two Arguments): its first Argument is the Subject NP John, and its second Argument is the Object S-bar [that Mary was innocent].

2. (logic) A term of a statement, where the statement may be true or false depending on whether the thing referred to by the values of the statement's variables has the property signified by that (predicative) term.

   A propositional variable may be treated as a nullary predicate.

   A predicate is either valid, satisfiable, or unsatisfiable.

3. (programming) An operator, expression, or function that returns either true or false.
   • 2000, Ken Henderson, The Guru's Guide to Transact-SQL, Addison-Wesley Professional, →ISBN, page 128:

     Predicates are usually found in a query's WHERE or HAVING clauses, though they can be located elsewhere (e.g. in CASE expressions).

派生語

形容詞

predicate (comparative more predicate, superlative most predicate)

1. (grammar) Of or related to the predicate of a sentence or clause.
2. Predicated, stated.
3. (law) Relating to or being any of a series of criminal acts upon which prosecution for racketeering may be predicated.

派生語

語源 2

From Latin praedicātus, perfect passive participle of praedicō (“to publish, declare, proclaim”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), further from prae- (“before”) + dicō (“to proclaim, dedicate”), related to dīcō (“to say, tell”). Doublet of preach.

発音

• IPA: /ˈpɹɛdɪˌkeɪt/

動詞

predicate (third-person singular simple present predicates, present participle predicating, simple past and past participle predicated)

1. (transitive) To announce, assert, or proclaim publicly.
2. (transitive) To assume or suppose; to infer.
   • 1859, Charles Dickens, “The Wine-shop”, in A Tale of Two Cities, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book I (Recalled to Life), page 21:

     There was a character about Madame Defarge, from which one might have predicated that she did not often make mistakes against herself in any of the reckonings over which she presided.

   • 1880–1881, Thomas Hardy, chapter II, in A Laodicean; or, The Castle of the De Stancys. A Story of To-day. […], volume II, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, […], published 1881, →OCLC, book the third (De Stancy), page 59:

     Of anyone else it would have been said that she was finding the afternoon rather dreary in the vast halls not of her forefathers: but of Miss Power it was unsafe to predicate so surely.

3. (transitive, originally US) To base (on); to assert on the grounds of.
   • 1978, Michel Foucault, The Will to Knowledge, trans. Robert Hurley (Penguin 1998, page 81):

     The law is what constitutes both desire and the lack on which it is predicated.

   • 2022 February 2, Jody Rosen, “Why Is Matt Damon Shilling for Crypto?”, in The New York Times Magazine‎, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

     Cryptocurrencies, after all, are in many cases not so much currencies as speculative thingamabobs — digital tokens whose value is predicated largely on the idea that someone will take them off your hands at a higher price than it cost you to acquire them.

     (Can we archive this URL?)

4. (transitive, grammar) To make a term (or expression) the predicate of a statement.
5. (transitive, logic) To assert or state as an attribute or quality of something.
   • 1911, Encyclopedia Britannica, Conceptualism

     This quality becomes real as a mental concept when it is predicated of all the objects possessing it (“quod de pluribus natum est praedicari”).

派生語

Further reading

• “predicate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “predicate”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “predicate”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• 'preciated