stoopとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA^(key): /stuːp/
• 韻: -uːp

語源 1

Borrowed from Dutch stoep (“platform", "pavement”). Doublet of stoep. Cognate with step.

名詞

stoop (複数形 stoops)

1. (chiefly Northeastern US, chiefly New York, also Canada) The staircase and landing or porch leading to the entrance of a residence.

   Synonyms: porch, verandah

   • 1856 James Fenimore Cooper, Satanstoe or The Littlepage Manuscripts: A Tale of the Colony (London, 1856) page 110

     Nearly all the houses were built with their gables to the streets and each had heavy wooden Dutch stoops, with seats, at its door.

   • 1905 Carpentry and Building, vol. 27 (January 1905), NY: David Williams Company, page 2

     ...the entrance being at the side of the house and reached by a low front stoop with four or five risers...

2. (US) The threshold of a doorway, a doorstep.

   Synonyms: step, doorstep

   • 1902, Gustav Kobbé, Signora: a child of the opera house, page 15:

     A short flight of iron steps leads up to it and a storm door is built over the stoop, forming a little vestibule, and serving to keep out the gusts.

   • 1975, Laurraine Goreau, Just Mahalia, Baby: The Mahalia Jackson Story, page 248:

     You better hurry up and get strong, if you going to carry me across the stoop.

   • 1997, Peter S. Feibleman, A place without twilight‎^[1], page 15:

     Holding her breath while she set one foot over the stoop and followed it up into the house

   • 1999, Nora Gallagher, Things Seen and Unseen: A Year Lived in Faith, page 115:

     She grins at me and lifts her walker over the stoop.

関連する語

• stoep

語源 2

From Middle English stoupen, from 古期英語 stūpian (“to bow, bend”), from Proto-West Germanic *stūpōn, from Proto-Germanic *stūpōną, *stūpijaną (“to stand out”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewb- (“to push, butt, knock”). Compare steep. Cognate with Dutch stuipen (“to bend the upper part of the body forward かつ downward”), Old Norse stúpa (“to stoop”). Related also to Old Frisian stēpa (“to help”), Old Norse steypa (“to cause to stoop, cast down, overthrow”).

動詞

stoop (三人称単数 現在形 stoops, 現在分詞 stooping, 過去形および過去分詞形 stooped)

1. To bend the upper part of the body forward and downward to a half-squatting position; crouch.

   He stooped to tie his shoe-laces.

   • 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I,

     Their walk had continued not more than ten minutes when they crossed a creek by a wooden bridge and came to a row of mean houses standing flush with the street. At the door of one, an old black woman had stooped to lift a large basket, piled high with laundered clothes.

   • 2010 December 28, Kevin Darlin, “West Brom 1 - 3 Blackburn”, in BBC‎^[2]:

     Pedersen took a short corner and El-Hadji Diouf was given time to send in a cross for Mame Diouf to stoop and head home from close range.

2. To lower oneself; to demean or do something below one's status, standards, or morals.

   Can you believe that a salesman would stoop so low as to hide his customers' car keys until they agreed to the purchase?

3. (intransitive) Of a bird of prey: to swoop down on its prey.
   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene iv]:

     the holy eagle
     Stoop'd, as to foote vs: his Ascension is
     More sweet then our blest Fields

   • 1882 [1875], Thomas Bewick, James Reiveley, William Harvey, The Parlour Menagerie, 4th ed., p. 63:

     Presently the bird stooped and seized a salmon, and a violent struggle ensued.

4. (transitive) To cause to incline downward; to slant.

   to stoop a cask of liquor

5. (transitive) To cause to submit; to prostrate.
   • 1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, OCLC 1002865976; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, OCLC 987451380:

     Many of those whose states so tempt thine ears / Are stoopt by death; and many left alive.

6. To yield; to submit; to bend, as by compulsion; to assume a position of humility or subjection.
   • 1593, [William Shakespeare], Venvs and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], OCLC 837166078; Shakespeare’s Venvs & Adonis: […], 4th edition, London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent and Co. […], 1896, OCLC 19803734:

     The grasse stoops not, she treads on it so light

   • 1668, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, M. DC. LXVI. […], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], OCLC 1064438096, (please specify the stanza number):

     Mighty in her ships stood Carthage long, […] / Yet stooped to Rome, less wealthy, but more strong.

   • 1713, Joseph Addison, Cato, published 1712, [Act 1, scene 1]:

     These are arts, my prince, / In which your Zama does not stoop to Rome.

7. To descend from rank or dignity; to condescend.
   • 1773, Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer
   • 1625, Francis Bacon, Of Riches

     Where men of great wealth do stoop to husbandry, it multiplieth riches exceedingly.

同意語

(bend oneself forwards かつ downwards):

• bend down
• crouch
• squat

派生語

• stoop and roop

名詞

stoop (複数形 stoops)

1. A stooping, bent position of the body.

   The old man walked with a stoop.

   • 2011, Phil McNulty, Euro 2012: Montenegro 2-2 England [3]

     Theo Walcott's final pass has often drawn criticism but there could be no complaint in the 11th minute when his perfect delivery to the far post only required a stoop and a nod of the head from Young to put England ahead.

2. An accelerated descent in flight, as that for an attack.
   • 1819, Washington Irving, Bracebridge Hall: Hawking:

     At length the hawk got the upper hand, and made a rushing stoop at her quarry

派生語

• stoopy