eitherとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• ハイフネーション: ei‧ther

enPR: ī′thər, ē′thər, 韻: -aɪðə(ɹ), -iːðə(ɹ)

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈaɪ.ðə/, /ˈiː.ðə/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈaɪ.ðɚ/, /ˈi.ðɚ/

enPR: ā′thər

• (Northern England) IPA: /ˈeɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ (rare: in use until the 20th c.)
• (South India) IPA: /ɛj.d̪ɐ(r)/

In the 英国発音, /aɪ/ is used more in Southern England, and /iː/ is more usual in Northern England. In North America, /iː/ is most common, but /aɪ/ is predominant in some regions. Note that even if one pronunciation is more common in a region, the pronunciation used varies by individual speaker and sometimes by situation. /eɪ/ was once heard in Northern England, but has now largely fallen into disuse.

限定詞

either

1. Any one (of two).

   Coordinate terms: each; both

   You can have it in either colour.

2. Each of two; both. [from 9th c.]

   There is a locomotive at either end of the train, one pulling and the other pushing.

   There are roses on either side of the garden.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     His flowing hair
     In curls on either cheek played.

   • 1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber, published 2007, page 31:

     Her hands, long and beautiful, lay on either side of her face.

3. (often proscribed) Any one (of more than two).
   • Jonathan Swift (1726), Gulliver's Travels, 1st edition:

     I hope you will be ready to own publicly, whenever you shall be called to it, that by your great and frequent urgency you prevailed on me to publish a very loose and uncorrect account of my travels, with directions to hire some young gentleman of either university to put them in order, and correct the style, as my cousin Dampier did, by my advice, in his book called “A Voyage round the world.”

   • 1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter LI”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson;  […], →OCLC:

     They entreat, they pray, they beg, they supplicate (will either of these do, Miss Clary?) that you will make no scruple to go to your uncle Antony's […] .

使用する際の注意点

• When there are more than two alternatives, in the sense of “one of several” or “one of many”, any is now often used instead. Use of either with more than two (mutually exclusive) options remains common informally, but a usage prescription against it is so widely known that it is usually avoided formally. This fact about either […] or is likewise true of neither […] nor.

代名詞

either

1. One or the other of two people or things.

   He made me two offers, but I did not accept either.

   • 2013 September 7, Daniel Taylor, “Danny Welbeck leads England's rout of Moldova but hit by Ukraine ban”, in The Guardian‎:

     Hodgson may now have to bring in James Milner on the left and, on that basis, a certain amount of gloss was taken off a night on which Welbeck scored twice but barely celebrated either before leaving the pitch angrily complaining to the Slovakian referee.

2. (obsolete) Both, each of two or more.
   • a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a Warre with Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany Works of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC:

     Scarce a palm of ground could be gotten by either of the three.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     And either vowd with all their power and wit, / To let not others honour be defaste […]

   • 1872, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., The Poet at the Breakfast-Table:

     There have been three famous talkers in Great British, either of whom would illustrate what I say about dogmatists.

副詞

either (not comparable)

1. (conjunctive, after a negative) As well.

   I don't like him, and I don't like her either.

   I know a cheap Spanish restaurant. It's not far from here, either.

   • 1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:

     But Richmond […] appeared to lose himself in his own reflections. Some pickled crab, which he had not touched, had been removed with a damson pie; and his sister saw […] that he had eaten no more than a spoonful of that either.

使用する際の注意点

After a positive statement, too is commonly used: “I like him, and I like her too.”

Either is sometimes used, especially in North American English, where neither would be more traditionally accurate: “I’m not hungry.” “Me either.”

接続詞

either

1. Introduces the first of two (or occasionally more) options or possibilities, the second (or last) of which is introduced by “or”.

   Either you eat your dinner or you go to your room.

   You can have either potatoes or rice with that, but not both.

   You'll be either early, late, or on time.

   Either you'll finish your homework or you'll be grounded you home.

   • 2006 December 5, Jackie Mason, quotee, “Mason drops lawsuit vs. Jews for Jesus”, in USA Today:

     You can't be a table and a chair. You're either a Jew or a gentile.

   • 1893, Walter Besant, “Prologue”, in The Ivory Gate:

     Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language […] his clerks […] understood him very well. If he had written a love letter, or a farce, or a ballade, or a story, no one, either clerks, or friends, or compositors, would have understood anything but a word here and a word there.

派生語

参考

• neither
• nor
• or

参照

• “either”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

アナグラム

• Ethier, theire

語源

From 古期英語 ǣġþer, a contraction of ǣġhwæþer.

発音

• IPA: /ˈæi̯ðər/, (less commonly) /ˈɛːðər/, (possibly) /ˈiːðər/
• (from unstressed forms) IPA: /ˈɛðər/

限定詞

either

1. Both of two.
2. Each of two.
3. Either of two.

派生した語

• English: either
• Scots: aither

代名詞

either

1. Both of two members of a group.
2. Each of two members of a group.
3. Either of two members of a group.

派生した語

• English: either
• Scots: aither

形容詞

either

1. Both, all, or any of a set.
2. Each of a group.

参照

• “either, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 20 February 2018.
• “either, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.