shaveとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Inherited from Middle English shaven, schaven, from 古期英語 sċafan (“to shave, scrape, shred, polish”), from Proto-Germanic *skabaną (“to scratch”), from Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to cut, split, form, carve”). Cognate with West Frisian skave, Dutch schaven (“to shave, plane”), Low German schaven (“to scrape, scratch, shave”), German schaben (“to scrape, shave”), Danish skave, Norwegian Nynorsk skava, Swedish skava (“to scrape, chafe”), Icelandic skafa, Gothic ������������ (skaban, “to shear, shave”).

動詞

shave (third-person singular simple present shaves, present participle shaving, simple past shaved or (廃れた用法) shove, past participle shaved or shaven)

1. (transitive) To make bald or shorter by using a tool such as a razor or pair of electric clippers to cut the hair close to the skin.
2. (transitive) To cut anything in this fashion.
   • 1713, John Gay, The Rural Sports

     The labourer with the bending scythe is seen / Shaving the surface of the waving green.

3. (intransitive) To remove hair from one's face by this means.

   I had little time to shave this morning.

4. (transitive) To cut finely, as with slices of meat.
5. To skim along or near the surface of; to pass close to, or touch lightly, in passing.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book 2”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

     Now shaves with level wing the deep.

   • 1899 March, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number MI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], OCLC 1042815524, part II:

     […] I watched for sunken stones; I was learning to clap my teeth smartly before my heart flew out, when I shaved by a fluke some infernal sly old snag that would have ripped the life out of the tin–pot steamboat and drowned all the pilgrims; […]

6. To reduce in size or weight.
   • 2017 September 19, Gwilym Mumford, “Kingsman: The Golden Circle review – spy sequel reaches new heights of skyscraping silliness”, in the Guardian‎^[1]:

     Kingsman’s two-hour 20-minute running time could have been shaved by around a fifth, without losing a great deal.

7. (archaic, transitive) To be hard and severe in a bargain with; to practice extortion on; to cheat.
8. (US, slang, dated, transitive) To buy (a note) at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest, or to deduct in discounting it more than the legal rate allows.

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English shave, from 古期英語 sceafa, from Proto-Germanic *skabô.

名詞

shave (複数形 shaves)

1. An instance of shaving.

   I instructed the barber to give me a shave.

2. A thin slice; a shaving.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Wright to this entry?)

3. (US, slang, dated) An exorbitant discount on a note.
4. (US, slang, dated) A premium paid for an extension of the time of delivery or payment, or for the right to vary a stock contract in any particular.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of N. Biddle to this entry?)

5. A hand tool consisting of a sharp blade with a handle at each end; a spokeshave.
6. (informal) A narrow miss or escape; a close shave.
   • 1919, Edward Frederic Benson, Across the Stream

     " […] I had an awful shave getting into the harbour," remarked Archie.

派生語

• close shave