「LORDS」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(30ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

Then, the three posts to replace the bakufu, the seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), and the regents sessho and kanpaku were established: Sosai, which was held by Prince ARISUGAWA Taruhito; Gijo, which was held by ten members consisting of two members of the Imperial family, three court nobles, and the lords of the five domains Satsuma, Owari, Echizen, Hiroshima, and Tosa; and Sanyo, held by twenty members consisting of five court nobles, and three members from each of the above-mentioned five domains. 例文帳に追加

そこで、幕府・征夷大将軍・摂政・関白に代わるものとして、総裁三職の総裁（有栖川宮熾仁親王、議定（皇族2名・公卿3名・薩摩藩・尾張藩・越前藩・広島藩・土佐藩の各藩主の計10名）、参与（公卿5名、議定5藩より各3名の計20名）の三職が任命された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

As states gradually changed into bigger political systems beyond the average person's understanding, feudalism was disolved by the pressure to organize; however, many lords partially preserved their autonomies and engaged in various industries in their regions, so there was a deep-seated aspect that prosperity or poverty in a region depended upon a feudal lord. 例文帳に追加

後に領主は国という形態が自己組織化の圧力もあって、次第に極大で各々の民衆の想像を絶するほどの政治的システムに変化する過程で取り込まれていったが、その多くは幾らかの自治権を保持し続け、地域の様々な産業に関与、地域の繁栄も困窮も領主の腹一つで決まる部分も根強く残った。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In 'Employment bylaw of Kyujo nyokan (court lady in the place where Emperor lives)' in the early Taisho period, it was described that when higher ranked court ladies such as Naishi no suke and Gon no naishi no suke are adopted, 'they should be selected from daughters of former tosho, former lords among peerage', so they were selected from kuge and Daimyo family (feudal lord family) before the Meiji restoration among the peerage (however, for the lower ranked court lady, woman who was not from the peerage was allowed to work in the palace only in her generation depending on her ability). 例文帳に追加

大正初期の「宮城女官採用内規」には典侍、権典侍などの宮中上級女官の採用には「旧堂上旧諸侯華族子女のうちより選抜」とあり、華族であっても明治維新前の公家や大名家から選ぶことになっていた（ただし下級女官については能力によって、華族出身でなくても一代に限り出仕することが許されていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The Edo shogunate introduced the Genna Military Service Order in 1616 to make military service compulsory to the daimyos and the hatamotos, in order to maintain this system, the hatamotos were required to be stationed permanently in Edo (Jofu), except under special assignments, and in 1635, the daimyos were governed under the Sankinkotai system (amendment of the Buke shohatto, or the code of warrior households), in which the lords were required to reside in Edo in alternate years, instead of stationing permanently in Edo. 例文帳に追加

江戸幕府においては元和_(日本)2年（1616年）の元和軍役令を制定して、大名・旗本に軍役・奉仕の義務付けを行ったが、この体制の維持のために旗本は職務による例外を除いては江戸常駐（定府）を命じ、大名には寛永12年（1635年）には、江戸常駐の代替として参勤交代制の導入（武家諸法度改正）を行った。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the reign of Yoshimochi, there existed a number of unstable factors - the OHTOMO clan, the OHKOUCHI clan and the KIKUCHI clan, as powerful lords, took over and ruled Kyushyu where Prince Kanenaga had conquered, or the Kamakura ministry in Kanto region became a semi-independent state - but politically, a brief period of tranquility lasted and it was relatively stable times during Muromachi era. 例文帳に追加

義持の治世は懐良親王が制圧していた九州を有力大名の大友氏・大内氏・菊池氏が引き継いで統治していたり、関東地方の鎌倉公方は半独立国状態となるなど、不安定要素はいくつも存在したが、政治的には小康状態が続き、室町時代の中では比較的安定した時代であった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The content of his confession was that after the coup of August 18, the Choshu-jin (Choshu citizen,) etc. forced out of Kyo would set fire to the Imperial Palace on an certain very windy day in late June, thus confining Crown Prince Asahiko KUNINOMIYA, a Sabaku-ha (a group of feudal government supporters) court noble; and would then kill Katamori MATSUDAIRA and other Sabaku-ha Daimyo (feudal lords who supported the feudal government) and take the Emperor to Choshu. 例文帳に追加

その内容は、八月十八日の政変後、京を追われた長州人らが六月下旬の強風の日を選んで御所に火を放ち、佐幕派公家の久邇宮朝彦親王を幽閉し京都守護職の松平容保以下佐幕派大名を殺害し、天皇を長州へ連れ去ろうとするものだった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

That Tadaoki served many lords including Ashikaga, Oda and Tokugawa while ensuring that the Hosokawa clan continued to prosper is testament to his political skills; however, he was not a man given to forgive, even when it was someone close to him, and this led him to fall out with his father Yusai HOSOKAWA after he (Yusai) surrendered a castle to the enemy during the Battle of Sekigahara (for details refer to the paragraph on the Battle of Tanabe Castle). 例文帳に追加

足利氏、織田氏、豊臣氏、徳川氏と多くの主君に仕えながら細川氏を生き延びさせた政治手腕の反面、身内の者にも容赦を加えない苛烈な側面もあり、関ヶ原の合戦中、実父の細川幽斎が居城を敵に明け渡した（詳細は田辺城の戦いの項を参照のこと）ことから一時不和になっている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In addition, 'Oda Danjonojo family' which Nobunaga came from was the Oda Yamato no Kami family who was assigned to the Shugodai (deputy of Shugo, provincial constable) of the south four counties (Kaito, Kaisei, Aichi and Chita Counties) by the Shiba clan who was shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) in the Owari Province, that is, the branch family of Kiyosu Oda family and the lord of Furuwatari-jo Castle as same as its senior vassal, i.e., one of the three magistrates of Kiyosu. 例文帳に追加

なお、信長の生まれた「織田弾正忠家」は、尾張国の守護大名・斯波氏の被官、下四郡（海東郡・海西郡・愛知郡・知多郡）の守護代に補任された織田大和守家、即ち清洲織田家の分家にして同家重臣たる清洲三奉行・古渡城主の家柄であった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The ruling of the retired emperors Goshirakawa and Gotoba had been influential over the bakufu before the Jokyu War, and the bakufu then took the position of supporting the interests of the gokenin and opposing the old power; however, after the war the actual function of the ruling of the retired emperors was lost, and the bakufu was established as the authority to mediate the confrontation between the old power of the court nobles, temples, and shrines, and the power of stewards in charge of lords' manors and gokenin, being based on the balance of the two sides. 例文帳に追加

後白河天皇、後鳥羽天皇院政が強力であった承久の乱以前の幕府は御家人の権益を擁護して旧勢力と対抗する立場あったが、院政の実質的機能が失われた乱以降は、幕府は貴族・寺社等の旧勢力と、地頭・御家人勢力との均衡の上に立って、両者の対立を調停する権力として固定した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Yodo insisted that the Restoration of Imperial Rule, which he had attended and approved of himself, was a conspiracy by certain court nobles such as Tomomi IWAKURA, and Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, and that being invited to the meeting was unfair; he insisted this because the Restoration of Imperial Rule was fundamentally against his original theory to resolve the situation using a council of feudal lords (i.e., protecting the Tokugawa clan). 例文帳に追加

容堂は、自分自身直接会議に参加して認めていた王政復古(日本)を、それまでの自分の持論であった列侯会議路線すなわち徳川宗家温存路線と根本的に反するが故に、岩倉具視ら一部公卿による陰謀と決め付け、大政奉還の功労者である徳川慶喜がこの会議に呼ばれていないのは不当であるなどと主張した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, he joined the army of Mitsunari ISHIDA, the Western Army, and kept to Sawayama-jo Castle, the headquarters of Mitsunari, but when the main forces of the Western Army including those of Mitsunari were devastated in the main campaign on October 21 and the troops of Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA and other lords who belonged to the Western Army but betrayed them in favor of the Eastern Army, closed to the castle, Moritomo switched sides to Hideaki, betrayed Mitsunari and forced his family to suicide. 例文帳に追加

慶長5年（1600年）の関ヶ原の戦いでは西軍の石田三成に属して、三成の居城である佐和山城に籠もっていたが、9月15日の本戦で三成ら本隊が壊滅し、小早川秀秋ら東軍の寝返り部隊が攻め寄せてくると、守知は秀秋と内通して裏切り、三成一族を自刃に追い込んだ。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

After serving as an officer of the Osaka-jo Castle and the Nijo-jo Castle, he became one of the Guards of Osaka-jo Castle on August 14, 1648 to be provided 10,000 koku, in addition to 7,000 koku which he already had, in Settsu Province such as in Arima County and Kawabe County (Hyogo Prefecture), and Nose County and Teshima County and, as a result of that, he became a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) of 17,000 koku to be counted among lords and founded the Iino Domain. 例文帳に追加

その後、大坂城や二条城の在番を務め、慶安元年（1648年）6月26日、7000石を領していた正貞は大坂定番となって摂津国有馬郡・川辺郡(兵庫県)・能勢郡・豊島郡(摂津国)などにおいて1万石を加増されたことから、1万7000石の大名として諸侯に列し、ここに飯野藩を立藩した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

He covertly made territorial lords from around the country friends of the Eastern Camp, and assisted Ieyasu's 4th son Tadayoshi MATSUDAIRA (Naomasa's son-in-law) well in the battle by spearheading the Eastern Camp along with Tadayoshi instead of Masanori FUKUSHIMA, who was originally supposed to lead (normally, Naoyoshi and Tadayoshi would have been punished for violation of a military order, however, Ieyasu accepted Naoyoshi's conduct and didn't punish them). 例文帳に追加

同時に全国の諸大名を東軍につける工作を行い、また合戦においても家康の四男・松平忠吉（直政の娘婿）をよく補佐して忠吉と共に当初、東軍の先鋒を任されていた福島正則を差し置いて先鋒を務めた（本来ならば、直政も忠吉も軍令違反で処罰の対象になるが、家康は直政の駆け抜けを認めたため、処罰を命じなかった）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In addition, he had friendships with Soshitsu SHIMAI, Sotan KAMIYA and others of Hakata merchants and carried out trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China as well as Japan-Korea Trade (however, they actually gained profit by trading with the Ming Dynasty in China and Korea until the late of 15th century and such trade declined after the Sanpo War while actual profit was transferred to local lords on Tsushima Island utilizing the nominal sign of the Otomo clan and wealthy merchants in Hakata). 例文帳に追加

また博多商人の島井宗室や神谷宗湛らと交友し、日明貿易や日朝貿易も行った（しかし実際に明国や朝鮮などとの貿易で利益をもたらしていたのは15世紀後半辺りまでで、三浦の乱を契機に少なくとも明・朝鮮との貿易関係は衰退し、名義上大友氏の看板を利用した対馬の国人や博多の豪商らに実利は移ってしまった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Another theory states that Naosuke's reasons for promoting the opening of Japan and signing the treaty leaned more toward temporary political strategy against such powerful lords as those in Mito and Satsuma, in fact, Naosuke was a consistent exclusionist and insisted that after the Edo bakufu restored its political power, the bakufu and the shinpan (Tokugawa's relatives) and fudai daimyo should work together to expel the foreigners in the country. 例文帳に追加

直弼が開国を唱えたり条約に調印したのは水戸や薩摩などの有力諸侯による幕政への介入に対抗するための一時の方策であり、直弼自身は江戸幕府が国政の実権を回復した後に幕府とこれを支える親藩・譜代大名が主体となって攘夷を行うべきであるとする一貫した攘夷論者であったとする見方もある。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

It was not until around 1560 when Takamoto was appointed as "Shugo" (Military Governor) of Aki Province (emerging from his position as the leader of the allied dogo) that the Mori clan truly united the province by reorganizing the kokujin lords, who were still little more than village chiefs, making them their retainers. 例文帳に追加

毛利氏がこうした土豪の集団的盟主という立場から脱却して、土豪連合的な要素の強かった安芸国人衆の再編成と毛利家の家臣への編入を通じて、名実ともに毛利氏による安芸統一が完成する事になるのは隆元が安芸国守護に任じられた永禄3年（1560年）頃とされている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In May, 1273 when Masamura HOJO, who served as a regent and a rensho (assistant to regents), died, he sent a letter to Sanetoki HOJO, a nephew of Masamura, and his daughter's husband, stating that 'I would like to express my sincere sorrow, however, regrettably I couldn't offer prayers because a migyosho (a document for informing people of the decision of Third Rank or upper people) prohibited jitos (managers and lords of manor) and gokenins (immediate vassals of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) in Chinzei (nickname of Kyushu) from calling on you due to a foreign affair.' 例文帳に追加

文永10年（1273年）5月に執権と連署を務めた北条政村が死去した際に、政村の甥で娘婿である北条実時に宛てて「お悔やみを申し上げたいが、異国の事により鎮西の地頭御家人は参向してはならないとの御教書ですので、参拝する事できず残念です。」との書状を送っている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In December 1861, he needed time for preparing to carry out a troops dispatch plan formulated by Hisamitsu aiming at the reform of Edo bakufu (later this led to the Bunkyu Reform), and he was obliged to take a tricky measure by the order of the domain; that is to set fire to the Satsuma Domain's own residence maintained in Edo in order to delay the period of Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) for domain lord Tadayoshi SHIMAZU. 例文帳に追加

文久元年（1861年）12月、江戸幕府改革を目指した久光の出兵計画（後に文久の改革に繋がる）の準備のための時間稼ぎを行う必要があり、藩主島津忠義の参勤交代を遅らせるための奇策として、国元からの指示で江戸藩邸を自焼させた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the same year, when local lords in Shinano Province such as Yoshikiyo MURAKAMI, Masayori TAKANASHI (Kagetora's uncle) and so on who were disposed of their territories due to the invasion of Shinano Province by Harunobu TAKEDA in Kai Province and escaped to Kagetora with the hope of reinstatement of their territories, Kagetora dispatched troops to Shinano Province in response to the request in September and confronted Harunobu at Kawanakajima (southern surburb of Nagano City) (the first Battle of Kawanakajima). 例文帳に追加

同年、甲斐国の武田晴信の信濃侵攻によって領地を追われた村上義清・高梨政頼（景虎の叔父）らの信濃国人が領地復権を望んで景虎のもとへ逃亡してくると、8月にはこれに応じて信濃に出兵し、川中島（長野市南郊）で晴信と対峙する（第1次川中島の戦い）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The duty of Kanto Kanrei was originally to assist the Kogakubo (Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region)), and since Kagetora succeeded in regaining control of Kogagosho which was invaded by the Hojo clan and put forward Fujiuji ASHIKAGA, original legitimate successor, as Kogakubo, it was also recognized by the Imperial court, bakufu and territorial lords in the Kanto region that Kagetora inherited the family headship of Uesugi clan and assumed Kanto Kanrei. 例文帳に追加

関東管領の職は本来、古河公方（鎌倉公方）を助けることが職務であるため、北条に侵略されていた古河御所の奪還と、本来の正統な相続者である足利藤氏を古河公方に擁立することに成功した景虎は朝廷および幕府からも関東の諸大名からも認められた上杉氏の家督相続と関東管領就任であった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

When the eleventh Shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA was expelled from the shogunate by his cousin Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA and escaped safely to Saigoku (western part of Japan), Nobutaka appointed not only a trusted vassal Nobutaka UENO who had come with Yoshitane to the lord of Kimurayama-jo Castle in Bicchu Province, but also Masayuki NIKAIDO and Sadanobu ISE to the lords of the other castles at the neighboring spots to make them form the power of the Yoshitane side in Saigoku. 例文帳に追加

信孝は11代将軍足利義稙が従弟　足利義澄に将軍職を追われて、西国に落ち延びると、動向した近臣　上野信孝をして備中国鬼邑山城に封じたのをはじめ、二階堂政行、伊勢貞信もその近隣の諸城に封じて西国における義稙方勢力の形成にあたらせた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Every time the Emperor and empress left for Tokyo, there were calls in opposition and cancellations by the nobles, domain lords, government officials, and citizens in Kyoto, and the government issued a statement saying 'The emperor will be visiting all around, and there is nothing to worry about because Kyoto is the imperial palace of 1000 years which is still very important.' in the "Official Notice" that was released from the Kyoto government and was able to calm everyone's hearts. 例文帳に追加

天皇・皇后の東京への行幸啓のたびに、公卿・諸藩主・京都の政府役人・京都市民などから行幸啓の中止・反対の声があがり、政府は「これからも四方へ天皇陛下の行幸があるだろうが、京都は千有余年の帝城で大切に思っておられるから心配はいらない」とする諭告（『告諭大意』）を京都府から出させ、人心の動揺を鎮めることに努めた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

However, since actual government affairs were performed by sekkan-ke and powerful nobles who were also the most powerful manor lords, and kokushi, towards the end of their term, who had a tendency to approve manors by powerful nobles as a form of office-seeking activity to secure their next post, it was not very effective with many exceptional cases. 例文帳に追加

だが、実際の政務を行っているのが最大の荘園領主である摂関家以下有力貴族であったこと、国司側も任期が終了に近づくと次の役職を得るための一種の猟官運動として有力貴族による荘園実施を認める傾向にあったために多くの例外が生まれ、実効性が乏しかった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In 1414, the Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA responded to the tributary gifts sent to him from the Ryukyu Kingdom with an official letter, while in 1441, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA declared the Ryukyu islands to be a vassal state of the Shimazu clan, lords of Satsuma Province; furthermore, the bakufu created the office of Ryukyu Hoko (shogunal magistrate of the Ryukyus) in an attempt to exert control over Ryukyu trade, meaning that it was during the Muromachi period that the Ryukyus began to be seen as part of Japan. 例文帳に追加

1414年には将軍足利義持が琉球王の献上物に対する返礼の書状を贈っており、1441年には足利義教が琉球を薩摩国の島津氏の属国とする事を認めており、さらに幕府には琉球奉行が設置されて貿易の統制を行おうとしており、室町時代には琉球が「日本」として認識されていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

This development stimulated the proliferation of Shinryo ichien chigyo not only from the samurai side through jito-uke (system under which the jito controls a manor and pays a fixed fee to its owner) and shitaji-chubun (halving of revenue source land) but also from ryoke (lords of manors), resulting in the beginning of breakdown of the traditional system of occupational positions based on status differences, which involved the emergence of jito having a ryoke position and vice versa, and eventually in a major change of ryoke positions and jito positions in manors and public estates. 例文帳に追加

この動きにより、地頭請、下地中分等を通じた武家の側からのみならず、領家側からの一円知行化が活発となり、領家職を持つ地頭や地頭職を持つ領家が現れるなど、従来の身分格差に応じた職の体系が崩れだし、荘園・公領における領家職・地頭職のあり方が大きく変わることとなった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

This was the introduction of India to medieval manorialism rather than the tenancy system and traditionally one-sixth of harvests in ancient times and one-third of them after the Dehli Sultanate period were levied, but the taxes on land were paid with fixed and expensive amounts of cash money and the lords and landowners undertook tax collection work and thus the farmers were put in a situation which was similar to that of serfs. 例文帳に追加

これは小作制度というよりも中世荘園制度のインドへの導入に近く、従来は古代には収穫物の6分の1、デリー・スルタン朝時代以後でも収穫物の3分の1の徴収であったものが定額かつ高額な地税を現金による納付となり、なおかつ徴収実務は領主・地主に任されていたために、農民は農奴に近い状況に置かれた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In contrast to this, the influence of the village community was strong in the south of India and though the more loose Raiyatowari system was introduced there on the premise of traditional farmers' landownership, the lands were confiscated by government officials because of non-payment of 50 to 60 percent of land tax, or the lands were seized by money brokers who consisted of the lords and landowners because of tax payments for debts and through these, the land government system spread as in the north of India. 例文帳に追加

これに対して南インドでは伝統的な村落共同体の影響が強いために、農民の従来通りの土地所有を前提としてより緩やかなライーヤトワーリー制が導入されたものの、5-6割の地租の前に未納を理由とした官の没収もしくは納税のための借金のかたに領主・地主層からなる金融業者の差押を経て北インドと同様の土地支配体制が広がっていった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the tumultuous years of the Muromachi period and the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan), there was a tremendous increase in agricultural production, but because all Japan had become a jigsaw puzzle made up of nodes of local authority who went through an endless cycle of prosperity and decline, and because the period also saw many feudal lords begin to declare their independence, it became extremely difficult to keep track of the true total agricultural productivity even on the land within one's own jurisdiction. 例文帳に追加

室町・戦国時代(日本)の混乱時代、農業生産高は爆発的に増加したが、各地にモザイクのように存在する割拠勢力はそれぞれ消長を繰り返し、また支配下にも多くの自立領主がいるため、自領の実質総農業生産高を把握するのも困難であった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

For example, according to "Kaitoshokokuki" (literally, descriptions of various countries across the sea) written by Sukchu SIN, a secretary of the envoy dispatched in 1428, the survey included 15 items including the following: identifying base-places of wako together with a request of prohibiting wako (Japanese pirates) actions, observing Japan's power, such as relationships among wako, shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords), dominant Kokujin (local samurai) and local clans, states of progress in urban areas, and monetary policies, and checking the states of progress of Buddhism in Japan. 例文帳に追加

例えば1428年（正長元年）派遣の使節に同行した書記官の申叔舟が著した『海東諸国紀』によると、倭寇禁圧要請と併せて倭寇の根拠地の特定、倭寇と守護大名、有力国人、土豪との関係、都市部の発展状況や通貨政策など国力状況の観察、日本での仏教の展開状況をはじめ15項目の調査内容があったという。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Then Hakuseki simplified the treatment of the envoy as in the following based on 'Being equal,' 'Being simple,' and 'Being friendly:' For simplifying the treatment, banquets should be held at the six places of Shimonoseki City, Tomonoura, Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya and Sunpu between Tsushima and Edo, only meals should be provided in other lodging places, and the lords of the domains where the envoy passed should not be required to go to meet the envoy. 例文帳に追加

そこで、白石は、「対等」「簡素」「和親」を骨子として、まず待遇を簡素化し、対馬から江戸の間で宴席は下関市、鞆の浦、大坂、京都、名古屋、駿府の6ヶ所に限定し、他の宿所では食料の提供にとどめることとし、接待には通過する各藩の藩主が出向かずともよいことにした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Since Fuyu no ken (the right to tax exemption) was granted to Shinden even after the collapse of the Ritsuryo System from the eighth to ninth century, Tato (dominant farmers or lords cultivating new rice fields) who were then collecting rice fields around them tried to obtain Fuyu no ken Right by donating their rice fields to shrines or temples. 例文帳に追加

9世紀～10世紀に律令制が崩壊した後も、神田には不輸の権（租税免除の権利）が認められていたため、墾田や買収などで付近の田地を集積していた田堵（有力農民）＝開発領主は、自分の経営する田地を有力な神社（または有力寺院）へ寄進することで、不輸の権(日本)を獲得しようとした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

When vassals participated in military action initiated by their lord with their own soldiers or showed their military exploits on the battlefield (contributing service), the lords were in return required to recognize 'participation' and 'military exploits' of the vassals not for their own private battle or war but for a legitimate 'official battle' in order that they be granted favor and compensated for their service, or receive new territory as a reward (the granting of favor and compensation for service). 例文帳に追加

主人の軍事行動に当たり家来が手勢を引き連れ参陣し、又は戦場において軍功を挙げた場合（奉公）、主人はこれに対し、その「参陣」「軍功」が単なる私闘・私戦ではなく正当性のある「公戦」におけるものだと認定し、御恩と奉公御恩したり、新領地を恩賞として与えたり（御恩と奉公御恩）すべきものとされていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

As a measure to counter such situations, the Jito-uke system, under which the lord of shoen decided a fixed amount of nengu for shoen under jito's management and appointed jito to shokan (manager of shoen) in return for their obligation to pay nengu to the lords of shoen or kokushi (provincial governor), came into use in the eastern part of Japan where jito themselves were often kaihatsu-ryoshu (the local lord who actually developed the land). 例文帳に追加

このため、領主側は、地頭に管理させる一円内の年貢を毎年一定額と定め、地頭がその納入を荘園領主や国司に対して請け負う代わりに地頭を荘官に任命する地頭請が、主に地頭自身が開発領主であることが多かった東国を中心として行われ始めた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

During the early Edo period, however, more and more lords gave up Jigatachigyo in favor of Kuramaichigyo; this was due to land ruling power being concentrated in the hands of daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and the Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"); it was also due to financial reasons, such as a decrease in income as a consequence of rice falling in price caused by competition between domains and vassals in annual rice tax sales. 例文帳に追加

だが、江戸時代に入ると、主君である征夷大将軍あるいは大名への土地支配権力の集中や藩中央と家臣の年貢米売却の競合による米価下落に伴う換金収入減少など財政上の都合から、地方知行を止めて蔵米知行に切り替える場合が増加した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

It asserted that it was the kokujin-ryoshu, who had been raised from the classes of jito (manager and lord of manor) or shokan (an officer governing manor) to the local lord, that directly ruled the farmers class in those days, and that it was the kokujin-ryoshu, who, by becoming low-level bureaucrat of the shugo daimyo (Japanese feudal lords), supported their military power and came to define the movement of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and the shugo daimyo. 例文帳に追加

当時、農民層を直接支配していたのは、地頭・荘官などの階層から在地の領主として成長していった国人領主層であり、彼らが守護大名の被官となることでその軍事力を支え、室町幕府や守護大名の動向を規定していったとするものである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Yoritomo was subsequently was appointed to kenkan (powerful post, official) Chief of the Councilor of State, Ukone no daisho (the chief of Ukonoefu, the guarding section) and obtained the right to open a Mandokoro (Administrative Board), domestic governing institution of lords of the manor, with Kugyo (the top court officials), and thus came to have the legitimacy of governing system and furthermore Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji (the imperial decree issued to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in October, 1183), the Bunji imperial sanction in 1185, and seii taishogun were declared. 例文帳に追加

そして権官大納言兼右近衛大将に叙任され、公卿に列し荘園領主の家政機関たる政所開設の権を得たことで、いわば統治機構としての合法性を帯びるようになり、さらに1183年の寿永二年十月宣旨、文治の勅許、征夷大将軍の宣下がなされた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

At first the group had been formed to counter the group of Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and the Choshu clan; after the Sonno Joi group had been purged by the August 18 Coup (the Bunkyu Coup of 1863), the powerful lords including the three of the Ichikaiso Government participated in the Sanyo-kaigi (the Councilor Council in the Court) which had been set up so that the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Imperial Court cooperate on dealing with impending matters; although the Sanyo-kaigi was unraveled soon, the three politicians had maintained their power and dominated over the politics in Kyoto until the Overthrow of the Shogunate and the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule (1867). 例文帳に追加

この体制は尊皇攘夷・長州藩への対抗を通じて形成され、八月十八日の政変以降、尊皇攘夷派が退潮し、さらに公武合体論に基づく有力諸侯による参預会議が崩壊したのち、王政復古の大号令による倒幕派クーデタまでの京都政界をほぼ支配した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

During the months from October to December (according to the old lunar calendar) the powerful lords agreeing to the political cooperation between the Shogunate and the Imperial Court, such as Hisamitsu SHIMAZU (the father of the head of the Shimazu clan), Shungaku MATSUDAIRA (the former head of the Fukui clan), Munenari DATE (the former head of the Uwajima clan), Yodo YAMAUCHI (the former head of the Tosa clan), and Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI came to Kyoto one after another, and they were appointed as members of the Sanyo-kaigi with Katamori MATSUDAIRA, then the political cooperation between the Shogunate and the Imperial Court began in the form in which the delegates of the Shogunate speak in the Imperial Court. 例文帳に追加

また、10月から12月にかけて公武合体派の島津久光（薩摩藩主の父）、松平春嶽（前福井藩主）、伊達宗城（前宇和島藩主）、一橋慶喜、山内容堂（前土佐藩主）が上洛、松平容保とともに朝廷参与会議に任命され、朝廷の下での雄藩の国政参画が実現した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Since the middle of the Edo period, however, the decline of castle towns had been given stark expression in the development of port towns and post towns, the influx of capitalism into agricultural communities, such as the cultivation of cotton, one of readily redeemable goods, and bankruptcies of the merchants due to the excessive financial contribution to feudal lords (daimyo), (which might be the biggest cause of the decline). 例文帳に追加

しかし、江戸時代中期に入り港町や宿場町などの発展、換金性の高い綿が栽培され始めるなど農村部に資本主義が流入され、また（これが最も大きいのだろうが）大名への献金が過重になり過ぎて商家の一部がつぶれるなど、城下町の衰退が目立つようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

At that time, Takayoshi KIDO changed 'setting up a council by feudal lords' in the first article of Fukuoka's draft to 'setting up deliberative assemblies widely' and deleted the article 5 which restricted the term of 'choshi' (official) and added newly the article 4 of Kido's final draft and put the order of the whole five articles in proper order and the contents became more universal by those big changes. 例文帳に追加

その際、木戸孝允は、福岡案第一条の「列侯会議を興し」を「広ク会議ヲ興シ」に改め、「徴士」の任用期間を制限していた福岡案第五条を削除して木戸最終案第四条を新たに組み込み、五箇条の順序を体裁良く整え直すなどして大幅に変更を加え、より普遍的な内容にした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

When a province was divided to be owned by several feudal lords, each lord was allowed to have one castle (for example, Ozu-jo Castle, Matsuyama-jo Castle and Uwajima-jo Castle in Iyo Province, etc.), and when a clan of feudal lord owned territory across a few provinces, they were allowed to have one in one province (for example, Tsu-jo Castle [Ise Province] and Ueno-jo Castle [Iga Province] of the Tsu Domain). 例文帳に追加

一つの令制国を複数の大名で分割して領有している場合は各大名ごとに一城とし（例伊予国の大洲城、松山城(伊予国)、宇和島城等）、一つの大名家が複数の令制国にまたがって領有している場合は各令制国ごとに一城とした（例津藩の津城（伊勢国）、上野城（伊賀国））。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Originally, the term 'Han' referred to the territories ruled by the lords who were allowed to govern a certain country by the emperors of the Zhou Dynasty, ancient China, and the Japanese Confucian scholars in the Edo period compared the Japanese system to this, calling the daimyo who were (thought to be) subject to the TOGUGAWA Shogun family and given the territories by the shogun 'Shoko,' and their domains 'Han.' 例文帳に追加

そもそも「藩」の語は、古代中国で天子である周の王によってある国に封建された諸侯の支配領域を指し、江戸時代の儒学者がこれになぞらえて、徳川将軍家に服属し将軍によって領地を与えられた（と観念された）大名を「諸侯」、その領国を「藩」と呼んだことに由来する。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

On November 19, 1697, Shigehide OGIWARA, a kanjo bugyo of the bakufu, summoned and handed rusuiyaku (persons representing the master during his absence) of the Edo residences owned by territorial lords a memorandum saying "it is completely unforgivable that there are many sake merchants and that commoners drink sake unnecessarily. Therefore, business taxes shall be imposed on all sake breweries. Add the business taxes onto the price of sake and sell alcoholic drinks for 50 percent more than the previous price." 例文帳に追加

元禄10年10月6日、江戸では諸大名の江戸屋敷留守居役が、幕府の勘定奉行荻原重秀に呼び出され、「酒の商売人が多く、下々の者がみだりに酒を飲み不届き至極である。よって、すべての造り酒屋に対して運上金を課する。酒の価格にはこの運上金を上乗せし、今までの五割増しの値段で酒類を販売せよ」との覚書を手渡された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the midst of the political turmoil including an intensification of the Sonno Joi movement (the movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) caused by the change from the national isolation to the opening of the country to the world as well as the dispute over shogun's successor between the Hitotsubashi group (which supported Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA) and the Nanki group (which supported Yoshitomi TOKUGAWA), the enlightened and farsighted daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) had been advocating the necessity of the political reform of the bakufu. 例文帳に追加

幕政の改革は、鎖国体制から開国への移行に伴う尊王攘夷運動の激化、将軍継嗣問題を巡る一橋派・南紀派の対立などの政治的混乱の中で、薩摩藩主・島津斉彬や越前藩主松平慶永ら、開明的な大名らの間ではつとに必要性を叫ばれていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Originally a hosho was a monjo (document), formed by senior vassals or magistrates, in order to certify orders issued by lords were formal and to instruct their prompt execution; in the Muromachi bakufu a hosho was made by kanryo (Shogun's Deputies) together with Shougun's order, the system of which was succeeded by the Edo bakufu. 例文帳に追加

奉書とは元々主君が出した命令書に対して、重臣や奉行などがその命令書が正規のものである証明とその速やかな執行を指示するために作成した文書であり、室町幕府では管領によって将軍の命令書とともに奉書が作成され、江戸幕府においてもこの制度を継承していた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス