「古代の～」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(44ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

井上光貞の著書『日本国家の起源』（1960年、岩波新書）を皮切りに、直木孝次郎、岡田精司、上田正昭など、古代史学のエキスパートによって学説が発表され、王朝交替説は学界で大きくクローズアップされるようになった。例文帳に追加

Starting from "Nihon Kokka no Kigen" (The Origin of Japan as a Nation) by Mitsusada INOUE (1960, Iwanami Shisho), theories were published by experts in the ancient historical science such as Kojiro NAOKI, Seiji OKADA, and Masaaki UEDA then the changes of dynasties theory came to the front in the academic community.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

現代日本ではその役割を終えた竈ではあるが、アフリカや東南アジアなどといった紛争や政治的混乱により社会整備が進んでいない国や、また古代さながらの原始的生活をしている民族もおり、これらの人々は戸外で裸火による調理をしている。例文帳に追加

Although the kamado has completed its role in present-day Japan, there are people in some countries such as in Africa or Southeast Asia where have not developed the infrastructure of their society because of conflicts or political disorder, and people who live primitive lives like in ancient times, who cook over open fires outside.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

中国の農耕民とは全く違う暮らしをし、しばしば農耕民に対する略奪を行っていた遊牧民たちは、中国の古代王朝にとっては野蛮で恐るべき存在であり、これと一線を画することを決定したという説がある。例文帳に追加

There is an opinion that as the nomads lived in a completely different way from the farmers in China and often sacked the farmers, which was a threat to the ancient Chinese dynasties, therefore, the dynasties decided to differentiate their peoples from the nomads.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

武家相撲であり、庶民の相撲であるが、とりわけ「相撲節会」は、古代中国の宮廷で行われた角力が遣隋使・遣唐使の歴史以前にも往来があり、来渤海使も何度も日本へ赴いたなかで影響も推測される。例文帳に追加

Although sumo was held among both samurai and ordinary citizens, Sumai no Sechie is thought to have been especially established based off of wrestling performed in the ancient Chinese Court, which was introduced into Japan before Japanese envoys to China during the Sui and the Tang Dynasties were dispatched, and it is also believed that envoys from Balhae who visited Japan multiple times influenced Sumai no Sachie.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

このような感覚から、古代には日本という国家を一身で体現する存在である天皇を指し示す表現として「おおやけ」という言葉が使われ、天皇やその家、朝廷を「公家（こうけ）」或いは「公方」と呼称する慣習が生まれた。例文帳に追加

As a result, the term "Oyake" (another pronunciation of 'ku' of 'kubo') was used to mean the Emperor as the national embodiment in ancient Japan, and the custom of calling the Emperor, his family, and the Court as "Koke" (literally, public family) or "Kubo" sprang up.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

葛城襲津彦（かつらぎのそつひこ、曽都毘古・沙至比跪、生没年不詳、4世紀後半～5世紀前半頃?）は大和国葛城地方の古代豪族葛城氏の祖として『記紀』に記されている。例文帳に追加

KATSURAGI no Sotsuhiko (Sotsuhiko can be written as either '襲津彦' or '曽都毘古' in Japanese, and his first name, Sotsuhiko, is also known as Sachihiko written as 沙至比跪 in Japanese; year of birth and death unknown, but considered to have lived during a period from the latter fourth century to the early fifth century) was described in the "Kojiki" (Records of Ancient Matters) and the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) as the founder of Katsuragi clan, ancient local ruling family in the Katsuragi region, Yamato Province.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

琉球王国以来の聖地であり、古代の信仰を現在も残しているといわれる久高島には「男は海人（うみんちゅ）、女は神人（かみんちゅ）」なる常套句が残り、かつて男性は労務に、女性は神職に従事した社会であったことを言い伝えている。例文帳に追加

On Kudaka-jima Island, which has been a sacred place since the Ryukyu Kingdom, and where ancient faiths still remain today, a conventional phrase, 'Men are uminchu, women are kaminchu' continues to be used, passing along a societal tradition where men were laborers and women served as Shinto priests.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

古代ギリシアの歴史家・ヘロドトスの『歴史(ヘロドトス)』によれば、紀元前5世紀アケメネス朝ペルシア帝国の海軍が、ギリシア本土に侵攻しようとした際、アトス半島で「神風」にあって艦船が大破、ペルシャ軍は戦わずして潰走したとされている。例文帳に追加

According to the "History" of Herodotus (who was an historian of ancient Greece), when the fifth-century B.C. Persian empire of the Achaemenid dynasty sent its forces to invade mainland Greece, its navy encountered a 'divine wind' off the Athos peninsula and was utterly destroyed, forcing the Persian army to defeat in chaos without ever having fought a battle.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

しかし、9世紀・10世紀ごろになると、律令制を支えていた人民把握システム（古代の戸籍制度・計帳の作成や班田収授法の実施など）が次第に弛緩していき、人別的な人民支配が存続できなくなっていた。例文帳に追加

In the ninth and the tenth centuries, however, the citizen management system (including the ancient family registration system, the creation of the yearly tax registers, and the implementation of the law of periodic reallocations of rice fields) which supported the ritsuryo system began to collapse, so that the governance on a single-person basis became difficult to maintain.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

それ以前は、古代の戸籍制度・計帳・班田収授法などに立脚した律令制統治が行われていたが、この頃には、人民の浮浪・逃亡・偽籍が著しく増加したため、律令制統治が行き詰まりを見せていた。例文帳に追加

Before that, Japan had been ruled by the ritsuryo system of governance (a constitutional form of governance) built on an ancient family register system, tax book, handenshuju-no-ho (law on the distribution and collection of farmlands) and so on, but at that time, vagrancy, elopement, false family registration of the people dramatically increased and the ritsuryo system of governance ran into an impasse.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

氏姓制度（しせいせいど）とは、古代日本において、中央貴族、ついで地方豪族が、国家（ヤマト王権）に対する貢献度、朝廷政治上に占める地位に応じて、朝廷よりウヂの名とカバネの名とを授与され、その特権的地位を世襲した制度。例文帳に追加

Shisei Seido (the system of clans and hereditary titles) is a system made in ancient Japan in which the Imperial Court gave the nobles living in the capital and the powerful local clans a clan name and a hereditary title according to each person's degree of contribution to the state (Yamato Sovereignty) and the position the person occupies in the Government of the Imperial Court and let them kept the special privilege by the hereditary system.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

古代中国製の銅鏡には、神像と動物文を鋳出した神獣鏡が多く、その他、背面の文様によって「方格規矩鏡（ほうかくきくきょう）」「海獣葡萄鏡」「内行花文鏡（ないこうかもんきょう）」などさまざまな形式に分類されている。例文帳に追加

A lot of divine beasts mirrors having deities' images and animal designs can be found in the bronze mirrors made in ancient China, and other mirrors are classified into various types such as Hokakukikukyo Mirror (designs of ruler and compass), Kaiju Budo Kyo Mirror (designs of animals and grapes) and Naiko Kamonkyo Mirror (semicircle designs) according to their designs on the reverse.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

妖怪漫画家・水木しげるは、牛鬼の背後には牛に関する古代印度（インド）神として、大自在天の化身である伊舎那天や閻魔天が関係しており、また近隣に菅原道真（天満大自在天）を祀った天満宮があることが関係していると推測している。例文帳に追加

Shigeru MIZUKI, a specter comic writer, shows his speculation on the background of Ushioni as saying that Ushioni has something to do with Ishanaten (Isana) and Enmaten, incarnations of Daijizaiten (Mahesvara), which are Indian deities related to a cow, and also that the fact that around Ushioni there is a Tenman-gu Shrine enshrining SUGAWARA no Michizane (Tenman daijizaiten) may have some relationship with Ushioni.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

10世紀頃から、律令制で規定していた古代の戸籍制度・班田収授による租税制度がほぼ崩壊し、現地派遣の筆頭国司である受領へ租税納入を請け負わせる国司請負制へと移行し始めた。例文帳に追加

Since around the 10th century, the tax system consisting of the ancient family registration system and handen shuju sei (a system of periodic reallocations of rice land) stipulated by the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) had almost collapsed, gradually shifting into the kokushi ukeoi system, which made Zuryo (the head of Kokushi [provincial governors] who was sent to local provinces to administer) undertake tax collection in their provinces.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

ペルシャ辺りを起源とする有翼天人はゾロアスター教で空中から飛来するとされる精霊（フラワシFurawashi）を象ったものともされ、ターク・イ・ブスタン（サーサーン朝）やパサルガダエ（キュロス大王宮廷跡）など古代ペルシャ遺跡にその姿が見られる。例文帳に追加

The tennin statues with wings which was began around Persia were also regarded as a symbol of the spirit (Furuwashi) which fly around the air in Zoroastrianism, and its figures are seen in ancient Persian ruins such as Taqi Bustan (Sassanid Empire) and Pasargadae (ruin of the place of Cyrus the Great).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

八ヶ岳南麓の逸見荘は古代官牧逸見牧が発達しており、現在の清光寺域（北杜市長坂町）に館を構え（北杜市須玉町若神子とも）、詰城として谷戸城（北杜市大泉村(山梨県)）を築城したという。例文帳に追加

Located in the southern foothill of Yatsugatake, Henmiso had Henmi-no-maki, a livestock grazing land for ancient officials, spreading in the area, and Kiyomitsu settled in present Seikoji Temple area (Nagasaka-cho, Hokuto City) (alleged otherwise to be located at Wakamiko, Sudama-cho, Hokuto City) and built Yato Castle (Oizumi Village, Hokuto City, Yamanashi Prefecture) as tsume-no-shiro, a retreat and backup castle.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

当時、国衙領からの租税収取を確保するために、国内が古代的な郡・郷から中世的な郡・郷・保という単位に再編成されていたが、これを管轄する郡司・郷司・保司に任命されたのも、主に在庁官人であった。例文帳に追加

At that time in Japan, to ensure the tax collection from the kokuga region, ancient units such as gun and go were reorganized into medieval units such as gun, go, and ho, and zaichokanjin were mainly appointed as gunshi, goshi, and hoshi who supervised these units.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

更に、戸田芳実は石母田正や安田元久らの、武士階級は農村から権門など古代階級を打ち破る階級として生まれるとする見解に対して、武士は初めから農民と対立する支配者側であったと主張する。例文帳に追加

In addition, Yoshimi TODA argued that bushi was on the ruling side in opposition to the peasants from the start in contrast to the argument by Tadashi ISHIMODA and Motohisa YASUDA stating that the bushi class formed by breaking free from ancient social class of peasants as influential families.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

江戸時代後期に、国学や水戸学の一部や吉田松陰らの立場から、古代日本が朝鮮半島に支配権を持っていたと『古事記』・『日本書紀』に記述されていると唱えられており、こうしたことを論拠として朝鮮進出を唱えた。例文帳に追加

They insisted on sending military to Korea on ground that some scholars of Kokugaku (the study of Japanese classical literature) and Mito-gaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in the Mito Domain), and Shoin YOSHIDA said that ancient Japan had hegemony over Korean peninsula according to "Kojiki" (The Record of Ancient Matters) and "Nihon-shoki" (Chronicles of Japan).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

古代日本における歌垣は、特定の日時と場所に老若男女が集会し、共同飲食しながら歌を掛け合う呪的信仰に立つ行事であり、互いに求愛歌を掛け合いながら、対になり恋愛関係になるとされる。例文帳に追加

In ancient Japan, the custom of utagaki was practiced as an event based on a magical belief of the people, irrespective of age and sex, who gathered on a fixed time and day at a specific place to exchange courtship songs while eating and drinking together in order to form couples who may eventually fall in love.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

古代律令制では雅楽寮が置かれていたが、しだいに諸家が家芸として独占的に世襲するようになり、律令制度の解体に伴って10世紀に蔵人所におかれた楽所（がくそ）に実質が移ることになる。例文帳に追加

Under the ancient Ritsuryo codes, gagaku-ryo (a governmental agency for gagaku musicians) was established, however, various families gradually monopolized gagaku as their family art and the actual base of activities of the musicians was shifted to gakuso (chamber of music) which was established in kurododokoro (the Chamberlain's Office) in the 10th Century associated with the dissolution of the Ritsuryo system.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

8世紀初頭に確立した律令制は、個人を徴税単位とする個別人身支配（人別支配）を基本原則としており、高度に体系化された律令法典・官僚制度・地方制度や古代の戸籍制度・計帳などを基盤として存立していた。例文帳に追加

The Ritsuryo system, which was established in early 8th century, adopted the principle of people-based governance (ruling individuals) and existed on the basis of the highly systematized Ritsuryo code of law/bureaucracy system/local administration system as well as the family registration system/keicho (yearly tax registers) etc.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

更に院政期において公家社会が再編される中で官職昇進次第や極位極官が出自によって決定される傾向が強まっていくと、古代からの貴族諸氏は一門に分化して中世的な「家」へと変質していく。例文帳に追加

Furthermore, as the aristocratic society was restructured during the cloistered government, promotion path to official positions and the final achievable position/rank became determined more by birth, and the aristocratic clans from the ancient times differentiated into each mon and transformed into the "Ie (family, house)" of the middle ages.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

五輪塔は、上から宝珠形＝空輪、半月形＝風輪、三角形（または笠形、屋根形）＝火輪、円形＝水輪、方形＝地輪によって構成され、古代インドにおいて宇宙の構成要素・元素と考えられた五大を象徴する。例文帳に追加

Gorinto consist of five rings which are symbolic of the elements of the universe in ancient India, or Godai (five elements) in Japanese: from the top to bottom, the Hoju shape (a lotus flower, Ku-rin = the ether ring), the crescent shape (Fu-rin = the air ring), the pyramid, or hat or roof shape (Ka-rin = the fire ring), the sphere shape (Sui-rin = the water ring), and the cube shape (Chi-rin = the earth ring).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

以下、『禅鳳書物写し』を除き表章・伊藤正義『金春古伝書集成』（わんや書店、1969年）に収録されるほか、『禅鳳雑談』が日本思想大系『古代中世芸術論集』（岩波書店）に収録されている（北川忠彦校訂）。例文帳に追加

Except for "Zenpo Shomotsu Utsushi" (copy of Zenpo's books), Zenpo's authored books were included in "Konparu Kodensho shusei" (Collection of the Ancient Treatises of Konparu) by Akira OMOTE and Masayoshi ITO (published by Wanya Shoten in 1969) and also "Zenpo Zodan" (Miscellaneous conversations with Zenpo) was included in "Collection of theories of art in the ancient and the medieval period," a collection of philosophical thoughts in Japan (Iwanami Shoten, publishers) (revised by Tadahiko KITAGAWA).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この道徳は、この点では、古代人の最良のものよりはるかに劣ったものになり、それに含まれるものを行うことで、利己的な誘因のおかげで同胞を顧慮することになるという場合を除けば、各人の義務の感情を同胞の利害から切り離すことによって、人間の道徳性に本質的に利己的な性格を与えるのです。例文帳に追加

in this falling far below the best of the ancients, and doing what lies in it to give to human morality an essentially selfish character, by disconnecting each man's feelings of duty from the interests of his fellow-creatures, except so far as a self-interested inducement is offered to him for consulting them.  - John Stuart Mill『自由について』

壬申の乱（じんしんのらん）とは天武天皇元年（672年）に起きた日本古代最大の内乱であり、天智天皇の太子・大友皇子（おおとものみこ、明治3年（1870年）、弘文天皇の称号を追号）に対し皇弟・大海人皇子（おおあまのみこ、後の天武天皇）が地方豪族を味方に付けて反旗をひるがえしたものである。例文帳に追加

The Jinshin War was the biggest domestic war in ancient Japan and broke out in 672 and Emperor Tenchi's younger brother, Prince Oama (later Emperor Tenmu) launched a revolt taking powerful local clans on his side against Prince Otomo (given the name Emperor Kobun later in 1870) who was a son of Emperor Tenchi.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、古事記や日本書紀などの古代史の研究が進むにつれて、考古学の成果により初期の天皇の実在に疑問がなされたり（欠史八代）、第26代の継体天皇の即位を王朝交代とする説がなされた（現在では、継体天皇は第25代までの天皇とは血のつながりがないとの説も存在する。）。例文帳に追加

As studies of the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki advanced, scholars began to doubt the existence of early emperors (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), and some people released the idea that the Japanese dynasty was changed when the 26th Emperor Keitai succeeded to the throne (according to a current study, Emperor Keitai had no blood relationship with emperors before him).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

「黒歯国」は台湾であるとし、台湾は古代には百済の勢力圏に含まれたとする論や、魏志倭人伝を典拠に「黒歯国」は倭国（日本）の南にあった国で、黒歯常之の祖先は、倭国を平定し、その東南にあった「黒歯国」まで百済の勢力圏に含まれていたとし、それらの平定の功績から領地として黒歯の地が黒歯常之の祖先に与えられたとする論などがある。例文帳に追加

Some people say that the 'Kokushi-koku' must be present-day Taiwan, which used to be a part of Baekje's territory in ancient times, and others say that, based on the Gishiwajinden (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in "The History of the Wei Dynasty"), the 'Kokushi-koku' must have been a country located to the south of Wakoku (Japan) and ancestors of Joshi KOKUSHI were given one of the Baekje's territories, 'Kokushi-koku,' that was located to the southeast of Wakoku, as a reward for their conquering of Wakoku.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これは小作制度というよりも中世荘園制度のインドへの導入に近く、従来は古代には収穫物の6分の1、デリー・スルタン朝時代以後でも収穫物の3分の1の徴収であったものが定額かつ高額な地税を現金による納付となり、なおかつ徴収実務は領主・地主に任されていたために、農民は農奴に近い状況に置かれた。例文帳に追加

This was the introduction of India to medieval manorialism rather than the tenancy system and traditionally one-sixth of harvests in ancient times and one-third of them after the Dehli Sultanate period were levied, but the taxes on land were paid with fixed and expensive amounts of cash money and the lords and landowners undertook tax collection work and thus the farmers were put in a situation which was similar to that of serfs.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

『古事記』、『日本書紀』やその他歴史書の表向きの記載によれば、日本の皇統は初代神武天皇から現在の第125代今上天皇まで男系の血筋のみで続いてきたとされる（いわゆる「万世一系」、ただし信憑性については諸説あり、高群逸枝などの民俗学者は古代が母系制であったことを主張している）。例文帳に追加

According to the statements in the "Kojiki" (Records of Ancient Matters), "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), and other history books, the Japanese imperial line has been succeeded by the male bloodline since the first Emperor Jinmu to the hundered and twenty-fifth present Emperor (so-called `unbroken line of Emperors,' however, there are many views regarding the credibility of this theory including the view of Itsue TAKAMURE; that imperial succession was based on the mother-line in ancient times.)  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

やがて天皇宿舎付近へ迫るも、それまでの警備とは段違いな警護の前に天皇の奪還を断念、傍にあった桜の木へ「天莫空勾践　時非無范蠡」（天は古代中国の越王・勾践に対するように、決して帝をお見捨てにはなりません。きっと范蠡の如き忠臣が現れ、必ずや帝をお助けする事でしょう）という漢詩を彫り書き入れ、その意志と共に天皇を勇気付けたという。例文帳に追加

Although he got close to the room where the Emperor was, he had to give up his plan of the recapture because of heavier guard and so he carved a message of a Chinese poem '天莫空勾践 時非無范蠡' (which means 'as gods saved King Goujian of Yue, so they will never give up on you, and some faithful retainers like Fan Li shall come to save you' in English) on a nearby cherry tree to deliver his will and to encourage the Emperor.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

古代の有力豪族であった物部氏の末裔（仏教反対派として有名な物部守屋の弟の5代目の子孫だとされる）である石上氏に生まれた宅嗣は藤原仲麻呂討伐などで活躍をして大納言にまで昇る一方で当時を代表する知識人・文人であり、熱心な仏教信者でもあった。例文帳に追加

Born into the Isonokami clan that is descended from the powerful ancient clan of Mononobe (alleged to be the fifth-generation descendant of the younger brother of MONONOBE no Moriya who opposed the introduction of Buddhism), Yakatsugu is famed for his military accomplishments defeating FUJIWARA no Nakamaro and rising to the rank of Dainagon (chief councilor of state) but at the same time was a leading figure in literature and arts and an avid Buddhist.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、本発明のジャムの製造方法は、古代米の玄米を焙煎する焙煎工程と、焙煎された玄米を粉砕することにより、粉末状の米素材を生成する米素材生成工程と、生成された米素材、所定の種類のポリフェノール素材、および所定の種類の増粘多糖類を含む原料を、攪拌・加熱機に投入し、攪拌しながら加熱する攪拌・加熱工程と、を備えている。例文帳に追加

The method for producing the jam includes a roasting process of roasting ancient brown rice, a rice material producing process of producing a powdery rice material by crushing roasted brown rice, and a stirring heating process of charging a raw material which contains the produced rice material, a prescribed kind of polyphenol material, and a prescribed kind of thickening polysaccharide, into a stirring heating machine so as to heat the product while stirring. - 特許庁

大連は、各大王の治世ごとに親任され、雄略天皇の時代に大伴室屋と物部目が揃って大連に任じられて以後は大臣_(古代日本)とともに常設となったとされ、武烈天皇の治世に当たる6世紀前期には大伴金村と物部麁鹿火が大連に任命され、特に継体天皇擁立に功があった大伴金村が権勢を振るう時代が続いた。例文帳に追加

An omuraji was appointed each time when a new okimi came to throne; at the time of Emperor Yuryaoku, when both OTOMO no Muroya and MONONOBE no Me were assigned the position of omuraji, this poistion became a regular one together with oomi; in the early sixth century during the time of Emperor Buretsu, OTOMO no Kanemura and MONONOBE no Arakahi were both appointed as omuraji; particularly, OTOMO no Kanemura, who made great achievements, exerted its power for a long time.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

なお、小説家の井沢元彦は逆説の日本史において、古代の日本は中国文明の影響によって、子孫の祭祀の絶えた者が怨霊となるとして、これを「プレ怨霊信仰」と呼び、それが長屋王と藤原四子の事件により「冤罪で死んだ者が怨霊となる」という「日本的怨霊信仰」へと変化したと提唱している。例文帳に追加

Additionally, Motohiko IZAWA, a novelist who wrote "Gyakusetu no nihonnshi" ("Japanese History in Paradox"), says in his book that ancient Japanese, under the influence of Chinese Civilization, believed that spirits totally neglected by their decendents would become onryo, which he defines as "the stage before goryo shinko", and that due to the incident of Prince Nagaya and the four Fujiwara sons, the stage developed into a typical Japanese onryo shinko whereby the departed soul of a man who died because of a false charge would become an onryo.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

特に律令制に基づいて統治が行われた奈良時代は、古代からの地方首長の末裔である郡司層の首長権に由来する権威を利用しつつ、国司四等官の主催する国衙機構が、戸籍を編纂して朝廷の統治領域全体に個別の人別支配の網を張り巡らしていた。例文帳に追加

Especially in the Nara period when the nation was governed based on the Ritsuryo system, the system of kokuga (the region the provincial governor of the Ritsuryo system ruled), which was managed by kokushi shitokan (four officials of the provincial governor), extended individual dominance by person throughout areas ruled by the Imperial court by preparing census while taking advantage of authorities originated from chieftaincy of the Gunji (local magistrates) who were scion of the regional chiefs.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

特にコント氏はそうであって、氏の「実証政治学論」に展開されている社会体系は、(法的装置というより道徳的装置によってでありますが)個人にたいする社会の専制を確立することを目的にしており、それは古代の哲学者のなかでも最も厳格な戒律主義者の政治的理想で意図されていたものを凌駕しているのです。例文帳に追加

M. Comte, in particular, whose social system, as unfolded in his Systeme de Politique Positive, aims at establishing (though by moral more than by legal appliances) a despotism of society over the individual, surpassing anything contemplated in the political ideal of the most rigid disciplinarian among the ancient philosophers.14  - John Stuart Mill『自由について』

皇別とは弘仁6年（815年）に朝廷が編纂した古代氏族の系譜集『新撰姓氏録』が、皇別（天皇・皇子の子孫）・神別（天津神・国津神の子孫）・諸蕃（朝鮮半島・中国大陸その他から渡来した人々の子孫）の3種に氏族を分類していることにちなむ用語である。例文帳に追加

Kobetsu is a term associated with the classifications of three kinds of shizokus, namely Kobetsu (descendents of Emperors and Imperial Princes), Shinbetsu (descendents of Amatsukami [god of heaven] and Kunitsukami [god of the land]), and Shoban (descendents of immigrants from Korean Peninsula, Mainland China, and other areas) described in "Shinsen Shojiroku (Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility), a genealogy of ancient cognate clans compiled by the Chotei (Imperial Court) in 815.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これらの遺跡より、6世紀後半から8世紀初めまでの白河地方の中心地はこの一帯（福島県西白河郡泉崎村南部・白河市北部地域）と推定され、泉崎横穴を含めたこれらの遺跡群は白河国造から古代白河郡への変遷を解明する上で重要である。例文帳に追加

In view of these remains, the central area of the Shirakawa region from the late sixth century to the early eighth century is presumed to have been this area (the southern part of Izumizaki Village, Nishishirakawa County, Fukushima Prefecture and the northern part of Shirakawa City) and these remains including Izumizaki Yokoana Cave are important for making clear the changes from the era of Shirakawa no Kuni no Miyatsuko (regional administrator of Shirakawa Province) to the ancient Shirakawa County.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

古代イランでは、祖先のフラワシ（Fravaši、ゾロアスター教における聖霊・下級神、この世の森羅万象に宿り、あらゆる自然現象を起こす霊的存在、この「フラワシ」は人間にも宿っており、人間に宿る魂のうち、最も神聖な部分が「フラワシ」なのだと言う、ここから、フラワシ信仰が祖霊信仰と結びついた）すなわち「祖霊」を迎え入れて祀る宗教行事が行われていた。例文帳に追加

In ancient Iran, a religious event was held to invite ancestors' Fravaši (the spirit or lower-class god, or a spiritual existence that resides in everything and causes all natural phenomena: it is said that this Fravaši also resides in human beings and constitutes the most sacred portion, providing a relationship to connect worship of Fravaši with the worship of ancestors' souls), or in other words, ancestors' souls, and to offer them a memorial service.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

多くの韓国人学者は、庶民も含む広範な文学の成立と固有言語の表記法が、自国よりもはるか以前の時期に日本において文献で確認できることに複雑な感情を抱いており、「古代朝鮮語」と『万葉集』の直結的関連性については、韓国の学界では科学的論証を経ずに肯定的に捉えられている。例文帳に追加

Many Korean scholars have mixed feelings in relation to documents which prove that literature and an original writing system had been widely established in Japan including for people outside the aristocracy much earlier than in Korea; therefore, some Korean scholars may prefer to adhere to hypothesis of direct relationship between 'the ancient Korean language' and the "Manyoshu" without concrete scientific evidence to back up the assertion.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

特に、古くからの地域における首長層を再編した郡司層の首長権への精神面での服従構造と、経営の安定性を欠く零細百姓層の経営維持を保証する出挙は、本来古代日本とは異質な社会である唐代中国社会を成立背景とした律令制が、日本で成立する上で重要であった。例文帳に追加

In particular, the structure of mental obedience to the chieftaincy of Gunji (local magistrates), who used to be the chiefs of village community since ancient times, as well as suiko (a kind of official loan system), which was supposed to guarantee the sustainable management of small-hold peasants, were quite important for maintaining the Ritsuryo system in Japan since this system was originally created in the context of Chinese society of the Tang Dynasty, a quite different society from that of Japan.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

1953年（昭和28年）、京都府山城町(京都府)（現・木津川市）の椿井大塚山古墳から神獣鏡が出土すると、小林行雄は同型の鏡が日本各地の古墳から出土している事実に着目し、邪馬台国が大和に所在し、のちのヤマト王権が卑弥呼に下賜された神獣鏡を各地の豪族に与えたとする古代政権成立過程を提唱した。例文帳に追加

When Shinjukyo (the mirror engraved divine beasts) was discovered in the Tsubaiotsukayama-kofun Tumulus in Yamashiro-cho, Kyoto Prefecture (Kyoto Prefecture) (currently, Kizugawa City) in 1953, Yukio KOBAYASHI focused on the fact that the same form of mirrors were discovered in the various places in Japan and advocated Yamatai-Koku kingdom located in Yamato and the process of the establishment of an ancient government that Shinjukyo granted to Himiko by later Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) were given to Gozoku (local ruling family) in the various places.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

具体的には王心斎は、『孝経』と四書を重視したが、経書の注釈に拘らない自得の学問を説き、独特な「淮南格物」を主張したこと、古代を理想とする尚古思想をもっていたことがその思想的特徴といえるが、なによりも重要なのは、知識人層以外の階層に陽明学を広めることを己が責務としたことである。例文帳に追加

Specifically, Wang Xinzhai put emphasis on the "Classic of Filial Piety", or "Xiao Jing", and The Four Books but, ideologically, was characterized by preaching the teachings that he had learned himself without being obsessive about commentaries on the Classics, advocating his original idea of 'Junnan kakubutsu,' and maintaining a primitivism whereby he made the ancient times his ideal, but above all he made it his duty to propagate Yomeigaku outside of the intellectual classes.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス