「文史」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(23ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

また、この説は大政奉還路線と武力倒幕路線の対立を必要以上に強調しすぎたきらいがあり、両者は相容れない路線ではなかったとする学説　家近良樹『幕末政治と倒幕運動』（吉川弘文館、1995年）・高橋秀直「「公議政体派」と薩摩倒幕派-王政復古クーデター再考-」（『京都大学文学部研究紀要』41、2002年）・佐々木克『幕末政治と薩摩藩』（吉川弘文館、2004年）・井上勲「大政奉還運動の形成過程(一)」（『史学雑誌』81-11、1972年）などが参考になる。例文帳に追加

And also there are some argues that this theory emphasizes too much the conflict between Taisei-hokan policy and violent overthrow of the Shogunate policy, which is also another theory and points out that the both policies are not so much contradicting: "Politics in the end of Edo era and Movement of overthrow of the Shogunate" by Yoshiki IECHIKA (Yoshikawa kobunkan, 1995), "Supporters for Politics by Congress and Supporters for Overthrow of the Shogunate by Satsuma - Review on Imperial Rule Restoration Coup d'etat -" by Hidenao TAKAHASHI ("Kyoto University, Faculty of Letters, Research Report" 41, 2002), "Politics in the End of Edo Era and Satsuma Clan" by Suguru SASAKI (Yoshikawa kobunkan, 2004), and "Formation Process of Taisei-hokan Movement (1)" by Isao INOUE ("Shigaku zasshi" 81-11, 1972).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

巻末の跋文によれば、執筆の動機および命名の由来は、内大臣藤原伊周が妹中宮藤原定子と一条天皇に当時まだ高価だった料紙を献上した時、「帝の方は『史記』を書写なさったが、こちらは如何に」という宮の下問を受けた清少納言が、「枕にこそは侍らめ」と即答した。例文帳に追加

According to an afterword to the book, her motive for writing the book and the origin of the title came from the episode in which, when Naidaijin (minister of the center) FUJIWARA no Korechika presented to his younger sister FUJIWARA no Empress Teishi and Emperor Ichijo a bundle of paper, which was still expensive in those days, the Empress inquired, 'Emperor used the paper to copy "Shiki (Records of the Grand Historian),' what do you think we could write on this?" to which Sei Shonagon answered, 'it (the book) would be good to use as a pillow.'  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

文徳天皇即位から後一条天皇の万寿2年（1025年）に至るまで14代176年間の宮廷の歴史を、藤原北家、ことに藤原道長の栄華を軸にして、大宅世継（190歳）と夏山繁樹（180歳）という長命な二人の老人が雲林院の菩提講で語り合い、それを若侍が批評するという対話形式で書かれている。例文帳に追加

It describes 176 years of the Imperial Court's history, the reigns of 14 emperors from Emperor Montoku's ascension up to 1025 and the reign of Emperor Go-ichijo, with the prosperity of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and especially the glory of Michinaga FUJIWARA as its core, being written in the style of a dialogue between two extremely old men, 190-year-old OYAKE no Yotsugi and 180-year-old NATSUYAMA no Shigeki, with the criticisms of a young samurai, taking place at the enlightenment sermons (bodaiko) held at the Urinin.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

そうした時代に、『吾妻鏡』が編纂され、北条貞時政権の担い手（寄合衆）達、特に文筆の家の者が中心になって、自分達の寄って立つ鎌倉幕府、北条得宗家体制の成立、その中で源氏三代、そして北条泰時、北条時頼の時代を回顧され、そしてそれぞれの「家」の成立・形成を示しながら鎌倉幕府の歴史が振り返られていく。例文帳に追加

"Azuma Kagami" was compiled in such times, looking back on the history of the Kamakura bakufu, on which the pillar (Yoriaishu) of the Sadatoki HOJO administration, especially the writers' family members depended, and also looking back on the establishment of the Hojo Tokuso family administration, especially the reign of Minamoto clan which lasted over three generations, those of Yasutoki and Tokiyori HOJO, and on the appearance and formation of the 'Family' system.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

このような経歴から、賀茂神社間の争いに関わる話や、事実上中世最後となった文正元年（1466年）の大嘗祭に関する記事、公家と武家（室町幕府）の関係、応仁の乱の経緯、頻発した土一揆の様子、さらに普段の公家の生活などが詳細に記されており、同時代を知る上での一級史料といえる。例文帳に追加

From such a career, the diary has detailed entries about conflicts between the Kamo-jinja Shrines, the Great Thanksgiving Festival in 1466 that in fact became the last such festival held in the medieval period, the relationship between court aristocrats and warriors (Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)), the circumstances of the Onin War, what the frequently-occurring do-ikki (uprisings of cultivators and other commoners) were like, and the ordinary life of court nobles, etc., so it is an important historical source to know about this period.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

だが、天暦5年（951年）10月、宮中の昭陽舎（梨壺）に撰和歌所が置かれ、その寄人に任命された源順・大中臣能宣・清原元輔・坂上望城・紀時文（以上、梨壺の五人）が中心となって『万葉集』の訓詁と新たな勅撰集の編纂に当たり、藤原伊尹が別当となってそれを統括した旨、史書に見えるので、遅くとも天暦末年には奏覧されたと見られる。例文帳に追加

However, it seems to have been presented by 957, because a chronicle shows that the poetry bureau was established at Shoyosha (Nashitsubo, Ladies' Quarters) in the court in November 951 and that the five officers in Nashitsubo, MINAMOTO Shitago, ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu, KIYOHARA no Motosuke, SAKANOUE no Mochiki, and KI no Tokibumi, carried out works deciphering the text of the "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and compiling a new imperial collection of waka, and that, as the head of the poetry bureau, FUJIWARA no Koretada directed the compilation.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

このように現在の源氏物語の本文研究の学問的水準から考えると問題も多く、批判されることもしばしばある校本ではあるが、歴史上初めて完成した学術的な源氏物語の校本でありながら、21世紀に入っても通常の研究に利用しうる源氏物語の校本としては最も整ったものである。例文帳に追加

As mentioned above, there are many problems from the view of an academic level of the present text study of The Tale of Genji, and the variorum is often criticized, but it was the best organized variorum among those of The Tale of Genji which can be used for the regular study even in the 21st century, although it was the earliest academic variorum of The Tale of Genji in history.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

画面の景観年代は必ずしも制作年代に直結せず、粉本をもとに描いた可能性があること、画面に捺される「州信」の朱文円廓内壺形印は、永徳所用印のうちもっとも信頼度の高いものであること等により、美術史家たちは本作を永徳の真筆とみなしている。例文帳に追加

Because the age of the scenery in the picture is not necessarily connected directly to the age of completion, and there is a possibility that the picture was painted based on drafts, and the seal 'Kuninobu,' the Shubun Enkaku nai Tsubogata In (pot-shaped seal in a round frame with shunbun style (shunbun means seals carved around the characters, leaving red characters on the paper with white background)), which is put on the picture is of the highest credibility among seals Eitoku held, the art historians now regard it is the genuine Eitoku's.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

しかし日本国外の日本食レストランで提供される料理には、歴史がある伝統的な日本料理ばかりでなく、鉄板焼き、照り焼き、カレーライス、カツ丼、ラーメンから、カリフォルニアロールを始めとするアメリカ式巻物類にいたるまで、比較的近年になって日本以外の食文化と融合して出来た料理も含まれる。例文帳に追加

However, Japanese restaurants overseas serve not only Japanese dishes with tradition and history, but also relatively new dishes ranging from teppanyaki (foods grilled on an iron plate), teriyaki (grilling with soy sauce and sugar), curry and rice, pork cutlet on rice and ramen (Chinese soup noodle) to American-style sushi roll like California roll, which were created by mixing various ideas extracted from the foods culture of Japan and others.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

ただし、御会始そのものは室町時代に中絶しており、『晴和歌御会作法故実』（著者不明であるが、霊元上皇書写の国立歴史民俗博物館所蔵本がある）という書物によれば、後円融天皇の永和(日本)年間の和歌御会始を模範として後柏原天皇が明応10年（文亀元年/1501年）正月の月次歌会を独立した儀式として執り行ったことが記されている。例文帳に追加

Although Gokaihajime itself ceased to be held in the Muromachi period, Emperor Gokashiwabara held a monthly poetry reading as an independent ceremony on New Year's Day in 1501 on the model of waka gokaihajime during the Eiwa era of the Emperor Goenyu's reign, according to "seiwa utagokai saho kojitsu" (Ancient Practices of New Year Imperial Poetry Reading Party Manner.) (Its author is unknown, but a copy of the book hand written by the Retired Emperor Reigen is possessed by National Museum of Japanese History.)  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

本来は顕官の1つとして史_(律令制)とともに儒学・文筆に優れた下級官人が任じられて昇進への足がかりとする役職であったが、鎌倉時代以後には明経道の家柄であった舟橋家（清原氏）・押小路家（中原氏）両家の世襲となり、また従来は公卿が任じられていた穀倉院別当に任命されるものもいた。例文帳に追加

Like Shi, Geki was originally a high ranking post to serve as a stepping-stone toward higher posts for low ranking officials who excelled at Confucianism and writing; but after the Kamakura period, the post was inherited by the Funabashi family (Kiyohara clan) and the Oshikoji family (Nakahara clan), both of which were families that had produced Myogyodo scholars for generations, and some members were appointed to Kokusoin betto which had been traditionally held by the nobles.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、記紀の史料批判により、継体天皇以前の編年は到底正しいとは言えず、このころの王家内部では文字による記録が常時取られていたとは考えがたいことから、記紀に伝えられた干支や系譜を元に倭の五王を推定するという試み自体をあまり意味がないとする意見も根強い。例文帳に追加

In agreement with the criticism on "Kiki"'s credibility as historical material and from the fact that the chronology before Emperor Keitai is far from truth, and that it is hard to believe that the Imperial family kept written records on a steady basis, some people strongly deny the meaning of the attempt to presume the five kings of Wa from the Oriental zodiac and the genealogy in "Kiki".  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

生涯苦心致され候中にも、古史伝は最初文化の末頃より草稿取り掛かり、文政の始め頃に、成文一二巻程は、ざっと稿本成り候ところ、段々見識博くあいなり、殊に故鈴屋大人の御遺教をも相伺れ候て、いよいよ以って、世界悉く我が皇大神達の御鎔造（ツクリカタメ）なされたる事を感得致され候に付、古史伝は先ず差し置き、赤縣州を始め、印度及び西洋の古伝をも悉く皆探索網羅して、其の上にて、充分に古史の註解をと存し込まれ候て、文政の半ば頃より、専ら外国の学に困苦致され、凡そ廿余年も歳月を過ごされ候て、赤縣太古傳を初め、即ち今此れある丈の著述は出来候へ共、中々もって先人の心底に叶ひ候事には此れ無く候へ共、大抵は見当も付き候に依っては、私を始め門人の中の所存にも、段々時節後れ、先人も老年に成られ候に付き、先ず先ず外国の所は大抵にして差し置かれ、古史伝の清撰をしきりて、相願い催促致し候て、天保10年頃より、漸々と其の方にも趣かれ候所、言語規則の書之無きに付き、余儀なく五十音義の撰にかかり、凡そ一ヵ年ほど打ち過ぎられ候所、旧幕府の命に依って秋田へ放逐、尤も同所は本国の事、親族共も少なからず、第一旧君侯より厚く恩遇も之有りて会計の辛苦は薄らぎ候へ共、著述致す可き遑なく、此処両三年心配致され候内に病を発し入幽致され候次第にて残念至極にて御座候。例文帳に追加

Our teacher dedicated his life to the study requiring great pains; as to "Koshi-den", at the end of the Bunka era (1804-1818), he began to write the draft, and by the early Bunsei era (1818-1830), about 12 volumes had been completed; however, by that time, he had also gradually gained an insight into the study and understood the teachings of the master of Suzunoya (Norinaga MOTOORI), then he realized that this world was the product of our great gods of Japan, so he decided to suspend "Koshi-den" temporarily, and first explore and read through all the past annotations of the histories of our country as well as those of India and Europe to use new knowledge to his advantage in writing "Koshi-den"; therefore, since the middle of the Bunsei era, he intensly studied foreign literature and culture mainly, and during a period of over 20 years, he completed almost all his works, which he left for us, including "Sekiken Taiko-den" (Japanese Early History); although he was never satisfied with his works, his students, of course, including myself, with a feeling of gratitude, thought that our master had succeeded in completing most his researches and studies, and were concerned about the delay in completing "Koshi-den" and because of our master's age, we repeatedly begged him to restart the writing, then thankfully at about the 10th year of the Tenpo era (1839), he restarted; however, he was requested to write on linguistic methods so he began to write "Goju Ongi" (Pronunciation and Meaning of 50 Kana) and suspended "Koshi-den" again; after a year, he was banished to Akita Province by order of the former bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), fortunately since Akita was his hometown and there were many relatives of his, besides the former load treated him very kindly, they relieved him off poor living, although under those conditions, he had no time to finish the remaining works; he was always concerned about those unfinished works, and after only a few years, he became sick and regrettably died.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

篤胤は若い頃より、この世界が幽顕一如で構成されていると考え、その本質をなんとか解明する事が出来ないものかと常日頃から思案し「霊能真柱」「古史成文」「仙境異聞」「古今妖魅考」他数多の本の中に次々に書き表して証明しようとした。例文帳に追加

Since he was young, Atsutane HIRATA had been thinking that the Dark ('幽' hidden or mysterious things) and the Light ('顕' appeared or clear things) were the one and the same, and that this world was formed by the working of those opposing factors; Atsutane wanted to analyze the true nature of the world and tried to demonstrate his ideas in many works including 'Tama no Mihashira' (Concept of Afterlife), 'Koshi Seibun' (Early History), 'Senkyo Ibun' (Another Story of Unworldly Men's World) and 'Kokon Yomi-ko' (Studies on Mysterious Things of Ancient and Modern Japan).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その鴎外は、上記のとおり東京美術学校（現東京藝術大学）の嘱託教員（美術解剖学・審美学・西洋美術史）をはじめ、慶應義塾大学の審美学講師、「初期文展」西洋画部門などの審査員、帝室博物館総長や日本芸術院初代院長などをつとめた。例文帳に追加

Starting as a part-time professor (of artistic anatomy, aesthetics and western art history) at Tokyo School of Fine Arts (present Tokyo University of the Arts), Ogai also served as an instructor of aesthetics at Keio University, an examiner of the western painting department of 'the 1st Bunten exhibition,' the director general of Imperial Museum, the 1st director of The Japan Art Academy and so on.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

1589年に死去、享年97となるが、（これは北条五代記の記述によるもので、現在の研究では妙法寺記などの同時代の一級史料や手紙などの古文書などと多くの矛盾が見られることから、その信頼性に疑問が持たれており、黒田基樹は幻庵の生年を永正年間と推定している。これが事実とすれば享年は１０年以上若くなる）一説に1501年生まれという説がある。例文帳に追加

He died in 1589 at the age of 97, (it is based on the Hojo Godai Ki [Chronicles of the Hojo family through five generations], however, current studied suggest it has many discrepancy between contemporary first class historical materials such as the Myoho-ji Ki [Chronicles of the Myoho-ji Temple] or ancient documents such as old letters, making its credibility doubtful, and Motoki KURODA dated Genan's birth during the Eisho era [1504-1521]. If it is true, his age of death was 10 years younger) one theory has it he was born in 1501.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

日本最初の医学雑誌『泰西名医彙講』をはじめ、『外科必読』・『産科簡明』・『和蘭文典』・『八紘通誌』・『水蒸船説略』・『西征紀行』など阮甫の訳述書は99部160冊余りが確認されており、その分野は医学・語学・西洋史・兵学・宗教学と広範囲にわたる。例文帳に追加

It is confirmed that Genpo translated 99 titles (nearly 160 volumes in total) including "Taisei Meii Iko" (literary, Western medicine), the first medical journal in Japan, "Geka Hitsudoku" (literary, essentials for surgery), "Sanka Kanmei" (literary, a brief explanation about obstetrics), "Oranda Bunten" (literary, grammar of Dutch language), "Hakko Tsushi" (literary, the overview of world history), "Suijosen Setsuryaku" (literary, a brief explanation about steamboat), "Seisei Kiko" (literary, records on the Western world) and his specialty ranged from medical science, language, history of the Western world, to military science and philosophy of religion.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

なお、小説家の井沢元彦は逆説の日本史において、古代の日本は中国文明の影響によって、子孫の祭祀の絶えた者が怨霊となるとして、これを「プレ怨霊信仰」と呼び、それが長屋王と藤原四子の事件により「冤罪で死んだ者が怨霊となる」という「日本的怨霊信仰」へと変化したと提唱している。例文帳に追加

Additionally, Motohiko IZAWA, a novelist who wrote "Gyakusetu no nihonnshi" ("Japanese History in Paradox"), says in his book that ancient Japanese, under the influence of Chinese Civilization, believed that spirits totally neglected by their decendents would become onryo, which he defines as "the stage before goryo shinko", and that due to the incident of Prince Nagaya and the four Fujiwara sons, the stage developed into a typical Japanese onryo shinko whereby the departed soul of a man who died because of a false charge would become an onryo.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

歴史学・日本文学の分野からの研究では、伊勢神宮外宮の神職であった度会氏が、外宮を内宮（祭神・天照大神）と同等以上の存在として格上げすることを目的に、祭神であるトヨウケビメを天之御中主神および国之常立神と同一神とすることで、天照大神をしのぐ普遍的神格であることを主張するために執筆されたと推定されている。例文帳に追加

In the study of history and Japanese literature, it is assumed that the Watarai clan, the Shinto priests of the outer Ise-jingu Shrine, wrote the books so as to raise the status of the outer shrine up to or higher than the Naiku (inner shrine - enshrined deity: Amaterasu Omikami, the Sun Goddess), insisting that its enshrined deity Toyoukebime was equivalent to Ame no Minakanushi no Kami (one of the gods in Japanese mythology) and Kuninotokotachi no mikoto and was the universal godhead superior to Amaterasu Omikami.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

奈良時代に藤原鎌足以下3代の伝記を記した『家伝』や『聖徳太子伝暦』が著され、平安時代に入ると、都良香（正史『日本文徳天皇実録』の編者）の『道場法師伝』、三善清行の『藤原保則伝』・『円珍和尚伝』、紀長谷雄の『恒貞親王伝』などが著された。例文帳に追加

In the Nara period, the biography of the FUJIWARA three generations began with FUJIWARA no Kamatari, "Kaden" (Family history) and "Shotokutaishi Denryaku" (Biography of Shotokutaishi) were written, and in the Heian period MIYAKO no Yoshika (the compiler of an authentic history "Nihon Montoku Tenno Jitsuroku" [Fifth of the six official national history books]) wrote "Dojo Hoshi Den" (Biography of Dojohoshi), Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI wrote "FUJIWARA no Yasunori den" (Biography of FUJIWARA no Yasunori) and "Enchin Osho Den" (Biography of Enchin), and KI no Haseo wrote "Tsunesada Shinno Den" (Biography of Imperial Prince Tsunesada).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

大学寮が設置された当初、一般官人を育てる本科（明経道）と技術官人を育てる算道しか事実上存在していなかったが、神亀年間に律令を教える律学博士（後の明法博士）と歴史を教える文章博士が明経道から分離する形で成立し、やがて天平年間に独立した学科となり、後の明法道・紀伝道へと発展することとなる。例文帳に追加

In the early days of the Daigaku-ryo, the regular course (Myogyodo) for the education of general government officials and Sando, for the education of technical government officials, were virtually the only ones in existence, but somewhere between 724 and 729, Ritsugaku hakase (later Myoho hakase) (professor of law, for the teaching of the Ritsuryo Code) and Monjo hakase (professor of literature. for the teaching of history) were established by separating from Myogyodo, subsequently becoming independent departments between 729 and 748; they would later evolve into Myobodo (study of Code) and Kidendo (study of the histories).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その後、光圀は父徳川頼房の死去により家督を相続し、公務が多忙となったため事業からは遠ざかっていたが、幕府では寛文2年（1662年）に林鵞峰に命じて編年体の史書『本朝通鑑』の編纂を開始しており、光圀は林鵞峰を藩邸に招いて面談し、編纂方針や正統問題について質問している。例文帳に追加

Then, Mitsukuni succeeded to the family after his father, TOKUGAWA Yorifusa, died and became busy with official duties, so that he stayed away from the enterprise, but the government ordered HAYASHI Gaho to compile a chronicle of Japan, "Honchotsukan" and Mitsukuni asked HAYASHI Gaho about compiling policy and legitimacy, in person.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

日本美術史（にほんびじゅつし）とは、日本の美術の流れ、様式の変遷、各時代の代表的な作品や作家の研究、相互の影響関係、作品や作家を生んだ時代背景（政治、経済、信仰、風俗、社会、文学などとの関連）などについて述べたもの、またはそうした分野を研究する学問のこと。例文帳に追加

"Nihon bijutsu-shi" refers to the chronological explanation - or the academic field - of Japanese art history, such as the trend of Japanese art, the transition of its style, the research of the representative works and artists in each period, their mutual influence, and the historical background of the works and artists - that is, the works' and artists' relation with Japanese politics, economy, religion, customs, society, literature and others.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

1974年の調停で、鉱毒問題については「終止符が打たれた」（『創業100年史』より）と述べているが、古河鉱業がカドミウム汚染に関する責任を認めていないことについての言及はない（1976年に結ばれた公害防止協定への言及もないが、協定成立年とこの文献の発行年が同年であることから、編集に間に合わなかったという可能性もある）。例文帳に追加

It says that in the 1974 arbitration, the mining pollution issues were 'ended' (from "History of 100 Years of Business from Foundation") and yet, it is not mentioned that Furukawa Mining had not admitted their responsibility for contamination by cadmium (it does not mention the Agreement of Pollution Control made in 1976 either, however this literature was published in the same year as the agreement was made, and they might not have been able to include it in the editing process.)  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

東日本と西日本の文化の差異を強調して、それぞれ別個の民族であるとする見解が民俗学者の宮本常一や歴史学者の網野善彦などから出されているが、少なくとも近代においては、東日本と西日本の住民が異民族であるという感覚はほとんど存在しないので、一般的な見解であるとは言えない。例文帳に追加

The opinion was put forth by folklorist Tsuneichi MIYAMOTO and historian Yoshihiko AMINO that the races of eastern Japan and of western Japan are different, emphasizing cultural contrasts; however, this is not the conventional opinion because the people of the two regions are rarely thought to be different races in the modern age.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

平安時代には、『日本後紀』の弘仁3年（812年）6月条に大輪田泊修築のことが記されるのをはじめ、造大輪田船瀬使がおかれ、防風と防波を兼ねて石の堤（石椋）を築くなど、たえず修築がおこなわれ、その経費を充当するため勝載料もしくは船瀬庄田稲を徴収していたことのあったことが各種の文献資料(歴史学)で確認されている。例文帳に追加

During the Heian period, as the reconstruction of Owada no tomari is described in the June 812 chapter in "Nihonkoki" (Later Chronicle of Japan), Zo Owada funaseshi was set up and the reconstruction work was always done like building stone dikes (iwakura) for storm and wave prevention and so on and to cover the cost, shosairyo (custom duty for freight) or funaseshodento was levied, which is confirmed in various documents (historical study).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

特にその中でも大功は永久的な私有を認めた文字通りの例外中の例外といって良く、歴史上確認できるのは、藤原鎌足（645年）・恵美押勝（758年）・平清盛（1167年）・源頼朝（1190年）の4人だけ（いずれも100町）であると見られている（しかも、押勝と清盛は本人又は子孫が謀叛を起こしたとして収公されている）。例文帳に追加

In particular, getting Daiko class (granting of permanent inheritence of rice fields) was an exceptional case and only four persons have been recognized as Daiko in history: FUJIWARA no Kamatari (645), EMI no Oshikatsu (758), TAIRA no Kiyomori (1167), and MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (1190), each person being granted 991,740 square meters of land (Koden was confiscated from Oshikatsu and Kiyomori for the reason that they or their descendants had rebelled against the government).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、『続日本後紀』承和(日本)13年11月14日(旧暦)（壬子/846年12月6日）条に引載されたいわゆる「善愷事件」（弁官伴善男が、弁官局で長年行われてきた慣例上の行政処理を僧尼令違反であるとして同僚弁官5名全員を告発した事件）における大判事讃岐永直・明法博士御輔長道・左大史川枯勝成による3通の勘文が知られている。例文帳に追加

Three kanmon written by daihanji (judge) SANUKI no Naganao, Myobo hakase 御輔長道 and Sadaishi (senior recorder of the left) 川枯勝成 in the so-called 'Zengai Jiken'(described in the article of December 6, 846 of "Shoku Nihon Koki" (Later Chronicle of Japan Continued)), in which benkan Yoshio TOMONO accused all of his five fellow benkan of violating Soni ryo (Regulations for Monks and Nuns) in their customary public administration which had been implemented for many years, are well known.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これを明法家によって名例律の拡大解釈が行われて現実に適合させたと捉えるか、単に明法道の衰退と家学化による学術水準の低下や律令法自体の弛緩によって条文本来の意味が忘れられて矛盾が見過ごされてしまったのか、歴史学者の間でも見解が分かれている。例文帳に追加

Historians are divided over whether to think such inconsistencies were due to lawyers stretching the interpretation of Meirei-ritsu to adapt it to the reality or to simply think that the decline of the study of codes and advance in hereditary learning led to lowering academic standards and loosening of the ritsuryo law itself, resulting in a situation where the original meaning of the Article was left behind and the inconsistencies were overlooked.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

近代デジタルライブラリーは、公開範囲は著作権の保護期間が満了していることが確認される資料や著作権者の許諾が得られた資料に限られるものの、インターネットを通じて明治・大正時代の出版物をいつでもどこからでも見ることができ、その文化的、歴史的な資料価値は極めて高いとされている。例文帳に追加

The Digital Library from the Meiji Era makes it possible for anyone, at any time or place, to access the digitized contents of materials published during the Meiji/Taisho period; thus its cultural and historical value as materials is deemed extremely high, although its scope is limited to the materials for which the copyright protection period can be confirmed as having expired, or materials with the approval of a copyright holder.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また文禄・慶長の役で南岸域を中心に日本軍が造った城も多く存在し、それらは倭城と呼ばれているが、近年の韓国の経済発展に伴う各種造成工事でその少なからぬものが根強い反日感情もあって重要な史跡とみなされることなく毀損されているという現状がある。例文帳に追加

There were many castles built by Japanese forces in the southern region during the Bunroku-Keicho War, but they are known as wagon (Japanese-style castles), due to the considerable economic development in recent years in South Korea, many of these wagon have been destroyed despite being important historical sites, due to the strong anti-Japanese sentiment.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

庵戸宮の「庵(廬)」とは、風流人など浮世離れした者や僧侶が執務に用いる質素な佇まいの小屋である庵室を指したり、あるいは軍隊を管理する陣営を指す（歴史辞書『和名類聚抄』）ことから、文字通り政権の統括者である孝霊天皇が暮らした住まいに由来するものといわれている。例文帳に追加

Io' of Ioto no miya refers to "Anshitsu," i.e. a humble cabin, which a person who lives a life aloof from the affairs of the world such as a person of refined taste, or a priest uses at work, or refers to a camp for controlling the army (adapted from "Wamyoruiju-sho" [famous Heian-period Japanese dictionary]), so that Ioto no miya is believed to be derived from the residence of Emperor Korei who was literally the governor of the government.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

インターネットのホームページに注文する手段と、出張サービスで録音取材する手段と、この録音に基づいてパソコンに音声吹き替え手段と、リライトをインターネット端末に依頼する手段と、校正をインターネット端末に依頼する手段と、初稿等をインターネット端末に依頼する手段と、を備えた人物史制作方法である。例文帳に追加

The character history production method is provided with a means giving an order to the home page of the Internet, a means performing recording/interviewing by visiting service, a means dubbing sound in a personal computer based on recording, a means requesting rewriting from an Internet terminal, a means requesting proofreading from the Internet terminal and a means requesting an initial draft from the Internet terminal. - 特許庁

個別の商品での差別化、高付加価値化は難しくとも、地域の歴史・文化、伝統的生活様式、自然と、地域特有の商品・サービスを総合的に組み合わせ、他の地域にない魅力の発信を図ることは、我が国の地域資源の本物の価値を顕在化し、国際市場での高い評価を受けるために有効である。例文帳に追加

As it is difficult to differentiate products and increase their added value independently item by item, efforts should be taken to comprehensively combine local history/culture, traditional lifestyle or nature and goods or services specific to the region, so as to emphasize the uniqueness of the region. This is effective in that it reveals the intrinsic value of Japanese regional resources and raises their profile in international markets. - 経済産業省

このため、我々は規定の明確な読みと立法の歴史の双方に基づいて、採掘を行っている発行人が採掘以外に直接的に、または採掘契約を通じてのいずれかで製造に従事しているのでない限り、最終規則のもとで採掘を行う発行人を製造企業である発行人に含めることは、紛争鉱物法律規定の文言に矛盾するであろうことを納得している。例文帳に追加

Therefore, based on both the plain reading of the provision and the legislative history of the provision, we are persuaded that it would be inconsistent with the language in the Conflict Minerals Statutory Provision to include mining issuers as manufacturing issuers under the final rule unless the mining issuer engages in manufacturing, either directly or through contract, in addition to mining. - 経済産業省

機能や価格だけでなく、作り手のこだわりや歴史や文化など、ユーザーの感性に訴え感動や共感を呼び起こす商品を作る事を提唱するとともに、我が国の「感性」というコンセプトを海外に発信するイベントとして、2008年12 月にパリで「kansei-Japan Design Exhibition」を開催したところであり、2009 年5 月にはニューヨークでも同展示会を開催する予定である。例文帳に追加

METI held the Kansei-Japan Design Exhibition in Paris in December2008 aiming to advocate the production of goods with values, refined skills of producers as well as history and culture that would appeal to the sense of users, intrigue them and arouse their emotions in addition to conventional values such as functionality and price. A similar exhibition is scheduled to beheld in New York in May 2009. - 経済産業省

明治に入り、これを記したフィリップ・フランツ・フォン・シーボルトの著書『日本』を留学先のロンドンで読んだ末松謙澄は、当時中国の属国としか見られていなかった日本の自己主張のために、ケンブリッジ大学の卒業論文で「大征服者成吉思汗は日本の英雄源義経と同一人物なり」という論文を書き、『義経再興記』（明治史学会雑誌）として日本で和訳出版されブームとなる。例文帳に追加

During the Meiji period, Kencho SUEMATSU, a student studying in London read this in the book "Nihon" (Japan) of Philipp Franz von Siebold, and wrote his graduation thesis at Cambridge University titled 'The great conqueror Genghis Khan and Japanese hero MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune are the same person,' with the purpose of claiming the presence of Japan, because at that time Japan was seen as a mere tributary state of China, and this article was also published in Japanese under the title of "Yoshitsune Saikoki" (the rebirth story of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune) (Meiji Shigakukai Zasshi (completion of Japanese history records)), and the book created a boom.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この論議に当たりましては、会計基準が単なる会計の技術論だけでなく、我が国における歴史、経済文化、まさにイギリスのように産業革命を最初から興した国なのか、あるいは日本のように150年ぐらい前にペリーが来て以来、国家が主導的に富国強兵・殖産興業ということで、非常に国が主導してきた開発型の資本主義が、今アジアにはたくさんございますが、そういった違いが経済文化にもございますし、風土を踏まえた企業のあり方や会社法、特にこれは会社法と税制です。例文帳に追加

As the minister in charge, I hope that the discussion pays due attention to the fact that the “accounting standards” are not merely technical issues, but much broader issues highly relevant to the status of Japanese firms based on the country’s history, business culture, and national heritage- there are differences in economic culture between countries like the United Kingdom, which started the Industrial Revolution from scratch, and countries like Japan, which adopted development-oriented capitalism, as often seen in Asia, led by the government in order to strengthen its military power and develop industries after Commodore Perry arrived in Japan around 150 years ago - as well as related legal systems including the Companies Act and the tax system, and Japanese firms’ global competitiveness.  - 金融庁

商標法第11条に基づく調査は，次について行う。国又は政府間機関の紋章，旗章又はその他の記章，公式名称の全体又は略称，ブルガリアの公的な又は国際的に公的な管理及び保証のための標識及び証印，文化省が保管するブルガリア共和国の歴史的及び文化的記念碑の一覧及びカタログ，世界保健機関が保管する医薬物質の推奨自由名称，語彙集，百科事典その他の参考書。例文帳に追加

Search under Art. 11 of the Law on Marks and Geographical Indications shall be conducted on the basis of: coats of arms, flags or other emblems, full or abbreviated official names of States or intergovernmental organizations; official Bulgarian or international control and warranty signs and stamps; list and catalogue kept by the Ministry of Culture of historical and cultural monuments of the Republic of Bulgaria; lists kept by the World Health Organization of the recommended free names of pharmaceutical substances; vocabularies, encyclopaedia and other reference books.  - 特許庁

このように形作られてきた中心市街地は、単に商業機能が集中しているのみならず、人々の生活や文化的活動の中心であり、これまでの長い歴史の中で、文化、伝統を育んできた「街の顔」というべき存在となってきたが、近年、モータリゼーションの進展に伴い、郊外の居住者の増加、病院や学校、役所などの公共施設の郊外への移転など人々の活動の場が郊外へ拡散し、中心市街地の空洞化が進んでいる。例文帳に追加

Central urban areas formed in this way do not simply bring together commercial functions. They also form the core of people's lives and cultural activities, and their role as centers of culture and tradition accumulated over many years make them in a sense the "faces" of their towns and cities. With the growth of motorization in recent years, however, the field of people's activities has spread to the suburbs. - 経済産業省

日蓮本門宗時代は管長は八本山からの輪番制となったが、大石寺本末・中末の独立が公許されこれより独立し、1900年（明治33年）に日蓮宗富士派と公称し、1912年（明治45年）に日蓮正宗と改称し現在に至るが、法華経正宗分の意味合いからであろうか少なくとも江戸時代中期には自宗派を正宗と呼ぶことがあったことが、金沢郷土史の文献（「正宗の題目」とある）から分かる。例文帳に追加

While the position of the chief abbot became in rotation from Hachihonzan in the period as Nichiren Honmon Sect, it broke away from the sect under the official allowance of the branch temples of Taiseki-ji Temple to be independent, and called themselves Fuji School of Nichiren Sect in 1900, then renamed Nichiren Shoshu Sect in 1912 up to the present, however, it was apparent that they called themselves Shoshu Sect, which supposably meant shoshubun (the main part) of Hoke-kyo (Lotus Sutra), until at least the middle of the Edo period, according to the book of Kanazawa local history (it has 'Shoshu no Daimoku' (Chant of Shoshu)).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

大日本帝国陸軍参謀であった石原莞爾は、「人類が心から現人神（あらひとがみ）の信仰に悟入したところに、王道文明は初めてその真価を発揮する。最終戦争即ち王道・覇道の決勝戦は結局、天皇を信仰するものと然らざるものの決勝戦であり、具体的には天皇が世界の天皇とならせられるか、西洋の大統領が世界の指導者となるかを決定するところの、人類歴史の中で空前絶後の大事件である。」と主張した。例文帳に追加

The general officer of the Imperial Japanese Army, Kanji ISHIWARA said 'Where all the human beings believe in the Arahitogami, the civilization of the rule of Right shows its real value for the first time. The last war, the final match between the rule of right and the rule of might is in fact a match between people who believe in the Emperor and people who don't. So the war is to decide if the Emperor becomes the Emperor of the world or the Western President becomes the leader of the world. This is the biggest event of all time in our history.'  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

そのひとつは、網野善彦の1969年「若狭国における荘園制の形成」や石井進(歴史学者)の1970年「院政時代」、1978年の「相武の武士団」（『鎌倉武士の実像』に収録）における「太田文」の詳細な研究から、荘園がもっとも盛んに立荘された時期は、12世紀中葉以降の鳥羽天皇・後白河天皇院政期であり、更にその大規模荘園の乱立が完了した13世紀においてさえも、荘園領と国衙領は地方により相違はあるものの、平均すれば6対4とほぼ半々であることが明らかになった。例文帳に追加

Firstly, following detailed research that appeared in Yoshihiko AMINO's "Wakasa no kuni ni okeru shoensei no keisei" (The formation of the manor system in Wakasa Province) (1969), Susumu ISHII's "Insei jidai" (The Age of Cloistered Emperors) (1970) and "Oota Fumi" (The letters of Oota) in "Sobu no bushidan" (Bushi groups of the Sobu region), which appears in "Kamakura bushi no jitsuzo" (The Real Face of Kamakura Warriors) (1978), it became clear that most manors were established after the mid-12th century, during the reigns of the Cloistered Emperors Toba and Gotoba, and that by the time this large-scale expansion stopped in the 13th century, the ratio of shoen to national land was on average of six to four, or about even.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、日本では、一在野の史家の論ではあるが、「黒歯国」は当時の朝鮮や中国などでは日本の異称として知られていたことから、倭国（日本）に派遣されて、長期滞在（日本書紀などに見られる百済の王族などの人質などを想定）し、それらの王族が帰国後、倭国の文化であった歯を黒く染める風習（お歯黒）を百済に持ち込んだために、百済の人々から「黒歯」氏とよばれ、それが定着したとする論もある。例文帳に追加

In Japan, some amateur historians speculate that, since the 'Kokushi-koku' was known as another name of Japan in Korea and China at that time, the Baekje royal family members were sent to Wakoku (Japan) and stayed there for a long time (assuming that the hostages that appeared in the Nihonshoki [Chronicles of Japan] included these Baekje royal family members), and as these royal family members brought back a Japanese habit of painting one's teeth black, Baekje people called them the Kokushi (literally, "black-teeth") family, which gradually became a widely-used name in the country.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

このほか、国立国会図書館が所蔵する資料のうち歴史的な貴重書や浮世絵の画像を公開する「貴重書画像データベース」、国立国会図書館の所蔵する明治期に出版された資料をスキャニングした画像を提供する「近代デジタルライブラリー」、インターネット上の情報を文化資産として保存することを目的とする「WARP（インターネット情報選択的蓄積事業）」（旧称インターネット資源選択的蓄積実験事業）など、様々な電子図書館コンテンツが公開されている。例文帳に追加

Other than the above, various kinds of digital library content have been made available to the public, including the 'Rare Books Image Database,' which reveals rare historical book and image data of Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) among the materials housed in the NDL; the 'Digital Library from the Meiji Era,' which provides scanned image data of the NDL's materials published during the Meiji period; and 'WARP' (Web Archiving Project) (project of selective accumulation of Internet-based information; formerly an experimental project of selective accumulation of Internet-based information), etc.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス