Yとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• -e, -ey, -ie
• -i- (when followed by another suffix)

語源 1

From Middle English -y, -i, from 古期英語 -iġ (“-y, -ic”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y, -ic”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ikos, *-iḱos (“-y, -ic”).

Cognate with Scots -ie (“-y”), West Frisian -ich (“-y”), Dutch -ig (“-y”), Low German -ig (“-y”), German -ig (“-y”), Swedish -ig (“-y”), Gothic -������ (-igs, “-y”), Latin -icus (“-y, -ic”), Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Sanskrit -इक (-ika). Doublet of -ac and -ic.

接尾辞

-y

2. Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”.

   ‎mess + ‎-y → ‎messy

   ‎mouse + ‎-y → ‎mousy

   ‎blue + ‎-y → ‎bluey

   ‎clay + ‎-y → ‎clayey

   • 2003, Cory Doctorow, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom‎^[1], Macmillan, →ISBN:

     Tim keeps trying to make it all more impressionistic, less computer-y.

3. Added to verbs to form adjectives meaning "inclined to".

   ‎run + ‎-y → ‎runny

   ‎stick + ‎-y → ‎sticky

   ‎fiddle + ‎-y → ‎fiddly

使用する際の注意点

• This suffix is very productive and can be added to almost any word. When the resulting word is not perceived to be an established or formal word (but rather a nonce word または a casualism), a hyphen is often used before the suffix (sandcastle → sandcastle-y); this is sometimes also used when an established term is used very literally, as a form of clarification (fuzz → fuzz-y (“fuzz-like”), distinct from fuzzy (“covered in fuzz”)). A few long-established words ending with this suffix have distinctive spellings, such as wintry and fiery, which English learners might misspell as *wintery and *firey.

同意語

• (form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”): -al, -an, -ial, -ian, -ly, -ous
• (form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”): -esque, -ish, -like, -ly, -oid

反意語

• (form “having quality of” adjectives): -less

語源 2

Cognate with Scots -ie, being inherited directly from the same source Middle English -ie, -i, from 古期英語 -iġ (“-ie, -y”, diminutive suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-ij-, *-j- (diminutive suffix). Compare Dutch -je (diminutive suffix), German Low German -je (diminutive suffix).

別の表記

• -ie, -ey, -ee

接尾辞

-y

2. Forming diminutive nouns.

   granny, pinny, tummy

4. Forming familiar names, pet names, nicknames and terms of endearment.

   Andy, Billy, Johnny, Jonesy, lovey

同意語

• (diminutive): mini-, micro-, nano-, -ette, -ee, -icle/-cule/-ule/-ole

語源 3

From Middle English -y, -ie, -ee, -e, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French -ie and -é, from Latin -ia, -ium, -tās, Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā), -ειᾰ (-eia), -ιον (-ion). Cognate (as far as Latin -ia is involved) with German -ei and Dutch -ij.

接尾辞

-y

2. Forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state.

   ‎modest + ‎-y → ‎modesty

   ‎honest + ‎-y → ‎honesty

   ‎-nym + ‎-y → ‎-nymy

   as in ‎toponym + ‎-y → ‎toponymy

   ‎-logue + ‎-y → ‎-logy

   as in ‎analogue + ‎-y → ‎analogy

3. Used in the name of some locations which end in -ia in Latin.

   Italy, Germany, Saxony, Hungary, Sicily, Lombardy, Tuscany, Albany, Brittany, Gascony, Burgundy, Picardy, Normandy, Romandy, Savoy, Muscovy, Tartary, Arcady, Thessaly, Troy, Turkey.

派生語

• -ery

派生語

文字

y (lower case, upper case Y, 複数形 ys または y's)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, called wy or wye and written in the Latin script.

参考

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
• Historically, this letter was sometimes used to approximate þ, as in yt (“that”), yͧ (“thou”), and ye (“the”) (which see for more).

語源 2

Abbreviations.

y

1. (stenoscript) the sound sequence /ɔɪ̯/.
2. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of why.
3. (stenoscript) the prefix -ry or -rry.

名詞

y

1. Abbreviation of year.
   • 2003, Howard Tanner, Sonia Jones, Becoming a Successful Teacher of Mathematics:

     Consider the following questions selected from the tests and estimate the proportion of Y8 pupils you would expect to answer correctly.

2. (UK, television) Abbreviation of youth, usually followed by an age appropriate for the content so marked.

   Y7

3. (computing) Abbreviation of yes.

派生語

• Y2K

副詞

y (not comparable)

1. (slang, text messaging, Internet slang, stenoscript) Abbreviation of why.

参考

• U
• V

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /yː/, [yː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /i/, [iː]

名詞

ȳ f (indeclinable)

1. A name of the letter Y.

同意語

• (name of the letter Y): ī graeca, ȳpsīlon

等位語

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

参照

• y in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Latin Grammar (3rd ed., 1895), page 1

  The Latin names for the letters… For Y the sound was used, for Z the Greek name (zēta).

代名詞

y'

1. (informal, dialect, subject pronoun) you; ya; ye.
   • 1888, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Black Arrow:

     Y' are brave, but the most uncrafty lad that I can think upon!

   • 1946, Katharine Susannah Prichard, The roaring nineties: a story of the goldfields of Western Australia:

     Y'r can turn out the place, boys, if y' think Monty or me had anything to do with his blasted wallet.

   • 1986, Robert Herring, McCampbell's war:

     "Then what y'reckon y'gon' do?" the other repeated.

派生語

• y'all
• y'know

語源

From Middle English y-, from 古期英語 ġe- (perfective かつ associative prefix); see those entries for more. Cognate with German ge-.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɪ/

接頭辞

y-

1. (not productive, obsolete) Used with past participle conjugations to form past participles (this prefix does not occur independently かつ is no longer productive).

   ybarred, yclept, yclad, ybaptized, yslain, yronne

派生語