英和和英

別の表記

• som (obsolete)
• som' (dialect)
• sum (AAVE)

語源

From 中期英語 som, sum, from 古期英語 sum (“some, a certain one”), from Proto-West Germanic *sum, from Proto-Germanic *sumaz (“some, a certain one”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, whole”).

Cognate Scots sum, some (“some”), North Frisian som, sam, säm (“some”), West Frisian sommige, somlike (“some”), dialectal Dutch som, saom (“some”), standard Dutch sommige (“some”), Low German somige (“some”), German dialectal summige (“some”), Danish somme (“some”), Swedish somlig (“some”), Norwegian sum, som (“some”), Icelandic sumur (“some”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐍃 (sums, “one, someone”). More at same.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /sʌm/, [sɐm]
• (Northern England) IPA: /sʊm/
• (米国発音)
  • (General American) enPR: sŭm, IPA: /sʌm/, [sɐm]
  • IPA: /səm/ (unstressed)
• (Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /sɐm/, [säm]
• Homophone: sum
• 韻: -ʌm

代名詞

some

1. A certain number (multiple but not all).

   Some enjoy spicy food, others prefer it milder.

   • 2013 July 19, Timothy Garton Ash, “Where Dr Pangloss meets Machiavelli”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 18:

     Hidden behind thickets of acronyms and gorse bushes of detail, a new great game is under way across the globe. Some call it geoeconomics, but it's geopolitics too. The current power play consists of an extraordinary range of countries simultaneously sitting down to negotiate big free trade and investment agreements.

2. An indefinite quantity.

   Can I have some of them?

3. An indefinite amount; a part. Used mostly with abstract and nonliving objects.

   Please give me some of the cake.

   Everyone is wrong some of the time.

4. (obsolete) Someone, a certain person.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ecclesiasticus 37:7:

     Euery counseller extolleth counsell; but there is some that counselleth for himselfe.

同意語

• (an indefinite quantity): a few

反意語

• many
• much
• none

限定詞

some

1. (stressed form) A nonzero, unspecified proportion of (a bounded set of countable things): at least two.

   Antonyms: zero, no; a lot of, many, numerous; countless

   Hypernyms: multiple, various

   Hyponyms: a few, a couple of, a handful of

   Coordinate term: one

   Near-synonym: any

   Some people like camping.

   • 2006, Charles H Lippy, Faith in America [Three Volumes] [3 Volumes]: Changes, Challenges, New Directions, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 73:

     Many people, especially some evangelical Christians, have been less than optimistic about the Potter influence.

   • 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist‎, volume 408, number 8845, archived from the original on 17 July 2020:

     Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.

   • 2013 July-August, Sarah Glaz, “Ode to Prime Numbers”, in American Scientist‎, volume 101, number 4, archived from the original on 29 June 2015:

     Some poems, echoing the purpose of early poetic treatises on scientific principles, attempt to elucidate the mathematical concepts that underlie prime numbers. Others play with primes’ cultural associations. Still others derive their structure from mathematical patterns involving primes.

2. A nonzero, unspecified quantity or number of (an unbounded set of countable things).

   Antonyms: zero, no; a lot of, many, numerous; countless

   Hypernyms: multiple, various

   Hyponyms: a few, a couple of, a handful of

   Coordinate term: one

   Near-synonym: any

   Would you like some grapes?

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, pages 58–59:

     The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track. […] Their example was followed by others at a time when the master of Mohair was superintending in person the docking of some two-year-olds, and equally invisible.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XLIV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 364:

     In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.

3. An unspecified amount of (something uncountable).

   Antonyms: zero, no

   Hyponyms: a little, a lot of, much

   Near-synonym: any

   Would you like some water?

   After some persuasion, he finally agreed.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, pages 130–131:

     It was a joy to snatch some brief respite, jump upon a tram, and find himself in the rectory drawing–room. Listening here was as pleasant as talking; just to watch was pleasant. The young priests who lived here wore cassocks and birettas; their faces were fine and mild, yet really strong, like the rector's face; and in their intercourse with him and his wife they seemed to be brothers.

4. (stressed form) A certain, an unspecified or unknown.

   I've just met some guy who said he knew you.

   The sequence S converges to zero for some initial value v.

   • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 4, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

     By some paradoxical evolution rancour and intolerance have been established in the vanguard of primitive Christianity. Mrs. Spoker, in common with many of the stricter disciples of righteousness, was as inclement in demeanour as she was cadaverous in aspect.

   • 2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18:

     Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet. Perhaps we assume that our name, address and search preferences will be viewed by some unseen pair of corporate eyes, probably not human, and don't mind that much.

5. (stressed form) A considerable quantity or number of.

   He had edited the paper for some years.

   He stopped working some time ago.

   • 1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter II, in Great Expectations […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC, page 29:

     […] I took it, in the hope that it was not intended for early use, and would not be missed for some time.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 15:

     We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.

6. (stressed form) Approximately, about (with a number).

   She has worked at the company for some thirty years now. (31 and two months, to be exact.)

   There were only some three or four cars in the lot at the time.

   • 1989 May, Jeff MacInnis, “Braving the Northwest Passage”, in National Geographic, volume 175, number 5, page 594:

     Each summer some 1,500 belugas gather in Cunningham Inlet, drawn in part by the clean sand-and-gravel bottom in the shallows.

   • 2003, Richard N. Cooper, Richard Layard, What the Future Holds: Insights from Social Science, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 129:

     What other natural experiments might we have to test climate sensitivity? Another one that happens every year is the change in seasons. Winter predictably follows summer, being some fifteen degrees colder in the Northern Hemisphere and five degrees colder than summer in the Southern Hemisphere. The reason the Southern Hemisphere has a smaller seasonal cycle is because it has much more ocean than land, […]

   • 2023, J. Allen Hynek, The UFO Experience: Evidence Behind Close Encounters, Project Blue Book, and the Search for Answers, Red Wheel/Weiser, →ISBN, page 142:

     the local police, who, with the investigator, reportedly placed a compass near the two signs that had rattled and found a deviation of some fifteen degrees. Placed next to the Renault in which they had come, the compass showed a deviation of only four degrees, but there was no deviation at all near the sign that had not rattled.

7. (stressed form) Emphasizing a number.

   She has worked at the company for some five years now! How remarkable!

8. (informal, stressed form) A remarkable.

   He is some acrobat!

   That was some speech you gave!

反意語

• many
• much
• no

派生語

副詞

some (not comparable)

1. Of a measurement: approximately, roughly.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:approximately

   I guess he must have weighed some 90 kilos.

   Some 30,000 spectators witnessed the feat.

   Some 4,000 acres of land were flooded.

2. (dialect) To a certain extent, or for a certain period.
   • 2014, C. R. Scott, Invisible War: Attack the Covenant:

     They walked some and talked some.

3. (dialect) Somewhat, a little.
   • 1899, Columbus Medical Journal: A Magazine of Medicine and Surgery, page 108:

     I felt some better and continued taking the preparation through all that day, still ad libitum, and by evening, twenty-four hours after I began its use, felt considerably improved.

   • 1912, Mary Theodora Whitley, An Empirical Study of Certain Tests for Individual Differences, page 154:

     Have felt some better to-day than yesterday but not quite normal. A little nervous all day. Slept better than previous night, but not so well as usual, for about 7 hrs.

   • 2002 February 26, Anne McCaffrey, The Chronicles of Pern: First Fall, Del Rey, →ISBN, page 66:

     "She's some better," the pilot said, "but it'll be a long convalescence. Pierre's taking real good care of her. Ongola's a rock, as always, and if Joel would only stop yapping about losing so much cargo..."

   • 2002 October 15 [????], Raymond Chandler, The Lady in the Lake, The Little Sister, The Long Goodbye, Playback: Introduction by Tom Hiney, Everyman's Library, →ISBN, page 68:

     It looked some like Muriel, but not enough to be sure by any manner of means.

参考

• Thesaurus:quantifier

Further reading

• “some”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “some”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “some”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• “some”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

アナグラム

• Meos, 'omes, OMEs, OEMs, meso-, Eoms, emos

名詞

sōme

1. inflection of sōm:
   1. nominative plural
   2. accusative singular/plural
   3. genitive/dative singular