Barbとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /bɑːb/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /bɑɹb/

接合辞

-barb-

1. (pharmacology) Used to form names of barbituric acid derivatives used as hypnotics.

派生語

語源 1

barb (1) of a fishhook

barbs (4) of a feather

cherry barb (5)

From Middle English barbe, from Middle French barbe, from Old French barbe (“beard, beard-like element”).

名詞

barb (複数形 barbs)

1. The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else.
   • 1545, Roger Ascham, Toxophilus

     Having two barbs or points.

2. (figuratively) A hurtful or disparaging remark.
   • 2018, Elle Wright, Wherever You Are (The Jacksons of Ann Arbor)‎^[1], HarperCollins, →ISBN:

     “Maybe I just wanted to come and see for myself if you were real. Or if you were a figment of my imagination.” The barb hurt, but she didn't blame him.

3. A beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it.
   • 1653, Iz[aak] Wa[lton], The Compleat Angler or The Contemplative Man’s Recreation. Being a Discourse of Fish and Fishing, […], London: […] T. Maxey for Rich[ard] Marriot, […], OCLC 1097101645:

     The barbel is so called […] by reason of his barbs, or wattles at his mouth.

4. (ornithology) One of the many side branches of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane.
5. (ichthyology) Any of various species of freshwater carp-like fish that have barbels and belong to the cyprinid family.
6. (US) The sciaenid fish Menticirrhus americanus, found along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States.

   Synonyms: Carolina whiting, king whiting, southern kingcroaker, southern kingfish

7. (botany) A hair or bristle ending in a double hook.
8. (obsolete) A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners.
9. Paps, or little projections, of the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen.

   Synonyms: barbel, barble

10. (obsolete) A bit for a horse.

    (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Spenser to this entry?)

11. A plastic fastener, shaped roughly like a capital I (with serifs), used to attach socks etc. to their packaging.

動詞

barb (三人称単数 現在形 barbs, 現在分詞 barbing, 過去形および過去分詞形 barbed)

1. To furnish with barbs, or with that which will hold or hurt like barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc.
   • 1674, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book 6, lines 544-6, [2]

     […] for this day will pour down, / If I conjecture aught, no drizzling shower, / But rattling storm of arrows barbed with fire.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

   • 1944, Emily Carr, The House of All Sorts, "Meg the Worker," [3]

     Her coat was a tangled mass, barbed with last year's burs, matted disgustingly with cow dung.

2. (Nigeria) To cut (hair).
3. (obsolete) To shave or dress the beard of.
4. (obsolete) To clip; to mow.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Marston to this entry?)

語源 2

Clipping of Barbary.

名詞

barb (複数形 barbs)

1. The Barbary horse, a superior breed introduced from Barbary into Spain by the Moors.
   • 1813, Lord Byron, The Giaour, a Fragment of a Turkish Tale, 8th edition, London: Printed by Thomas Davison, […], for John Murray, […], OCLC 813693480, lines 699–700, page 34:

     Why sends not the Bridegroom his promised gift, / Is his heart more cold, or his barb less swift?

   • 2009 October, Laurent Roustan, “The Horse, Present since the Dawn of Time”, in Alphatrad Internationale, transl., Au Royaume du Cheval: Les Haras Nationaux du Maroc [In the Kingdom of the Horse: The National Studs of Morocco], Souyri, Aveyron, France: Editions Au fil du Temps, →ISBN:

     However, in the last few years, the stud farms in Morocco and elsewhere in the world have rediscovered the qualities of the barb, which, in Berber tradition, remains the king of the "fantasias", a festival that is also becoming fashionable once again.

2. A blackish or dun variety of pigeon, originally brought from Barbary.

語源 3

Clipping of barbiturate.

名詞

barb (複数形 barbs)

1. (informal, pharmacology) A barbiturate.
   • 1998, Jerry Dorsman, How to Quit Drugs for Good: A Complete Self-Help Guide, New York, NY: Three Rivers Press, →ISBN, page 50:

     The benzos, it turns out, are just as highly addicting as the barbs, but they do have a much lower potential to cause death by overdose. […] The barbs became one of the most widely abused classes of drugs in the 1960s and 1970s.

語源 4

Corruption of bard.

名詞

barb (複数形 barbs)

1. Armor for a horse.
   • 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 29:

     The defensive armor with the horses of the ancient knights ... These are frequently, though improperly, stiled barbs.

動詞

barb (三人称単数 現在形 barbs, 現在分詞 barbing, 過去形および過去分詞形 barbed)

1. To cover a horse in armor.
   • c. 1593, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i], line 10:

     And now, in stead of mounting barbed steeds / To fright the souls of fearful adversaries, / He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber […].