「_廷」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(84ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

「我朝之覚」とは神功皇后の三韓征伐の際の三韓服従の誓約あるいは天平勝宝2年（752年）に孝謙天皇が新羅の使者に伝えた新羅国王の入朝命令と考えられ、この例に倣って高麗（李氏朝鮮）国王は諸大名と同じように朝廷（秀吉）への出仕義務があると考えて、直後に李氏朝鮮に対してその旨の使者を送っている清水紘一「博多基地化構想をめぐって－天正禁教令との関連を中心として－」（藤野保先生還暦記念会編『近世日本の政治と外交』（1993年、雄山閣）ISBN9784639011954）。例文帳に追加

An ancient example of Imperial Court' is regarded as either the pledge of obligation by three Korean countries at the conquest by Jinguu Empress or the order which Koken Emperor told an emissary of Silla that the King should come to see him in 752; Hideyoshi thought Korean King should serve Japanese Emperor and sent an emissary to Joseon Dynasty to tell this idea (Kouichi SHIMIZU ' About the idea to build a base at Hakata - relate to the forbiddance of Christianity - (Tamotsu Fujino Sexagenarian Memorial Association "Governance and foreign diplomacy of modern Japan" 1993, Yuhikaku Press, ISBN 9784639011954).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

1392年（元中9年/明徳3年）には南朝勢力が全国的に衰微したため義満は大内義弘を仲介に南朝方と交渉を進め、持明院統と大覚寺統が交互に即位する事（両統迭立）や諸国の国衙領を全て大覚寺統の所有とする事（実際には国衙領はわずかしかなかった）などの和平案を南朝の後亀山天皇に提示し、後亀山が保持していた三種の神器を持明院統の後小松天皇に接収させて南朝が解消されるかたちでの南北朝合一を実現し58年にわたる朝廷の分裂を終結させる。例文帳に追加

In 1392, Yoshimitsu accelerated negotiations with the Southern Court with a help of Yoshihiro OUCHI as an intermediary, as the national influence of the Southern Court was declining. In the negotiations, he presented several following proposals for reconciliation: the emperor should be selected alternately from the two imperial lineages, Jimyoin-to and Daikakuji-to; all the state-owned territories (of which there was actually very little) should belong to the Daikakuji-to; the Three Sacred Treasures which were in the possession of Emperor Go-Kameyama should be presented to Emperor Go-Komatsu of the Jimyoin-to, so that the Southern Court would be dissolved. In this way, he achieved integration of the Northern and Southern Courts, and put a stop to the 58 year split between the courts.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

従来、この官符は平良兼、平貞盛、源護らに対して出された将門追討の官符であると解釈されてきたが、前後の事実関係とのつながりとの食い違いが生じることから、これを公的には馬寮に属する常羽御厩を良兼・貞盛らが攻撃してしまったことによって良兼らが朝廷の怒りを買い、彼らへの追討の官符を将門が受けたと解釈する説が有力となっている。例文帳に追加

This kanpu has conventionally been interpreted as having been issued to have TAIRA no Yoshikane, TAIRA no Sadamori and MIMAMOTO no Mamoru subjugate Masakado; however, because inconsistencies arose between the facts preceding and following the event, another theory, holding that Yoshikane and others had angered the Imperial Court when Yoshikane and Sadamori attacked Ikuha no mimaya, which officially belong to Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses), and that Masakado had received the kanpu as an order to subdue them, has become prominent.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

しかし、天皇の后にした娘が男子に恵まれなかった事や刀伊の入寇・平忠常の乱・前九年の役など戦乱が相次ぎ、朝廷内部での絶対的な権勢とは裏腹に内外においてはその政治的基盤を揺るがせる事態が相次ぎ、晩年には藤原氏と縁のない後三条天皇が即位して、摂関家は衰退へ向かい、やがて院政と武士の台頭の時代へと移ることになる。例文帳に追加

However, because the maiden taken by the Emperor as Empress was unable to provide a son and, due to conflicts such as the Toi Invasion, the TAIRA no Tadatsune Rebellion and the Zenkunen War, the absolute power of the Fujiwara clan in the inner circles of the imperial court was eroded at home and abroad and rocked to its political foundations time and again; in its final years, the Fujiwara clan, who kept the position of Sessho and Kanpaku, saw the unrelated Emperor Gosanjo enthroned and as such, and headed towards decline; in time, there was a transition to a period of cloistered government and the ascendance of samurai warriors. - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

とかく親幕派・公武合体を進めた公卿として知られるが、一方で家宣の死後に新井白石の斡旋で行われた霊元上皇皇女の八十宮（吉子内親王）の将軍徳川家継への降嫁（これは一転して幕府との関係改善に乗り出した霊元上皇と近衛熈子（出家して天英院）の排除を策する家継生母月光院との思惑の一致による側面もあった）には朝廷の尊厳を損なうとして強く反対するなど朝臣として幕府とは距離をとることも忘れなかった。例文帳に追加

While Motohiro was known as the Kugyo who promoted the shogunate marital union with the imperial family, he strongly opposed the Koka (marriage of an imperial princess to a subject) of Yasonomiya (Imperial Princess Yoshiko), the daughter of the Retired Emperor Reigen, to Shogun Ietsugu TOKUGAWA after the death of Ienobu under recommendation from Hakuseki ARAI (this was probably due to an attempt by Ietsugu's biological mother, Gekkoin, to get rid of Retired Emperor Reigen, who tried to improve the relation with the bakufu, and Hiroko KONOE (who became a monk called Teneiin)), and did not forget to distance himself from the bakufu as Choshin (Imperial retainer).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

婆娑羅大名には多かれ少なかれ朝廷などの旧来の権威を軽んじる風潮があったが、直義にとって光厳上皇は兄・尊氏の征夷大将軍任命とそれを行った光明天皇の即位に対する大義名分を保障する唯一の権威（治天の君）であり、その権威を揺るがす行為を容認することは室町幕府の正統性そのものを否定することにもつながりかねない事と考えていた。例文帳に追加

Basara daimyo (unconventional warriors) in general more or less downplayed conventional authority such as the Imperial Court, but for Tadayoshi, the Retired Emperor Kogon was the only authority (chiten no kimi (supreme ruler)) that guaranteed a legitimate reason for the appointment of his older brother, Takauji, to Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") and the reason for Emperor Komyo's ascent to the throne, and therefore, Tadayoshi thought that forgiving his behavior would threaten his authority and would negate the legitimacy of the Muromachi bakufu.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

なお、この時清行は時平に対して、道真の関係者全てを連座の対象とすると、道真の祖父菅原清公以来の門人が全て処罰の対象となり朝廷が機能停止に陥る事を指摘し、処分を道真の親族と宇多上皇の側近のみに留めたことや、清行が道真の嫡男菅原高視の失脚で後任の大学頭に就いたことから、清行の政変への関与も指摘されている。例文帳に追加

Kiyoyuki was pointed out for his involvement in the political change because Kiyoyuki pointed out to Tokihira that all of the students of SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi, a grandfather of Michizane, would be punished and the Imperial Court would come to a standstill if all parties related to Michizane were involved, and he imposed the penalty only on the relatives of Michizane and close advisers of the Retired Emperor Uda, and because Kiyoyuki succeeded to Daigaku no kami (director of the Bureau of Education) due to the downfall of SUGAWARA no Takami, a legitimate son of Michizane.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

そのため、尊攘派であった権六郎は土倉一善（家老）・土肥隆平（番頭）・伊東与一郎（側児小姓頭）・江見鋭馬（弓(武器)組士）らとともに独自に国事周旋方として京都に上洛して活動を始めたが、忠香は岡山藩主と連携して薩摩藩・長州藩を抑えて朝廷での主導権をとる目論見があったが思うようにいかないため「慶政を隠居させるように」と激怒したという。例文帳に追加

Therefore, Gonrokuro who belonged to the sonjo party went up to Kyoto and started activities uniquely as an official to procure the state affairs together with Ichizen TOKURA (senior retainer), Ryuhei DOI (head clerk), Yoichiro ITO (head of the servants), Eima EMI (archer), etc., but it is said that Tadaka was outraged and said to 'have Yoshimasa retire' because his scheme to grasp the initiative in the Imperial Court suppressing Satsuma and Choshu domains by linking with the lord of Okayama Domain did not work well as he planned.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

従来の学説では院庁において実際の政務が執られたとされていたが、鈴木茂男が当時の院庁発給文書に国政に関する内容が認められないことを主張し、橋本義彦がこれを受けて院庁政治論を痛烈に批判したため近年では、非公式の私文書としての側面のある院宣を用いて朝廷に圧力をかけ、院独自の側近を院の近臣として太政官内に送り込むことによって事実上の指揮を執ったとする見解が有力となっている。例文帳に追加

Earlier theories asserted that political affairs were in fact conducted at Incho, but Shigeo SUZUKI asserted that no details regarding national government could be seen in the documents issued by Incho at that time, and Yoshihiko HASHIMOTO, based on this fact, strongly criticized the view that political affairs were conducted at Incho; consequently, in recent years it has become the prevalent view that the In put pressure on the Imperial Court by using inzen, which had the aspect of a non-official document, and that by placing his aides in positions of general council of state he took virtual control of the government.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これまで歴代の治天が進めてきた訴訟処理機構の整備や迅速な訴訟処理、有為な人材の登用などは当然であるが、後醍醐は、沽酒法（米価・酒価公定令）、洛中への地口銭賦課などの経済政策にも取り組み、さらには洛中酒鑪役賦課令、神人公事停止令、関所停止令などを発して、それまで治天の権限の及ばなかった領域へも積極的に手を伸ばして朝廷自体の権力基盤の拡大をも目指した。例文帳に追加

Naturally, Godaigo worked on the court management system, speedy court case processing and recruitment of useful human resources that past Chiten had worked on, but he also worked on financial measures such as Koshu-ho (Law defining the price of rice and sake), Jiguchisen-ka to Rakuchu (extra tax on houses and fields in central Kyoto) but he also tried to enlarge the power base of the Imperial Court itself by actively working on areas that the authority of past Chiten did not reach and issued Rakuchu Shuroyaku Fuka-rei, Shinjin Koji Teishi-rei, Sekishoteishi-rei, etc.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

幕府は両統迭立原則によって大覚寺統・持明院統両皇統間における話し合いによる皇位継承を勧めて深入りを避ける方針を採ったが、結果的に紛糾の長期化による朝廷から幕府に対する新たな介入要請を招き、その幕府の介入結果に不満を抱く反対派による更なる介入要請が出されるという結果的に幕府の方針と相反した悪循環に陥った。例文帳に追加

The bakufu, as concerning the system of the alternate enthronement of the two rival imperial lines, adopted a policy of making recommendations concerning the imperial succession and mediating between the daikakuji and jimyoin lineages without being drawn in too deeply to successional disputes, but in the end, after a long period of confusion over the succession, the imperial court made a new request for the bakufu to intervene, while the faction on the losing end of this dispute, nursing newfound dissatisfaction against the bakufu because of the results of this intervention, ended up making a request of their own, leading to a vicious circle that conflicted ever deeper with the bakufu's hands-off policy.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

律令制の衰退によって朝廷自体が天皇家の家政機関としての色彩を強めてくると、内蔵頭には蔵人頭や弁官・近衛府を歴任した四位の殿上人が就任するのが慣例となり、更に院政期には財力を有する有力な受領に移り、室町時代初期には山科家の当主が御厨子所別当を兼務して就任するようになると、以後同家の事実上の世襲となった。例文帳に追加

As the Ritsuryo system declined and the court itself started to function as the institution to manage the Emperor's family's household, it became tradition for the position of Kuranokami (the chief of Kuraryo) to be filled by court officials of the fourth rank that had previously been Kurodonoto (the chief of Kurodo Dokoro) or worked in the Benkan (clerical section) or Konoefu (Imperial palace guards), and then in the period of governments by cloistered emperors became a position for prominent Zuryo (head of provincial government) with strong financial power, and in the early Muromachi period, the Yamashina family held the position together with the position, Mizushidokoro Betto (superintendent of the cooking section for the emperor), and it has been essentially their hereditary post ever since.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その後、慶長16年3月21日_(旧暦)に後水尾天皇の即位に合わせて14名、4月21日_(旧暦)には19名の公家の一斉昇進が行われて豊臣政権時代に昇進が停滞してしまった公家の昇進人事が一括して行われ、次いで豊臣氏が滅亡した元和_(日本)元年（1615年）に制定された「禁中並公家諸法度」に公家官位と武家官位の完全分離が図られたのも、豊臣政権末期の官位を巡る朝廷の混乱を知る家康にとっては当然の事であったのである。例文帳に追加

Subsequently, fourteen court nobles advanced in rank on May 3, 1611, in conjunction with Emperor Gomizunoo's ascension to the Imperial throne while nineteen nobles on Jun 2, 1611, getting the promotion of court nobles, which had been hindered during the Toyotomi administration, to be awarded all together; it was only natural for Ieyasu to establish, in 1615, the same year as the Toyotomi clan was collapsed, the 'Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto' (a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and Kyoto nobles), which completely separated the official rank of the court nobles and that of the samurai class, for Ieyasu had witnessed the struggle of the Imperial Court regarding to official ranks at the end of the Toyotomi administration.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

室町時代・戦国時代(日本)の朝廷・室町幕府の財政基盤が大変弱かった事から、官職・役職への補任や継目安堵（将軍の就任に際して引き続き所領安堵の安堵状を得る事）の文書発給条件として謝礼としての礼銭の献上が期待されるようになり、いつしか論理がすり替わって礼銭の献上の多寡によって発給の是非が決定されるようになっていったのである。例文帳に追加

In the Muromachi and Sengoku (warring states) periods, the Imperial Court and the Muromachi bakufu were in severe financial difficulties, and as a result, the reisen as a gratuity was expected to be presented as a condition for receiving the documents of awarding government posts and official positions as well as of the tsugime ando (receiving again the ando-jo, or document to authorize the ownership and control of the shoryo, or territory, in case of appointment of Shogun); before long, the logic was changed, and whether the documents were issued or not came to depend on the amount of the reisen presented.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

簡単にいえば、武官は「官人として武装しており、律令官制の中で訓練を受けた常勤の公務員的存在」であるのに対して、武士は「10世紀に成立した新式の武芸を家芸とし、武装を朝廷や国府から公認された「下級貴族」、「下級官人」、「有力者の家人中世の家人」からなる人々」であって、律令官制の訓練機構で律令制式の武芸を身につけた者ではなかった。例文帳に追加

Simply speaking, military officers were 'government officials (espcially one of low to medium rank) who were armed and a full-time government [public] employee-like officials trained under the Ritsuryo-system,' while the bushi were 'the people who consisted of a 'lower ranking nobles,' 'lower ranking government officials' and 'people from powerful or medieval families' who regarded the new military art established during the 10th century as their iegei and were officially authorized to be armed by the Imperial Court or kokufu (provincial office)' and they did not acquire the military art of the Ritsuryo-system style in the training institution of the organization of the government according to the Ritsuryo codes.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

だが、実際に『延喜儀式』が朝廷の儀礼など用いられた事が確認できる記録が無く、逸文の初出も延喜年間より100年以上も経た『北山抄』であり、その後は院政期の書物に限られる事から、延喜年間に編纂されたものの『貞観儀式』（『儀式』）の部分的手直しに過ぎないとする説や、完成したが施行されなかったとする説、未完成に終わったとする説、更には延喜期の編纂ではなく11世紀までに成立した延喜期の儀礼に関する記録が儀式と看做された説などが諸説に分かれている。例文帳に追加

Yet, from the fact that there were no records to prove that "Engi Gishiki" was practically used in formalities at the imperial court, that its surviving fragment first appeared in "Hokuzansho" which was written more than one hundred years after the Engi era, and that it only appeared in documents during the period under the rule of Cloistered Emperors, some said that Engi Gishiki was compiled in the Engi era, but just as a partial improvement of "Jogan Gishiki" ("Gishiki"), some said that it was completed, but did not come into use, some said that it was not completed, and some said that it was not compiled during the Engi era, but records on the formalities in the Engi era established until the eleventh century were considered to be Gishiki.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その後の裁判例においては、第二の見解に立つものが続いたが、最高裁平成20年4月15日第二小法廷決定（事件番号平成19(あ)839）は、本判決について、「警察官による人の容ぼう等の撮影が、現に犯罪が行われ又は行われた後間がないと認められる場合のほかは許されないという趣旨まで判示したものではない」と述べた上で、公道上及びパチンコ店内において被告人の容ぼう等をビデオ撮影した捜査活動を適法と判断しており、少なくとも裁判例においては、第二の見解が支配的になったといえる。例文帳に追加

In subsequent cases, judgments proceeded from the second opinion, but Decision of the Second Petty Bench of the Supreme Court dated on April 15, 2008 (case number 2007 (A) No. 839) stated 'it does not go so far as to mean, as argued by the accused, that photographing of a person's appearance, etc. by police officials should not be permitted except in cases where it is found that the crime is currently being committed or has just been committed' and 'videotaping operations such as videotaping the defendant's appearance, etc. on the public road and in the pachinko parlor can be recognized as legal Investigation activities', which means that the second opinion has been dominant, at least in precedents.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

社会不安の高まりと相次ぐ災害に憂慮をした一条天皇及び内覧左大臣藤原道長を中心とした朝廷は、7月11日、内裏の再建を決定するとともに、神仏の信仰を通じた社会不安の沈静化と法規制の強化による秩序の回復を目指して仏神事違例（仏事・神事における違反）と制美服行約倹事（服装の贅沢禁止）に関する審議が行われた（『小右記』・『権記』）。例文帳に追加

The Imperial Court, including Emperor Ichijo and nairan sadaijin (minister of the left who has a right to read and deal with documents before reporting to the Emperor from Daijokan, the Great Council of State) FUJIWARA no Michinaga, was so concerned about growing social unrest and a series of disasters that it decided to rebuild the dairi on July 11 and discussed unconventionality in the Buddhist and the Shinto rituals as well as a ban on luxurious dressing, in order to subdue social unrest through a belief in God and to restore order by reinforcing control. ("Shoyuki" (the diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke), "Gonki" (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's diary))  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

足助氏はその後も御家人として存続したが、4代目惣領・足助重方とその子・足助親重は官位を有し昇殿をも許されるなど朝廷との繋がりは依然として深く、加えて一族の中には有力御家人安達氏との縁戚がおり、弘安8年（1285年）の霜月騒動で一族の足助重房が連座して滅ぼされたことなどから、次第に鎌倉幕府への不満を強めていくこととなる。例文帳に追加

After that, the Asuke clan survived as a vassal of the shogunate, but its relationship with the Imperial Court was still so close that the fourth head, Shigekata ASUKE, and his son Chikashige ASUKE had been given official rank and allowed to enter the denjo room in the palace; moreover, its dissatisfaction with the Kamakura bakufu increased because of problems such as the Shimotsuki Affair in 1285, in which Shigefusa ASUKE was involved and destroyed because, in the Asuke clan, there were relatives of the powerful gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods), Adachi clan.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

会津藩上洛後の京都では尊攘運動がますます激しく、尊攘激派浪士による暗殺・脅迫が横行、朝廷においても尊攘派公家によって朝議が左右されるようになり、天皇の意向はまったく無視されて勅旨が乱発され、幕府に破約攘夷の実行を要求し、さらに1863年(文久3年)8月には天皇による攘夷親征を実行するための大和行幸が企てられた。例文帳に追加

After the statesmen of the Aizu clan had come to Kyoto, the Sonno Joi movement gained additional strength, assassinations and threats by masterless samurai extremists became commonplace; even in the Court, sympathetic court nobles to Sonno Joi had a great influence, they often gave Imperial order without asking the Emperor's permission and demanded that the Shogunate immediately renounce the treaties with foreign countries following the Joi group's proposal (expulsion of foreigners), and what's more, in August 1863 (according to the old lunar calendar) they planned the Emperor's visit to Yamato for carrying out the Emperor's direct commitment to Joi.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

だが、藩主が非世襲の知藩事に変わり（ただし、実際には事実上の改易処分を受けた福岡藩などの例外を除いては、世襲の後継者がそのまま後任とされている）、陪臣である藩士も知藩事と同じ朝廷（明治政府）の家臣（「王臣」）とされる事で、朱子学に基づいた武士道（近代以後の「武士道」とは違う）によって位置づけられてきた主君（藩主）と家臣（藩士）の主従関係を否定することになるものであり、諸藩の抵抗も予想された。例文帳に追加

However, the lord of a domain changed to a non-hereditary Chihanji, (note that in fact, apart from the Fukuoka domain, whose rank changed by the 'kaieki' sanction (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) successors were of heredity) and since feudal retainers of the domain, who were baishin (indirect vassals) were also considered vassals (vassas of the king)of the Imperial Court (Meiji government), which are the same as Chihanji, it contradicted the relationship between the lord and vassal that was established by Bushido (the way of the samurai) based on Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) so resistance by domains were expected.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

民党との「政費節減」・「海軍予算」を巡る攻防では、明治天皇よりの「和衷協同」詔勅と内廷費300万円と官吏の俸禄1割削減を条件に妥協を成立させて予算案を通過させ、続いて条約改正交渉末期に差し掛かって民党(立憲改進党)や右翼(国民協会、大日本協会など)の間で高まる対外硬派の動きに対しては2度の衆議院解散をもって対抗して、日英通商航海条約締結による治外法権の撤廃に成功する。例文帳に追加

In the battle over "government cost-cutting" and "budget for navy" with minto, he reached a compromise based on the imperial rescript of "Wachukyodo (work together in the same spirit)" from Emperor Meiji, 3 million yen of daily living expenses, and 10% cut of salary for government officials to pass the budget, and subsequently opposed to movement of Taigaikoha (hard-line group against foreign countries) which were rising among a minto party (the Constitutional Progressive Party) and right-wing groups (including National Association and Great Japan Association) toward the end of negotiation for treaty revision by dissolution of the House of Representatives twice, and successfully removed exterritoriality by conclusion of the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

分類は、文筆・朝儀・神祇官・太政官・摂籙家・公卿家・別奏・功労・廷尉・内記・紀伝・陰陽道・暦道・天文道・医道・仏事・太宰府・異国・雑文・凶事・諸国雑事・諸国公文・諸国功過の各項目であるが、これは現存する部分についてであり、失われた9巻にどのような分類が含まれていたのかは不明である。例文帳に追加

The classification includes such items as literary art, chogi (ceremony at Imperial Court), Jingikan (Department of Divinities), Daijokan (Grand Council of State), the Setsuroku family (the family which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor), the Kugyo family (kugyo means a Court noble), besso, achievements, teii (Chinese name of police), naiki (secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs), kiden (biographical books), Onmyodo (yin-yang philosophy), rekido (the study of the calendar), tenmondo (astrology), ido (medical ethics), Buddhist service, Dazaifu (local government office in Kyushu region), foreign countries, miscellaneous writings, misfortunes, shokoku-zatsuji (miscellaneous matters of various districts), shokoku-kumon (official documents of various districts) and shokoku koka (merits and demerits of various districts), however, these items are about existing parts, therefore, it is unknown what kinds of classification were included in the missing nine volumes.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

平安時代中後期は、一時、紀伝道の分野で大江氏に優位を奪われ、菅原文時（899年～981年）（従三位・非参議）、菅原輔正（925年～1009年）（位階・参議・大宰府）のような例外を除いて公卿に列せられることはなかったが、鎌倉時代初期の菅原為長（1158年～1246年）が正二位・参議・大蔵省に昇進して以降、子孫は累代公卿に列せられ、朝廷における紀伝道の要職を独占。例文帳に追加

In the mid-to-late Heian period, the Sugawara clan was temporarily displaced from its dominant position in the field of Kidendo by the Oe clan and, as a result, and with the notable exceptions of Sugawara no Fumitoki (899-981) (Junior Third Rank, non-Councilor) and Sugawara no Sukemasa (925-1009) (Court Rank, Councilor, Dazaifu, foreign affairs office in Kyushu), members of the Sugawara clan were not ranked as Court nobles over this time, but at the beginning of the Kamakura period Sugawara no Tamenaga (1158-1246) was promoted to Senior Second Court Rank, Councilor, Treasury Office and his descendants were subsequently ranked as Court nobles, taking all the important Kidendo posts at Court.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

特許侵害に対する訴訟は，侵害が発生したと言われる州において，請求される損害額について金銭的に管轄権を有し，かつ，その州の他の裁判所との関係において，被告の住所又は営業所に最も近い所で開廷する記録裁判所に提起することができる。当該裁判所はその事件について判示し，訴訟費用について決定しなければならない。裁判所による管轄権の受任は，それ自体その管轄権の十分な証拠となる。例文帳に追加

An action for the infringement of a patent may be brought in that court of record that, in the province in which the infringement is said to have occurred, has jurisdiction, pecuniarily, to the amount of the damages claimed and that, with relation to the other courts of the province, holds its sittings nearest to the place of residence or of business of the defendant, and that court shall decide the case and determine the costs, and assumption of jurisdiction by the court is of itself sufficient proof of jurisdiction.  - 特許庁

(1)(a)に基づく実施権者は，特許権者に対して特許侵害を防止するための訴訟を提起するよう請求することができ，当該請求があった後2月以内に特許権者がこれを拒絶するか又は無視した場合は，実施権者は，特許権者を被告の1とし，自己が特許権者であるものとして，自己名義で特許侵害訴訟を提起することができる。ただし，被告の1として加えられた特許権者は，出廷し特許手続に参加しない限り，費用を支払う責任を有さない。例文帳に追加

A licensee under paragraph (1)(a) is entitled to call on the patentee to take proceedings to prevent infringement of the patent, and if the patentee refuses or neglects to do so within two months after being so called on, the licensee may institute proceedings for infringement in his own name as though he were the patentee, making the patentee a defendant, but a patentee added as defendant is not liable for any costs unless he enters an appearance and takes part in the proceedings.  - 特許庁

2以上の内の1特許共有者は，他の特許所有者の同意なく特許の侵害を申し立てられた行為に関し訴訟を提起することができる。ただし，その他の全特許所有者が被告として当該訴訟の当事者とならない限り，当該訴訟を提起してはならない。ただし，本項の要件に従い被告となった当該他の者の何れも，この者が当該訴訟に出廷し，かつ，参加しない限り，如何なる費用又は支出に対しても負担義務を有さないものとする。例文帳に追加

One of two or more joint proprietors of a patent may without the concurrence of the others bring proceedings in respect of an act alleged to infringe the patent, but shall not do so unless all the others are made parties to the proceedings as defendants, but any of the others who, pursuant to the requirements of this subsection, is made a defendant shall not be liable for any costs or expenses unless he enters an appearance and takes part in the proceedings.  - 特許庁

裁判所が別段の命令をしない限り，長官は，裁判所に出廷し，かつ，審理を受ける代わりに，争点となる事項に関する自己の処理若しくは同様の事項に影響する自己が与えた決定の理由，又は同様の事例についての庁の慣行，又は当該争点に関係する事項の詳細であって，長官としての知見の範囲内で自己が適切と認めるものを示す自らが署名した陳述書を裁判所に提出することができる。また，当該陳述書は当該訴訟において証拠の一部を構成するものとみなす。例文帳に追加

Unless otherwise directed by the Court, the Controller may, in lieu of appearing and being heard, submit to the Court a statement in writing, signed by him, giving particulars of the proceedings before him in relation to the matter in issue, or of the grounds of any decision given by him affecting the same, or of the practice of the Office in like cases, or of such matters relevant to the issues, and within his knowledge as Controller, as he shall think fit, and such statement shall be deemed to form part of the evidence in the proceedings.  - 特許庁

(b) 自己がマラヤ高等裁判所の法廷弁護士及び事務弁護士，サバ高等裁判所並びにサラワク高等裁判所の事務弁護士であるか，審査委員会によって承認された高等教育機関の該当分野又は工学又は科学の学位若しくはこれと同等の資格を有する者，又は審査委員会が認定する専門的工学若しくは科学の教育機関の卒業資格を受ける権原のある資格を有する者であること，及び例文帳に追加

(b) that he is an advocate and solicitor of the High Court in Malaya or an advocate of the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak, or has a relevant degree or its equivalent in an appropriate branch or engineering or science from an institution of higher learning approved by the Board of Examiners, or has qualifications entitling him to graduate membership of a professional engineering or scientific institution or the like recognized by the Board of Examiners; and - 特許庁

(4) 法に基づいて登録官に提出されるべき又はその他の者に送達されるべきその他の書類又は写しは，ファックス送信により又は電子的送信手段により提出又は送達することができる。ただし，そのように送信される書類又は写しが規則1A(4)の要件を遵守しており，従って原本であるとみなされる場合を除き，書類又は場合に応じて写しの原本がそれらの署名日から15開廷日以内に提出又は送達されることを条件とする。例文帳に追加

(4) Any other document or copy to be filed with the Registrar or served on any other person in terms of the Act may be filed or served by facsimile transmission or by means of electronic transfer: Provided that the original document or copy, as the case may be, is filed or served within 15 court days of the date of the signature thereof, unless the document or copy so transmitted complies with the requirements of regulation 1A(4) and is, therefore, deemed to be original. - 特許庁

局長は，裁判所から別段の指示を受けた場合を除き，本人が出廷する代わりに，裁判所に陳述書を出すことができ，陳述書の内容は，局長が知っている範囲での次に掲げる事項，すなわち，争点局長が行った決定がある場合は，その理由類似の事例における特許庁の慣行その争点に関連性のあるその他の事項に関するものとし，かつその陳述書は局長により署名されているものとする。例文帳に追加

Instead of appearing in person, the Commissioner may, unless otherwise directed by the Court, give the Court a written statement of the following particulars that are within the Commissioner's knowledge: the issues: the grounds of any decision given by him or her: the practice of the Patent Office in similar cases: any other matters that are relevant to the issues; and that is signed by the Commissioner. - 特許庁

「第133A条 一定の法的手続における証拠第131条に対する違反行為についての法的手続においては，裁判所は，第1審における聴聞の方法によるか又は上訴その他の方法によるかを問わず，著作権の存在又は所有権についての証拠として宣誓供述書を受領することができる。法的手続の当事者は，宣誓供述書による証拠を提出した者を反対尋問のために出廷させるよう，裁判所に申請することができる。また裁判所は，それに従って命令を出すことができる。」例文帳に追加

133A. Evidence in certain proceedings In proceedings for an offence against section 131, whether by way of a hearing in the first instance or by way of appeal or otherwise, the court may receive an affidavit as evidence of the existence and ownership of copyright. A party to the proceedings may apply to the court to require a person whose evidence has been given by affidavit to attend the proceedings for the purposes of cross-examination; and the court may make an order accordingly. - 特許庁

裁判所が別途命令する場合を除き，登録官は，出廷に代えて，次の事項を記載した陳述書に自己の署名を付して裁判所に提出することができる。争点となっている事項に関し登録官に対しなされた手続，当該事項に影響を与える登録官が下した決定の理由。同様な事例における登録簿の運用，又は，当該事項に関連し，かつ，登録官自身の知見の範囲内で適切と判断する事項，又，当該陳述書は当該訴訟手続における証拠の一部を構成するものと見なされる。例文帳に追加

Unless otherwise directed by the court, the Registrar may instead of appearing submit to the court a statement in writing signed by him, giving particulars of ? any proceedings before him in relation to the matter in issue; the grounds of any decision given by him affecting it; the practice of the registry in like cases; or such matters relevant to the issues and within his knowledge as Registrar as he thinks fit, and the statement shall be deemed to form part of the evidence in the proceedings.  - 特許庁

(7) 特許又は特許出願についての2以上の共同所有者の1である者は，他の全共同所有者の同意なしに紛争を本条に基づいて裁判所に付託することができるが，ただし，他の全共同所有者を当該手続の当事者とするものでない限り，その付託をしてはならず，他の共同所有者のうちで被告とされる者がいるときは，この者は，出廷して当該手続に参加しない限り，費用又は経費について支払義務はない。例文帳に追加

(7) One of the 2 or more joint proprietors of a patent or an application for a patent may, without the concurrence of the others, refer a dispute to the court under this section, but shall not do so unless the others are made parties to the proceedings; but any of the others if made a defendant shall not be liable for any costs or expenses unless he enters an appearance and takes part in the proceedings. - 特許庁

登録官は，審判部の別段の命令がある場合を除き，出廷する代わりに，争点に関して登録官に対してされた手続，自己が行った決定に影響した理由，同種事例における商標登録局の慣行，又は争点に関係があるその他の事項であって，登録官として知り得た事項について，自己が適当と認める明細を記載し，自己が署名した陳述書を提出することができる。この場合に，その陳述書は，法律手続において証拠となる。例文帳に追加

Unless the Appellate Board otherwise directs, the Registrar may, in lieu of appearing, submit a statement in writing signed by him, giving such particulars as he thinks proper of the proceedings before him relating to the matter in issue or of the grounds of any decision given by him affecting it, or of the practice of the Trade Marks Registry in like cases, or of other matters relevant to the issues and within his knowledge as Registrar, and such statement shall be evidence in the proceeding.  - 特許庁

(1)に掲げた違反の訴訟開始前に，当該商標に関して，登録無効を理由として，既に登録簿の更正申請が適法にされ，これが審査審判廷に係属しているときは，裁判所は，前記申請に対する処分があるまで告訴についての手続を停止し，その更正申請の結果に従い，原告がその者の標章として効力があるとするその登録の範囲内で，被告に対する告訴を決定しなければならない。例文帳に追加

Where before the institution of a complaint of an offence referred to in sub-section (1), any application for the rectification of the register concerning the trade mark in question on the ground of invalidity of the registration thereof has already been properly made to and is pending before the tribunal, the court shall stay the further proceedings in the prosecution pending the disposal of the application aforesaid and shall determine the charge against the accused in conformity with the result of the application for rectification in so far as the complainant relies upon the registration of his mark.  - 特許庁

登録官又は商標登録局の他の職員は，自己が当該訴訟手続の当事者でないすべての訴訟手続において，登録簿又は自己が保管中の他の書類の提出を強制されず，かつ，それらの内容については，本法により交付される認証謄本の提出により立証することができるものとし，裁判所が特別の理由からする命令によらない限り，前記の認証謄本に記載された事項を立証するため証人として出廷することを強制されない。例文帳に追加

The Registrar or any officer of the Trade Marks Registry shall not, in any legal proceedings to which he is not a party, be compellable to produce the register or any other document in his custody, the contents of which can be proved by the production of a certified copy issued under this Act or to appear as a witness to prove the matters therein recorded unless by order of the court made for special cause.  - 特許庁

(2) 裁判所が別段の指示をする場合を除いて，登録官は，出廷し聴聞を受ける代わりに，裁判所に対して，争点となっている事項に関する自己の下での手続，当該事項に影響を及ぼす自己が行った決定の理由，類似の事例に関する商標局の慣行，その他適当と考える当該問題に関係する事項であって自己の知識内にあるものについての詳細を述べた自己の署名入り陳述書を提出することができ，当該陳述書は，法的手続における証拠の一部を構成するとみなされる。例文帳に追加

(2) Unless otherwise directed by the Court, the Registrar, in lieu of appearing and being heard, may submit to the Court a statement in writing signed by him, giving particulars of the proceedings before him in relation of the matter in issue or of the grounds of any decision given by him affecting the same or of the practice of the office in like cases, or of such other matters relevant to the issues, and within his knowledge as Registrar, as he thinks fit, and such statement shall be deemed to form part of the evidence in the proceedings. - 特許庁

本法に基づく法的手続き(法廷における法的手続きではない)の当事者である者が当該手続きの係属中に死亡した場合，登録官は次のようにすることができる。 (a) 要請に基づき，かつ，死亡者の権益移転につき登録官の納得できる証拠がある場合，当該手続きにおいて権益譲受人を死亡者の代わりとすることができる。又は， (b) 登録官が死亡者の権益は生存当事者により十分に代理されると考える場合，権益譲受人を代置することなく当該手続きを継続させることができる。例文帳に追加

If a person who is party to a proceeding under this Act (not being a proceeding in a court) dies pending the proceeding, the Registrar may - (a) on request, and on proof to his satisfaction of the transmission of the interest of the deceased person - substitute in the proceeding his successor in interest in his place; or (b) if he is of opinion that the interest of the deceased person is sufficiently represented by the surviving parties - permit the proceeding to continue without the substitution of his successor in interest. - 特許庁

第20条(2)に従うことを条件として，ある者が商標法及び実務に関しての資格試験を受験する資格を有する場合とは，その者がその試験の受験を希望する年の10月1日前に，その者がカナダに居住しており，かつ，次の者に該当する場合である。 (a) ある州において開業する資格を有する法廷弁護士又は事務弁護士，又はケベック州において開業する資格を有する公証人，又は (b) カナダにおいて商標登録出願の準備及び手続を含むカナダ商標法及び実務の分野において，24月以上の期間業務を行ったことがある者例文帳に追加

Subject to subsection 20(2), a person is eligible to sit for a qualifying examination relating to trade-mark law and practice if, before October 1 of the year in which the person proposes to sit for the examination, the person resides in Canada and (a) is a barrister or solicitor entitled to practise as such in a province, or a notary entitled to practise as such in the Province of Quebec; or (b) has worked in Canada in the area of Canadian trade-mark law and practice, including the preparation and prosecution of applications for the registration of trade-marks, for a period of not less than 24 months.  - 特許庁

登録商標権侵害訴訟において被告が登録無効を主張し，かつ，当該事項の真偽が直ちに明白でない場合は，裁判所は，被告に対して，登録無効の宣言を得る目的で別の法廷に訴訟を提起する期間を与えるものとする。この場合は，登録の有効性に関する事項が確定するまで，原訴訟の判決をすることができない。与えられた期間内に対抗訴訟が提起されない場合は，裁判所は，被告の当該抗弁を無視して判決をする。例文帳に追加

If the defendant in an action for infringement of registered trademark rights claims that the registration is null and void and the truth of the matter is not immediately clear, the court shall allow him a period within which to bring action in a separate court hearing in order to have the registration declared null and void; no ruling in the original case may be handed down until the matter of the validity of the registration has been finally settled. If the secondary action is not brought within the period allowed, the court shall rule on the case without regard to the counterclaim.  - 特許庁

本条に基づいて発する差止命令は，メッセージを送受する第三者の権利を妨げるものであってはならない。裁判手続法第7章第7条の規定に従うことを条件として，差止命令は，原告が執行法(37/1895)第7章第16条にいう保証金を廷吏に納めた時に効力を生じる。本条第2段落又は第3段落に基づいて発した差止命令は，第38条第1段落にいう訴訟が差止命令発出から1月以内に提起されなかった場合は失効する。例文帳に追加

An injunction issued under this Section must not endanger the right of a third party to send and receive messages. Subject to the provisions of Chapter 7, Section 7, of the Code of Judicial Procedure, the injunction comes into force when the plaintiff gives the bailiff the security referred to in Chapter 7, Section 16, of the Execution Act (37/1895). An injunction issued under paragraph 2 or 3 of this Section lapses if the action referred to in Section 38(1) is not brought within a month from the issuance of the injunction.  - 特許庁

(3)高等裁判所が別段の指示をしない限り、登録官は出廷に代えて自ら署名した意見書を提出し、争点事項に関連して当該登録官が行った手続き、又は当該争点事項に影響を与える自己の決定の根拠、又は類似事件における登録商標局の実務、又は争点に関し、かつ登録官として自己の知識の範囲内にあるその他の事項について適切と考える詳細を提出することができ、かかる意見書は訴訟手続きにおいて証拠となる。例文帳に追加

(3) Unless the High Court Division otherwise directs, the Registrar may, in lieu of appearing, submit a statement in writing, signed by him, giving such particulars as he thinks proper of the proceedings before him relating to the matter in issue, or of the grounds of a decision given by him affecting it, or of the practice of the Trademarks Registry in like cases, or of other matters relevant to the issues and within his knowledge as Registrar, and such statement shall be evidence in the proceeding.  - 特許庁

商標登録局の登録官又はその他職員は、その者が当事者でないいかなる法的手続きにおいても、特段の理由により裁判所が命じる以外は、内容が本法に基づき発行される認証謄本の提出をもって立証可能な登録簿又はその者が保管するその他の文書の提出を強制されず、又は当該文書に記録された事項を証明するために証人として出廷することを強制されない。例文帳に追加

The Registrar or any other officer of the Trademarks Registry shall not, in any legal proceeding to which he is not a party, be compellable to produce the Register or any other document in his custody, the contents of which can be proved by the production of a certified copy issued under this Act or to appear as a witness to prove the matters therein recorded unless ordered by the Court for special cause.  - 特許庁

なお、表見代理制度は、取引の相手方が当該第三者に代理権があると誤認した場合の規定であり、なりすましの場合に直接適用されるものではないが、判例は、代理人が直接本人の名で権限外の行為を行い、その相手方がその行為を本人自身の行為と信じた場合について基本代理権の存在を認定した上で、民法第 110条の規定の類推適用を認めている（最高裁昭和４４年１２月１９日第二小法廷判決・民集２３巻１２号２５３９頁）。例文帳に追加

The principle of apparent representation applies where the counterparty to a transaction believed that an unauthorized agent had the power of representation. Consequently, apparent representation does not directly apply to cases of simple spoofing. However, case law has held that Article 110 of the Civil Code should apply to cases where an agent (who, as determined by the court, had certain basic powers of representation) performed an unauthorized act as a principal and the counterparty believed in good faith that it was the act of the principal (Judgment of the Supreme Court of Japan, 2nd Petty Bench, December 19, 1969, 23-12; 2539 Minshu 2539).  - 経済産業省