「ひの江」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(80ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

代表的なコレクションとして、帝国図書館から引き継いだ旧藩校蔵書、江戸幕府引継書類、本草学関連の古書からなる伊藤文庫・白井文庫や、戦後の国会図書館が議会のための図書館であるという性格から重点的に受け入れた近代政治史関連史資料からなる憲政資料、国内外の議会・法令関係資料、支部上野図書館で旧蔵していたバレエ・シャンソン関連資料の蘆原英了コレクション、出版文化史資料を中心とする布川文庫（布川角左衛門旧蔵書）などがある。例文帳に追加

Major collections include the following: stock of the old Han schools (schools of the feudal domains) and the Tokugawa Shogunate Succession Documents that were inherited from the former Imperial Library; the Ito Bunko (Ito collection) and the Shirai Bunko (Shirai collection), consisting of old books on herbalism; the Modern Political and Constitutional History, comprising materials on the modern political history, which were collected as a high priority considering the nature of a post-war national library as a facility for the Diet; the collection of official gazettes and statutes of Japan and foreign countries; the Ashihara Eiryo Collection, a collection of materials related to ballet and chanson inherited from the Ueno Branch Library; and the Nunokawa Bunko (Nunokawa collection) (the collection formerly possessed by Kakuzaemon NUNOKAWA), which concentrated on materials related to the history of publications and culture.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

邪馬台国九州説を発展させ、大宰府（太宰府）を首都とする九州王朝が成立したが、663年（天智元年）「白村江の戦い」の敗北をきっかけとしてヤマト王権により滅亡させられたとする古田武彦が唱えた九州王朝説の所論によれば、大化の改新として仮託された事件により後の天智天皇・天武天皇が権力奪取する以前の記紀の神代神話と皇統譜や事跡の記述の多くは九州王朝からの剽窃による創作であり、それまでのヤマト王権は統一王朝ではなかったとする。例文帳に追加

Developing the Yamatai-koku Kingdom in Kyushu, by the Kyushu Dynasty Theory advocated by Takehiko FURUTA that the Kyushu Dynasty was established with the capital Dazaifu but was destroyed by the Yamato Administration triggered by the lost in 'Battle of Hakusukinoe' (Battle of Baekgang) in 663, most of the immemorial myth, the genealogy and the achievements of the Imperial Family in Kojiki and Nihon Shoki before later Emperor Tenchi and Emperor Tenmu seized the political power through the incident called Taika Reforms were fiction by plagiarism from the Kyushu Dynasty and until then, the Yamato Administration was not a unified dynasty.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

3 月31 日の日仏首脳会談や4 月21 日の日豪首脳会談では菅総理大臣から今般の東日本大震災とその後の状況につき直接説明が行われたほか、4 月24 日の日中韓経済貿易大臣会合、6 月下旬の原子力安全に関するIAEA 閣僚会議においては、海江田経済産業大臣から、また3 月14 日のG8 外相会合、19 日の日中韓外相会議、4 月9 日の日ASEAN 特別外相会議、17 日の日米外相会談においては、松本外務大臣から説明がなされた（第4-3-2-3 図）。例文帳に追加

At a top-level meeting between Japan and France on March 31 and one between Japan and Australia meeting on April 21, Prime Minister Kan explained about the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent situation and an explanation was provided by Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Kaieda at the April 24 Economic Ministers Meeting between Japan, China and South Korea and also at the end of June at the IAEA Cabinet meeting on nuclear energy safety. In addition, an explanation was provided by Foreign Minister Matsumoto at the March14 G8 meeting and at the meeting of Foreign Ministers of Japan, China and South Korea on the19th, at the special meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Japan and ASEAN of April 9, and at the Japan-U.S. Ministers of Foreign Affairs meeting of 17th (Figure 4-3-2-3). - 経済産業省

1630年（寛永7年）に徳川幕府は不受不施派の池上本門寺（東京都）日樹、法華経寺（千葉県）日賢、本土寺（千葉県）日弘、小西檀林（千葉県）日領、円融寺(東京都目黒区)（東京都）日進、中村檀林（千葉県）日充と受不施派の久遠寺（山梨県）日乾、久遠寺（山梨県）日遠、久遠寺（山梨県）日暹、妙光寺（千葉県）日東、妙法華寺（静岡県）日遵、蓮永寺（静岡県）日長を江戸城にて対論（身池対論）させ、日樹、日賢、日弘、日領、日進、日充は流罪となる。例文帳に追加

In 1630, the Tokugawa shogunate ordered the holding of a debate at Edo-jo Castle (Miike tairon) between monks belonging to Fujufuse School, Nichiju of Ikegami Honmon-ji Temple (Tokyo), Nikken of Hokkekyo-ji Temple (Chiba Prefecture), Nikko of Hondo-ji Temple (Chiba Prefecture), Nichiryo of Konishi Danrin (a school annexed to a temple) (Chiba Prefecture), Nisshin of Enyu-ji Temple (Meguro-ku Ward, Tokyo) (Tokyo) and Nichiju of Nakamura Danrin (Chiba Prefecture), and those belonging to Jufuse School, Nikkan of Kuon-ji Temple (Yamanashi Prefecture), Nichien of Kuon-ji Temple (Yamanashi Prefecture), Nissen of Kuon-ji Temple (Yamanashi Prefecture), Nitto of Myoko-ji Temple (Chiba Prefecture), Nichijun of Myohokke-ji Temple and Niccho of Renei-ji Temple (Shizuoka Prefecture), and Nichiju, Nikken, Nikko, Nichiryo, Nisshin and Nichiju were banished.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

1630年（寛永7年）に徳川幕府は不受不施派の池上本門寺（東京都）日樹、法華経寺（千葉県）日賢、本土寺（千葉県）日弘、小西檀林（千葉県）日領、円融寺(東京都目黒区)（東京都）日進、中村檀林（千葉県）日充と受不施派の久遠寺（山梨県）日乾、久遠寺（山梨県）日遠、久遠寺（山梨県）日暹、妙光寺（千葉県）日東、妙法華寺（静岡県）日遵、蓮永寺（静岡県）日長を江戸城にて対論（身池対論）させ、日樹、日賢、日弘、日領、日進、日充は流罪となる。例文帳に追加

In 1630, the Tokugawa shogunate ordered the holding of a debate at Edo-jo Cattle (Miike Tairon (Debate between Ikegami School and Minobu School)) between monks belonging to Fujufuse School, Nichiju of Ikegami Hinmon-ji Temple (Tokyo), Nikken of Hokkekyo-ji Temple (Chiba Prefecture), Nikko of Hondo-ji Temple (Chiba Prefecture), Nichiryo of Konishi Danrin (a school annexed to a temple) (Chiba Prefecture), Nisshin of Enyu-ji Temple (Meguro-ku Ward, Tokyo) (Tokyo) and Nichiju of Nakamura Danrin (Chiba Prefecture), and those belonging to Jufuse School, Nikkan of Kuon-ji Temple (Yamanashi Prefecture), Nichien of Kuon-ji Temple (Yamanashi Prefecture), Nissen of Kuon-ji Temple (Yamanashi Prefecture), Nitto of Myoko-ji Temple (Chiba Prefecture), Nichijun of Myohokke-ji Temple (Shizuoka Prefecture) and Niccho of Renei-ji Temple (Shizuoka Prefecture), and Nichiju, Nikken, Nikko, Nichiryo, Nisshin and Nichiju were banished.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

それでも生き残った数少ない業者も業界の激しい値下げ競争により、生産拠点を人件費が安い海外へ移さざるを得なくなったことがさらに追い討ちをかけ、その業者の一つであったグンゼも2001年9月に福知山から撤退するなど、特産品であった生糸も現在は養蚕農家を市内大江町に一軒だけ残すのみとなり、上述の藍同様にほぼ完全に福知山から姿を消した。例文帳に追加

Due to severe price-cutting wars, the few surviving companies had to shift their production bases to other countries where personnel expenses were lower, which enhanced decline, and with respect to raw silk which was the specialty of Fukuchiyama, only one silk-raising farmer now remains in Oe-machi in the city; this is due to the fact that Gunze, one such company, withdrew from Fukuchiyama in September 2001, leading to the almost complete extinction of raw silk from Fukuchiyama much like the aforementioned case of indigo.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これは新井白石が朝鮮通信使の問題や儀礼問題について基熙の意見を求めたからだとされているが、一方、東山上皇の余りにも突然の急死により霊元上皇の院政再開が確実となったことで、基熙としても朝幕関係の再構築と東山上皇の生前の意向であった新宮家（後の閑院宮）創設問題の早期実現を願う立場から望んでいた江戸下向でもあった。例文帳に追加

The origin of this is considered to be Hakuseki ARAI's seeking Motohiro's advice on Chosen Tsushinshi (the Korean Emissary) and Diplomatic Protocol, but Motohiro went to Edo when the restart of Insei of Retired Emperor Reigen became definite from the sudden death of the Retired Emperor Higashiyama, and tried to reconstruct the relation between the Imperial Court and the bakufu, as well as to solve the establishment problem of Shin miyake (a new imperial family) (later became Kaninnomiya), which had started to formalize while Emperor Higashiyama was alive.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この事件については歴史書『続日本紀』に詳細が書かれ、道鏡の政治的陰謀を阻止した和気清麻呂が「忠臣の鑑」として戦前の歴史教育においてしばしば取り上げられてきたが、既に江戸時代に本居宣長によって一連の神話的な事件の流れに懐疑的な説が唱えられ、近年には『続日本紀』の記事には光仁天皇の即位を正当化するための作為が含まれている（神託には皇位継承については触れられていない）とする説も存在する。例文帳に追加

The details of this incident are described in the history book "Shoku Nihongi"; WAKE no Kiyomaro, who prevented a political conspiracy of Dokyo, was often taken up in history education in Japan before the Word War Ⅱas 'a model of royal subject'; however, during the Edo period Norinaga MOTOORI had already expressed his doubts on the credibility of the series of mythical incidents, and in recent years there exist views which advocate that the articles in "Shoku Nihongi" include artifacts to justify the enthronement of Emperor Konin (the oracle does not touch on the succession to the Imperial Throne).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

夫・忠刻とも夫婦仲睦まじく、翌元和4年（1618年）には長女・勝姫(円盛院)、元和5年（1619年）には長男・幸千代が生まれるが、元和7年（1621年）に幸千代が3歳で没したのを始め、その後は流産を繰り返すなど子宝に恵まれず（これは秀頼の祟りだと言われた）、寛永3年（1626年）には夫・忠刻、姑・熊姫、実母・崇源院が次々と没するなど不幸が続き、本多家を娘・勝姫と共に出て江戸城に入り、出家して天樹院と号す。例文帳に追加

She lived happily with her husband Tadatoki, bearing their eldest daughter Katsuhime (later Enseiin) in 1618 and eldest son Yukichiyo in 1619. However, after Yukichiyo died in 1621 at the age of three, she suffered repeated miscarriages, having difficulty in bearing a child (this was rumored to be the curse of Hideyori). In 1626, she lost her husband Tadatoki, mother-in-law Kumahime and mother Sugenin, one after another. After a series of these unfortunate events, she left the Honda family together with her daughter Katsuhime to go to Edo-jo Castle and later became a Buddhist priest, calling herself Tenjuin.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この頃幕府は武力で勅命を出させ、長州藩主父子の出府、五卿の江戸への差し立て、参勤交代の復活の3事を実現させるために、2老中に4大隊と砲を率いて上京させ、強引に諸藩の宮門警備を幕府軍に交替させようとしていたが、それを拒否する勅書と伝奏が所司代に下され、逆に至急将軍を入洛させるようにとの命が下された。例文帳に追加

At that time, the shogunate ordered an Imperial command by force, to go to the capital of the father and son of the domain of Choshu and to send five nobles to Edo, and sent two councilors to Kyoto with four battalions with guns to realize that revival of three things of Sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo), and they were forced to exchange the security of the Imperial Palace's gates of domain to shogunate army, but Shoshidai (local governor) ordered the bull and Denso (job title referring to one who relays messages of court's people to Emperor) to reject that, instead of that an urgent order sent to the general was urgent.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

上嶋家文書の真偽をめぐって学界では意見がわかれ、概ね否定的見解が主流であったが、後にその記載内容を裏書きする古文書が兵庫県揖保郡揖保川町新在家の豪農であった永富家（元楠木同族会顧問　鹿島建設株式会社会長鹿島守之助の生家）から発見され、この系図は江戸後期の写しであっても、古本を書写したものであることが証明された。例文帳に追加

The credibility of this document has been a controversial issue in the society of Japanese history that majority of them viewed as false; however, an old document that was found in the house of a wealthy farmer, the Nagatomi family (the birthplace of Morinosuke KAJIMA who was the chairman of Kajima Corporation and the former advisor of the Kusunoki family council) in Shinzaike, Ibokawa-cho in Ibo-gun, Hyogo Prefecture and it was revealed that this geneology recorded in this manuscrit during the late Edo Period was actually copied from an old document.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これを受けて改革掛にいた旧幕臣の杉浦譲が「戸籍編成例目」を手直しして四民平等を前面に出した戸籍法案を建議するものの、大木は大江卓の献言を受けて穢多非人の解放の基本方針には賛成するが、生活改善事業と並行して漸進的に行うべきであり、今回の戸籍制定には関連づけないとして、明治4年（1871年）4月4日に穢多非人を先送りにしたままの戸籍法が制定された。例文帳に追加

Responding to this, Jo SUGIURA who was a former retainer of shogun and in charge of revision at Minbusho modified "Koseki hensei rei moku" and made a proposal in which he placed the equality of all people to the front, but OKI, accepting Taku OE's suggestion, reached the conclusion that, although he agreed to the keynote of emancipation of Eta and Hinin, the emancipation had to be progressed gradually along with service of life bettering and was not to be connected with the family register formation this time, hence the Family Registration Law was enacted on April 4, 1871 putting off the issue of Eta and Hinin.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

江戸幕府は貨幣の全国統一を行うべく、三貨制度（小判、丁銀、銭貨）の整備を行ったが、これは既存の貨幣流通すなわち、大坂の商人を中心とする極印銀すなわち秤量銀貨の流通と、庶民の渡来銭の使用に加えて、武田信玄が鋳造させた甲州金の貨幣単位である「両」、「分」、「朱」を踏襲したものであり、家康の尊敬する武将であった信玄の甲州金の四進法の体系を採用したのであった。例文帳に追加

Edo bakufu improved three currency system (Koban, Chogin ［collective term of silver］and coin) to unify the currency of the whole country: it consited of the existing currency circulation; hallmark silver which was a silver-by-weight standard used by mainly merchants in Osaka and Torai-sen (imported currency from China) used among commers, and the currency unit, 'Ryo' 'Bu' and 'Shu', based on quarternary system of Koshu gold which was cast by the order of Shingen TAKEDA whom Ieyasu looked up to.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その他、御三家付家老として1万石以上を領していた紀伊田辺藩安藤家、美濃今尾藩竹腰家、常陸松岡藩中山家、尾張犬山藩成瀬家、紀伊新宮藩水野家の5家、交代寄合のうち維新時に現米1万石以上であった播磨福本池田家、出羽矢島生駒家、大和田原本平野家、常陸志筑本堂家、備中成羽山崎家、但馬村岡山名家の6家、長州藩の支藩とされてきた周防岩国藩吉川氏の計11家も、「江戸時代以前は藩とは見なされなかったが明治以後に華族になった」と見なして男爵を与えられた。例文帳に追加

The following 11 families and the Yoshikawa clan of Suo Iwakuni Domain, who had been raised to the peerage since the Meiji era, received the title of Baron: 5 families who owned more than 10,000 koku of crop yields as the attendant chief retainer of three privileged branches - the Ando family of the Kii Tanabe Domain, the Takenokoshi family of the Mino Imao Domain, the Nakayama family of the Hitachi Matsuoka Domain, the Naruse family of the Owari Inuyama Domain and the Mizuno family of the Kii Shingu Domain, and 6 families of kotaiyoriai, a family status of samurai warriors in the Edo period, who owned more than 10,000 koku of rice during the Meiji Restoration - the Ikeda family of the Harima Fukumoto Domain, the Ikoma family of the Dewa Yashima Domain, the Hirano family of the Yamato Tawaramoto Domain, the Hondo family of the Hitachi Shizuku Domain, the Yamazaki family of the Bitchu Nariwa Domain and the Yamana family of the Tajima Muraoka Domain.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

泰盛与党として罹災したのは泰盛一族の他、小笠原氏、足利氏、伴野氏、伊東氏、武藤氏（少弐氏）、その他は藤原相範、吉良満氏、殖田又太郎（大江泰広）、小早川三郎左衛門、三科蔵人、天野景村、伊賀景家、二階堂行景、（大井）美作三郎左衛門、綱島二郎入道、池上藤内左衛門の尉、行方少二郎、南部孫二郎（政連？）、有坂三郎、鎌田弥藤二左衛門尉、秋山人々など、幕府創設以来の有力御家人層の多くが見られる。例文帳に追加

Victims of this battle among the members of Yasumori's party other than the Yasumori family were the Ogasawara clan, the Ashikaga clan, the Tomono clan, the Ito clan, and the Muto clan (Shoni clan) and many powerful gokenin since the foundation of Kamakura bakufu also suffered, such as Ainori FUJIWARA (藤原相範), Mitsuruuji KIRA, Matataro UETA (Yasuhiro Oe), Saburozaemon KOBAYAKAWA, Kurodo SANKA, Kagemura AMANO, Kageie IGA, Yukiie NIKAIDO, Mimasakasaburozaemon (OI) (美作三郎左衛門), Jironyudo TSUNASHIMA (綱島二郎入道), a lord of Tonaizaemon IKEGAMI (池上藤内左衛門), Shojiro YUKIKATA (行方少二郎), Magojiro (Masatsura?) NANBU, Saburo ARISAKA, Yatonisaemoni KAMATA (鎌田弥藤二左衛門尉), and Hitobito AKIYAMA (秋山人々).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

1870年、広瀬青邨が西園寺の詩文会に招かれたとき同席していた者には、尊攘運動に加わって岩倉具視の知遇をえていた山中静逸、江馬天功の実兄で、池田屋事件で投獄される板倉槐堂（淡海竹洲）、本草学者山本亡羊の子で漢方医だった山本秀五郎（秀夫）や浜崎廉太郎（直全）らがあったほか谷口靄山らも参加していたとされるから、この中にも賓師として迎えられたものがあったと思われる（「青邨公手沢日記」）。例文帳に追加

In 1870, when Seison HIROSE was invited to a poem meeting by Saionji, Aizan TANIGUCHI was also present as well as Seiitsu YAMANAKA who joined movement of Sonno Joi (slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and enjoyed Tomomi IWAKURA's favor, Kaido ITAKURA (Chikushu OMI) who was a real brother of Tenko EMA and would be put in prison for the Ikedaya Incident, Hidegoro (Hideo) YAMAMOTO who was a son of a scholar of herbalism Boyo YAMAMOTO and a Chinese medicine doctor, and Rentaro (Chokuzen) HAMASAKI, so it is considered that some of these were also invited as guest teachers ("Seison-ko Shutaku Nikki" (Cherised Diary of Prince Seison)).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

ちなみに長松清風は、書画においては江戸末期の三筆と言われたり、当時の知識層などが掲載された平安人物誌、西京人物誌にその名が掲載されたり明治天皇の和歌の教師であった高崎正風が清風の詠んだ歌を優れた歌として明治天皇に紹介し、明治天皇から清風の歌を非常に賞賛されていることを知らせる使者が清風の元に使わされており、明治天皇以外にも三条実美などの公家にも清風の短冊を所望する声が多かったという。例文帳に追加

Thanks to the paintings and writings the Sanpitsu (three great calligraphers) of the end of Edo period, his name was published in the Heian Jinbutsushi (Record of Heian Notables) and Saikyo Jinbutsushi (Record of Saikyo (Kyoto) Notables); moreover, Masakaze TAKASAKI introduced a poem by Seifu as a great poem to Emperor Meiji, and the messenger was sent to Seifu stating that the Emperor Meiji greatly praised his song, and even kuge (court noble) such as Sanetomi SANJO (other than Emperor Meiji) desired the tanzaku (a long, narrow card on which Japanese poetry is written vertically) of Seifu.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

従って、江戸時代以前の本末関係は非常に複雑であり、宗派・法流の枠組みの中で本山が末寺の別当などの役職を補任するという後世に続く強い関係を有するものもあれば、末寺の荘園や布施などによる収入の一部を上納させて本山財政に寄与させる経済的つながりを主体とした関係（特に他宗派寺院・神社を末寺とする場合には、従来の宗派を維持する保障として上納を求めた）、全くの形式的なものに留まる関係など様々であった。例文帳に追加

As a result, the relationship between the head temple and matsuji was complicated; there were various relationships that focused on the head temple's finances by making it matsuji in order to contribute a part of its income from shoen (a manor in medieval Japan) and offerings (particularly, it sought donations for temples of different sects and shrines as a matsuji, as insurance to keep its original school and sect), or as a completely systemized relationship.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

弘化元年（1845年）江戸に出て大垣藩用人に武家奉公した後に旗本など奉公先を転々とするが、長崎奉行牧義制の納戸役として嘉永5年（1853年）のオランダ使節来訪問題に対応し、続いて箱館奉行堀利煕の用人としてその樺太・蝦夷地巡回に随行するなど対外問題に遭遇、更にその経験を大阪町奉行鳥居忠善に買われて貿易問題を担当して同家の家老として抜擢された。例文帳に追加

After GO went to Edo (present-day Tokyo) to serve yonin (officer handling domestic economy) of the Ogaki Domain in 1845, he frequently changed the person whom he served including hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu), after which serving as officer in charge of storage room, of the Nagasaki bugyo Gisei MAKI, he handled receiving the visit from the Netherlands envoy in 1853 and later on he took office as yonin for the Hakodate bugyo Toshihiro HORI to attend him on a tour to Sakhalin and Ezochi (inhabited area of Ainu), encountering a variety of foreign issues; moreover, his rich foreign experience was thought highly of by the magistrates of Osaka Town Tadayoshi TORII to be selected for a chief retainer of the Torii family in charge of trade issues.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、即位後もすぐには大和の地にはいらず、北河内や南山城などの地域を転々とし、即位20年目に大和にはいったことから、大和には継体天皇の即位を認めない勢力があって戦闘状態にあったと考える説（直木孝次郎説）や、継体天皇は女系の天皇で、近江の息長氏などは大王家に妃を何度となく入れているが、継体天皇はその大王家の母方といえる息長氏系統の王位継承資格者で、皇位簒奪のような王朝交替はなかったと考える説（平野邦雄説）がある。例文帳に追加

Since the Emperor Keitai entered Yamato not immediately after the enthronement but the 20th year later after moving from place to place such as Kitakawachi or Minami-yamashiro, there are two following theories: One that considers due to a power in Yamato which didn't allow the enthronement of Emperor Keitai, the region was in the combat situation (theory by Kojiro NAOKI) and the other that, since Keitai, the emperor of the maternal side, was a successor to the throne in the linage of the Okinaga clan in Omi, which daughters often married those in the great king family, there was no such change of dynasties as usurpation of imperial throne (theory by Kunio HIRANO).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

江戸期の里山は国家（将軍家や藩）が所有し民間の利用を認めないもの（御建山などと呼ばれる）、土地は民間所有（入会地形態）であっても木材は国家所有で伐採には国家の許可が必要なもの（御留山や御用木と呼ばれる）、土地も木材も民間所有（入会地形態）で木材伐採にも官許の不要なもの、個人所有のもの、宗教施設所有で当該宗教施設の為に用いられるものなど多様であった。例文帳に追加

There were various types of Satoyama in the Edo Period: those that were owned by the government (Shogun family or domains) and excluded from use by general citizens (called Otateyama, etc); those which were privately-owned (form of iriaichi (common land)) but trees were state-owned assets and required the government's permission for logging (called Otomeyama or Goyoboku); those whose land as well as trees were privately-owned and did not required any official permission for logging (form of iriai); those which were individually-owned; and those which were owned by religious organizations and used to construct their religious facilities.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

泰福が元服して正六位下蔵人兼近衛府に任じられた寛文10年（1670年）にも泰福と幸徳井友傳の間で陰陽頭を巡る相論が発生するも、天和_(日本)2年（1682年）に友傳が35歳で急死、相論の仲裁にあたっていた江戸幕府は友傳の子は幼くて職務が行えないと裁定したため、当時従五位上兵部少輔であった泰福が陰陽頭に就任、継いで翌年には諸国の陰陽師を支配・免許の権限が与えられた。例文帳に追加

In 1670 when Yasutomi passed the genpuku ceremony and was designated as Shorokuinoge Kurodo (Senior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade, Chamberlain) and Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards), the disputes occurred again with Tomohiro KOTOKUI regarding Onmyoji no kami, however, Tomohiro died suddenly at the age of 35 in 1682, and the Edo bakufu shogunate which arbitrated the conflicts handed down the ruling that the son of Tomohiro was too young to execute the post, thus Yasutomi who was at Jugoinojo Hyobu-shoyu (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade, junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of Military) acceded the post, and in the next year, he was authorized to control and license the Onmyoji of the whole country.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

容易に李氏朝鮮の首都である漢城が陥落すると、日本の諸将は5月に漢城にて軍議を開き、各方面軍による八道国割と呼ばれる制圧目標を決めた（平安道から一番隊小西行長他、咸鏡道から二番隊加藤清正他、黄海道から三番隊黒田長政他、江原道から四番隊毛利吉成他、忠清道から五番隊福島正則他、全羅道から六番隊小早川隆景他、慶尚道から七番隊毛利輝元他、京畿道から八番隊宇喜多秀家他）。例文帳に追加

After Hancheong, which had been the capital of Yi Dynasty Korea, fell easily, Japanese commanders held a war council in June in Hancheong and determined targets of subjugation called Hachidokuniwari (literally, dividing the country into eight routes) by each corps (the First Division of Yukinaga KONISHI and others from Pyeongan Province, the Second Division of Kiyomasa KATO and others from Hangyong Province, the Third Division of Nagamasa KURODA and others from Hwanghae Province, the Forth Division of Yoshinari MORI and others from Gangwon Province; the Fifth Division of Masanori FUKUSHIMA and others from Chungcheong Province; the Sixth Division by Takakage KOBAYAKAWA and others from Jeolla Province, the Seventh Division by Terumoto MORI and others from Gyeongsang Province, and the Eighth Division of Hideie UKITA and others from Gyeonggi Province).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

更に京都の町は江戸幕府以前からの様々な法令・慣習などが定められており、奉行所の与力・同心がこれらを把握する事が困難となっていたために、彼らからの諮問を受けた町代が先例などに基づいて回答を行う事も町代の重要な職務となるなど、奉行所の職務・運営を円滑化に必要な事務業務の代行が町代に委任されるようになって、町奉行の組織維持のための一端を担うようになっていった。例文帳に追加

As ordinance and convention had been established in the towns in Kyoto before the Edo period, which ranged too wide for police sergeants and constables to comprehend, it became also an important duty for Machidai to answer the questions from the police sergeants and constables based on the precedents--As such, Machidai became authorized to act as a proxy in execution of secretarial works necessary for facilitating the duties and operations of the Kyoto city magistrates' office, thereby contributed to keep organization of the city magistrates' office.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

松井家の二天一流師範である豊田景英が著した武蔵の伝記『二天記』には、大和国・奈良の宝蔵院流槍術の使い手奥蔵院日栄、伊賀国の鎖鎌の使い手宍戸某、江戸の柳生新陰流の大瀬戸隼人と辻風左馬助等との試合を記しているが、『二天記』の原史料である『武公伝』に記載が無く、また、他にそれを裏付ける史料が無いことから史的事実ではないと考えられている。例文帳に追加

A Musashi's biography "Niten-ki," written by Kagehide TOYOTA, an instructor of Niten Ichi-ryu Heiho in the Matsui family, describes many fights including a fight with Nichiei OKUZOIN, a master of Hozoin-ryu School of So-jutsu (art of spear) from Nara of Yamato Province, a fight with Shishido, a master of kusarigama (chained scythes) from Iga Province, fights with Hayato OSETO and Samanosuke TSUJIKAZE, masters of Yagyu Shinkage-ryu School from Edo; however, the information on those fights is not found in "Buko-den" on which Kagehide based, and there is no material to support the tales as well, therefore, presumably, those fights are not historical facts.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

文化3年頃に江戸市中に冥府と往き来できると言う天狗少年仙童寅吉が出現し、奇しくも後に知人を介して邂逅する事により、本人から直接異境の有様や幽事の秘め事などを聞き質し、幽界冥府が厳然と実在し、大なり小なり深く現界に影響を及ぼしている有様に気づき、篤胤自らが常日頃考えていた幽顕の理念と奇しくも符節融合する事を悟り、幽顕一如を再確信すると共に敬神の念を更に深めて古道を敷衍し実践して行く事となる。例文帳に追加

About 1806, in Edo City, a young Tengu (one of Japanese ghost) Torakichi (called 'Sendo') appeared, who claimed that he could come and go to the underworld; Atsutane was introduced to him and directly asked him about the other world and secrets of mysterious things, then Atsutane realized that the underworld really existed and exerted great or little influence on this world; and he thought that the boy's story surprisingly corresponded to the idea of the Dark and the Light which he had been considering for years; after that, with conviction of the idea and deeper worship, he continued his studies and practice of Kodo.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

鈴木英夫は『日本書紀』編纂時に白村江の敗戦を契機とする八世紀代律令国家の新羅「蕃国」視によって、「在安羅諸倭臣」は百済王の統制に服し、倭王権の派遣軍は百済の「傭兵」的性格を帯びていたという事実が誇張・拡大されて「任那日本府」の存在や倭王権の「官家」たる百済・「任那」の従属を核とする内容の史的構想が成立したと指摘する。例文帳に追加

Hideo SUZUKI has pointed out the following; after the defeat at the Battle of Hakusukinoe, the vision to see Silla as a 'barbarian country' by the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes in the eighth century exaggerated the fact that 'Japanese followers of Alla' were controlled by King Baekje and that the dispatched army of the Yamato Dynasty was a kind of 'mercenary' of Baekje, and as a result, the historical idea centering on the existence of a 'Japanese government at Minama' and the subordinance of Baekje and 'Minama' which were '官家' of the Yamato Dynasty was established when "Ninhonshoki" was compiled.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

嘉永6年（1853年）11月14日、江戸幕府より黒船来航のため岡山藩に房総警備（「北条（千葉県館山市北条）」と「竹ヶ岡（鏡ヶ浦・千葉県館山市八幡）」・安政5年（1858年）6月まで続いた）の命令が下ったので参謀長格で岡山から現地に赴いたが、房総の大津絵節（名所名物の唄）を作り兵士と共に毎日酒宴を開き騒いだり、総司令官の伊木忠澄も茶の湯遊びに耽っていたため、部下の香川忠武が池田慶政に士風刷新（綱紀粛正）の建白書を提出する騒ぎにまでしている。例文帳に追加

In December 14, 1853, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) ordered Okayama Domain to guard Boso ('Hojo' [Hojo, Tateyama City, Chiba Prefecture] and 'Takegaoka' [Kagamigaura and Yawata, Tateyama City, Chiba Prefecture], which continued until July 1858) due to the arrival of the Black Ships, and thereby Gonrokuro moved from Okayama to the spot as the chief of staff, but he caused a mess such as making Boso Otsu-e (Otsu paintings, named after the town of Otsu in Shiga Prefecture) Song (a song of famous places and products) and holding a wild drinking party with soldiers every day, and even Tadazumi Igi, the commander in chief, indulged in a tea ceremony, and therefore, Tadatake KAGAWA, Igi's subordinate, submitted a petition of reformation in samurai (warrior) style (enforcement of official discipline) to Yoshimasa IKEDA.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

だが、江戸時代中期に入ると形状的・臨時的（例勅使・朝鮮通信使の接待や征夷大将軍の日光社参参詣の供奉など）の両面における財政支出の拡大に加えて享保3年（1718年）以後の米価の低落傾向によって財政難に拍車がかかり、恒常的な借り入れ関係が生じ、更に領内の凶作によって蔵屋敷への年貢米（蔵米）や特産品（蔵物）搬入が減少するなどで売却代金によって返済しきれなくなる事態も生じた。例文帳に追加

However, in the middle of the Edo period, financial spending of domains expanded because there were more formal and special expenses required (for example, receptions of imperial messengers and envoys from Korea, or attendance on the shogun's visit to Nikko to recognize their great ancestor), and their financial difficulty was accelerated because of the declining of rice price in and after 1718.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

そうしますと、農林水産省が農作物、お米に関して、今お米はそういうことを禁止されていますけれども、大豆だとか小豆等々は伝統的に江戸時代から農林水産省（の所管）といいますか、明治17年に日本国に内閣制度ができたときから、農商務省の所管でございますから、農水省は農水省で思いもあるし、これは基本的に許認可の問題でございますから、色々愛着を持っておられるということもよく分かります。また、経済産業省の石油等々の取引も産業政策の一環ですから、今率直に言ってなかなか難航いたしております。例文帳に追加

This brings us to imagine that in the case of agricultural crops, which have been overseen by the MAFF, or its predecessor, the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, since the cabinet system was established in Japan in 1884, the MAFF presumably has its own ideas. As this issue is fundamentally connected to its licensing authority, I understand well that it must feel an attachment in various areas. For oil and other trading that is under the jurisdiction of the METI, we are, frankly, having much difficulty because it forms part of the METI's industrial policy.  - 金融庁

一つは奥野定良（1,000石組頭）・進藤源四郎（400石足軽頭）・小山良師（300石足軽頭）・岡本重之（400石大阪留守居役）ら高禄取りを中心にしたお家再興優先派、もう一つは堀部武庸（200石江戸留守居役）・高田郡兵衛（石馬廻役）・奥田重盛（150石武具奉行）ら腕自慢の家臣を中心に、小禄の家臣たちに支持された吉良上野介への仇討ち優先派である。例文帳に追加

One area of contention regarded the fact that some members from certain branches of the family received a higher salary such as Sadayoshi OKUNO who received 1,000 koku as kumigashira (group leader), and Genshiro SHINDO who received 400 koku as ashigarugashira (head of the ashigaru) who retained warriors controlling the ashigaru, Yoshikazu KOYAMA who received 300 koku as ashigarugashira, and Shigeyuki OKAMOTO who received 400 koku as Osaka rusuiyaku (a regent) amongst others, as opposed to the Adauchi faction, which prioritized avenging Kozukenosuke KIRA, primarily powerful vassals such as Taketsune HORIBE who received 200 koku as Edo rusuiyaku, Gunbei TAKADA who received 200 koku as Umamawariyaku (body guard), and Shigemori OKUDA who received 150 koku as arms bugyo (magistrate) amongst others who were supported by a smaller stipend.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

ただし、私は当時記者会見でも申し上げましたように、基本的にスキームをつくるときに、枝野さんは当時官房長官でしたが、6人の閣僚が入ったんでございますが、私は金融大臣ですし、与謝野さんは通産大臣経験者でもありますから、与謝野大臣が、ぜひ強く入れてくれというふうに当時菅内閣で主張しまして、当時の海江田経産大臣が入れましょうということで、実は私と与謝野さんが途中からインナーといいますか、原案をつくるときに入ったんです。例文帳に追加

However, as I said at a press conference held at that time, when the damages compensation scheme was under debate, Mr. Edano was Chief Cabinet Secretary. Six cabinet ministers participated in the debate.  - 金融庁

明治4年7月14日(旧暦)（1871年8月29日）に断行された廃藩置県の後始末が済まないうちに、岩倉使節団の計画が持ち上がり最終的に岩倉具視・大久保利通・木戸孝允ら明治政府を主導してきた首脳の多くが加わる一大使節団となったことから、使節団の外遊中の留守を守るとともに廃藩置県の後始末を行うための組織として太政大臣三条実美を筆頭に西郷隆盛・井上馨・大隈重信・板垣退助・江藤新平・大木喬任らによって結成された。例文帳に追加

The Iwakura Mission project came up before the completion of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishement of prefectures) that had been set about on August 29, 1871, in the project Tomomi IWAKURA, Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO and many other leaders of the Meiji government finally joined the great delegation, and therefore the Establishment was organized by Grand Minister Sanetomi SANJO at its head, Takamori SAIGO, Kaoru INOUE, Shigenobu OKUMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shinpei ETO and Takao OKI in order to protect the nation and to settle the affairs of Haihan-chiken while the Iwakura Mission was traveling abroad officially.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

近世においては後醍醐天皇を不徳の君であるとする評価が定着し、徳川光圀によって編纂が開始された『大日本史』においては南朝を正統とする立場から後醍醐天皇を不徳とする認識が見られ、江戸時代には新井白石が『読史余論』において、王朝政治における累代の天皇の失徳が武家政権成立の過程であるとする歴史観の中で、後醍醐天皇をその末尾に位置付けている。例文帳に追加

In those days, the evaluation that Emperor Go-Daigo was an illegitimate sovereign was firmly established, and in Dai Nihonshi, which Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA began to compile, there is a section recognizing that Emperor Go-Daigo was illegitimate based on the foundation that the Southern Court was legitimate. In Tokushi Yoron, the author, Hakuseki ARAI, placed Emperor Go-Daigo at the end of his list of responsible emperors, based on his historical view that the accumulated immorality of successive emperors lead to the appearance of samurai government.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

著作としては、『如来秘蔵集』6巻・『小止観鈔』3巻・『龍華傳鈔』3巻・『本朝法華傳』3巻・『扶桑隠逸傳』3巻・『元々唱和集』2巻・『衣裏宝珠鈔』・『釈氏二十四孝』・『釈門孝傳』・『龍華歴代師承傳』・『身延山七面記』・『身延山紀行』・『溫泉遊草』・『称心病課』・『草山要路』・『草山和歌集』・『食医要編』・『以空上人方丈記首書』・『聖凡唱和』・『都土産』・『霞谷法語』・『江左垂示』・『唱題得意』・『題目和歌鈔』がある。例文帳に追加

His writings included six volumes of "Treasury of Tathagata," three volumes of "Small Writings about Meditation," three volumes of "Commentary on the Legend of Ryuge Tree under which Bodhisattva Attains Nirvana," three volumes of "Commentary on Japanese Nichiren Sect," three volumes of "Writings about Japanese Hermits," two volumes of "Poetries exchanged between Nissei and Chen Yuan-Ping, "衣裏 Hoju sho," "Twenty-four Dutiful Children among Buddhists," "Writings about Dutiful Children among Buddhists," "Traditions of Generations of Teachings from Teachers to Disciples about Attaining Nirvana," "The Record of Shichimen, Mt. Minobu," "Travelogue of Mt. Minobu," "Onsen Yuso," "Sickly Life at Shoshin," "Important Teachings at Sozan," "Sozan Poetry," "Important Collections on Food and Medicine," "Annotations about Hojo ki by St. Iku," "Incantation in Unison by Priest and Believers," "Souvenir from Kyoto," "Teachings of Kakoku," "Teachings by Kosa," "得意 Incantation of the Name of the Lotus Sutra," and "Small Writings about Poetries sung as Teachings of the Nichiren Sect."  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

江戸時代を通じて、基本的に酒はその造り方、流通、販売に至るまで商人がプロデュースするものであったが、上記のような理由から藩という地方自治体が酒造りを立案し、伊丹酒や灘五郷や奈良流など当時の酒造先進地域より酒師（さかし-杜氏とほぼ同義）や麹師（こうじし）といった技術者を少なからぬ藩費で招聘し、土地の大商人に醸造設備などを整備させて始めた地酒のことを、後世から便宜上藩造酒（はんぞうしゅ）と呼ぶ。例文帳に追加

While sake was basically produced by the merchants throughout the Edo period in all fields of brewing methods, distribution and sales, local governments or domains, due to the above reasons, started to brew Jizake (local sake) called, in later ages for convenience, Hanzoshu (sake brewed by the domains) by preparing brewing plans, inviting at no small expenses of the domain's technical experts such as Sakashi (sake brewer) (almost the same meaning as Toji [sake brewer]) and Kojishi (a person in charge of the koji-manufacturing) from the advanced regions in sake brewing like Itami sake, Nada gogo (five districts in Nada), Nara style sake and so on and making local wealthy merchants maintain brewing facilities.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

通説によれば、延喜年間に延喜格式と並行して編纂が行われたとされ、『本朝法家目録文書』及び『本朝書籍目録』によれば、ともに10巻とし、前者には約90条の目録を掲げているが、『北山抄』・『江家次第』・『中右記』などにその逸文とされるものが記載されており、藤原俊憲の『貫首秘抄』でも職事が持つべき書として挙げている。例文帳に追加

It was commonly accepted that Engi Gishiki was compiled in parallel with Engi Kyakushiki during the Engi era -- According to "Honcho hoke mokuroku monjo" (Catalogue of legalist documents in our country) and "Honcho shoseki mokuroku" (Catalogue of books in our country), Engi Gishiki and Engi Kyakushiki were in ten volumes respectively and ninety items were listed for the former; and such documents as "Hokuzansho" (Manual of court rules and customs), "Goke shidai" (Ritual Compendium by the House of Oe), and "Chuyuki" (The Diary of the Minister of the Right, written by Munetada FUJIWARA) recorded the parts which was considered to be a surviving fragment of the former; and "Kanju hisho" (also referred to as Kanzu hisho; Secret Notes by Head Chamberlain) written by FUJIWARA no Toshinori recommended the former as a must for Shikiji (Chamberlains).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

平安時代中後期は、一時、紀伝道の分野で大江氏に優位を奪われ、菅原文時（899年～981年）（従三位・非参議）、菅原輔正（925年～1009年）（位階・参議・大宰府）のような例外を除いて公卿に列せられることはなかったが、鎌倉時代初期の菅原為長（1158年～1246年）が正二位・参議・大蔵省に昇進して以降、子孫は累代公卿に列せられ、朝廷における紀伝道の要職を独占。例文帳に追加

In the mid-to-late Heian period, the Sugawara clan was temporarily displaced from its dominant position in the field of Kidendo by the Oe clan and, as a result, and with the notable exceptions of Sugawara no Fumitoki (899-981) (Junior Third Rank, non-Councilor) and Sugawara no Sukemasa (925-1009) (Court Rank, Councilor, Dazaifu, foreign affairs office in Kyushu), members of the Sugawara clan were not ranked as Court nobles over this time, but at the beginning of the Kamakura period Sugawara no Tamenaga (1158-1246) was promoted to Senior Second Court Rank, Councilor, Treasury Office and his descendants were subsequently ranked as Court nobles, taking all the important Kidendo posts at Court.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

8日、開戦に積極的で無かったとされる慶喜は大坂城におり、旧幕府軍の敗戦が決定的となり、7日には慶喜に対して追討令が出た報を聞くと、その夜僅かな側近及び老中・板倉勝静、同・酒井忠惇、会津藩主・松平容保・桑名藩主・松平定敬と共に密かに城を脱し、大阪湾に停泊中の幕府軍艦・開陽丸で江戸に退却した。例文帳に追加

Yoshinobu, who is said to have not actively supported starting a war, stayed at Osaka Castle when the defeat of the former Shogunate forces was imminent and he was informed of the issuing of the punitive order against him on February 7; that night Yoshinobu secretly escaped from the castle and retreated to Edo on the Shogunate warship Kaiyo Maru on February 8, which had been anchored at Osaka Bay, along with a few of his close aides as well as Katsukiyo ITAKURA (a senior councilor), Tadato SAKAI (a senior councilor), Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Aizu domain) and Sadaki MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Kuwana domain).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

京都七口は元来、京都と七道を結ぶ街道の入口として設置されたと考えられ、大原口（小原口・八瀬口→北陸道）・鞍馬口（出雲路口）・粟田口（東三条口→東海道）・伏見口（宇治口・木幡口→南海道）・鳥羽口（→西海道）・丹波口（西七条口・七条口→山陰道）・長坂口（→(丹波道)）の7つと言われているが、これは関所が廃止された江戸時代以後の説で史実に即しているのか疑問を持たれている。例文帳に追加

It is thought that Kyoto nanakuchi were originally set as entrances to the roads connecting Kyoto and seven circuits, and are said to be the Oohara entrance (the Ohara Entrance, the Yase entrance: the Hokuriku road), the Kurama entrance (the Izumo road entrance), the Awata entrance (the Higashi-sanjo entrance: the Tokai road), the Fushimi entrance (the Uji entrance, the Kohata entrance: the Nankai road), the Toba entrance (the Saikai road), the Tanba entrance (the Nishi-shichijo entrance, the Shichijo entrance: the Sanin road) and the Nagasaka entrance (the Tanba road); however, this theory came about after the Edo Period and when such checkpoints had been abolished, so there are doubts surrounding whether these are historical facts.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

それからまた、今日から大変恐縮でございますけれども、中国・香港に出張させていただきまして、（本日の）閣議で了解をいただいたわけでございまして、今回の出張は北京ですね、第3回日中ハイレベル経済対話の経済閣僚の1人として出席をさせていただきまして、それから中国・香港、私は20年ぐらいに実は香港とは非常に色々友好関係をしておりまして、20年前に通産省の政務次官のときに香港に行かせていただきまして、それ以来ずっと超党派の日本香港友好議員連盟の会長の羽田孜さんが、総理大臣をされた方がずっとしておりますが、私が長い間、事務局長をいたしておりまして、今は海江田万里さんがまた（衆院選を）通ってこられましたので海江田万里さんが事務局長で、今、会長は羽田孜元総理大臣、私が会長代理ということでございまして、香港とは長い間お付き合いもございますし、ご存じのように金融センター・香港ということでして、アメリカに行ってアジアの金融センター、東京か香港かシンガポールかということは皆さん方よくご存じだと思いますけれども、香港に行って、これは当然金融のアジアの中心の1つでもございますから、そういった方々と色々意見を交換、あるいは色々勉強させていただきたいという思いでございます。例文帳に追加

As for Hong Kong, I have had a long relationship with Hong Kong since I visited there two decades ago as Parliamentary Vice-Minister for International Trade and Industry. As you may be aware, Asia’s financial center is either Tokyo, Hong Kong or Singapore. Following my trip to the United States the other day, I will visit Hong Kong, one of the financial hubs in Asia, where I hope to exchange various opinions with the people there and gain a wide range of knowledge.  - 金融庁

その理由として、江戸時代に入って徳川綱吉によって諸国鉄砲改めによる百姓の狩猟及び銃の原則所持禁止、銃器の移動制限がなされたことや、鎖国の影響による技術進歩の停滞という通説、フリントロック式は火縄式に比べ強力なバネが装着されており、撃鉄作動時の衝撃が大きく、引金を引いてから一瞬遅れて装薬に着火する機構のため銃身がぶれ、火縄銃に比べ命中率が悪く「一発必中」を好む日本人から嫌われたらしいことのほかに、日本では良質の火打石が産出せず大量生産ができなかったこと、またおそらくはすべての武術と同じく鉄炮術も一種の競技的な要素を含んで流派形式で継承されたため、その結果必然的に器具類の改変は避けられた、という要素も大きかった。例文帳に追加

The reasons for this follow; in the Edo period Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA prohibited hunting and the possession of a gun by farmers in principle; that the transfer of a gun was limited; that, commonly believed, the technological advance of guns stagnated from the influence of the exclusion of foreigners (national isolation); that a flintlock gun (flintlock system) had a stronger spring than a hinawaju and when the gunlock operating the impact was big and after trigger was pulled, the ignition mechanism for the explosive charge momentarily wavered and the accuracy of fire was bad and thus Japanese who liked to 'ippatsu hicchu' (hit with one shot), disliked the flintlock gun; that good quality flints could not be found in Japan and could not be mass-produced; and that, as a big factor, the art of gun was inherited probably in the form of a school-style gun for competitions like all the martial arts and as a result, the improvement of the weapon was necessarily avoided.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

しかしながら、一次産品の場合、特に農産物の場合、自給の問題がありますし、それから天候の問題があるのです。天候不順があると農産物はとれませんし、それからまた、これは私の一般的な知識で恐縮なのでございますが、やはり発展途上国は、今どんどん経済的に大きくなっておりますから、需要が非常に高まっている。だから、世界的な需給のバランスが崩れつつあるといったことが、市場の高騰につながっているのだという意見もあれば、またご存じのように、投機筋が、要するに商品先物取引、これは江戸時代に米の相場というものが、世界で最初に商品先物取引として日本でやったという歴史がございますけれども、そこもまだ要因がはっきり分析されていないところがあるのです。例文帳に追加

However, in the case of commodities, particularly agricultural products, there are such issues as self-sufficiency and weather conditions. Unfavorable weather results in a poor harvest, and as developing countries are enjoying continuous economic growth, demand has grown very strong. As a result, the global supply-demand balance is being upset, leading to the price upsurge. That is one way of looking at this problem. There is also the view that speculative traders are the cause, as you know. However, the cause has not yet been fully analyzed.  - 金融庁

当然ですね。これは政治主導でございまして、農産品と申しますか、その取引については明治時代から（存在し）、米の相場を始めたのは江戸時代であると。それから一番古い先物取引は、大阪で始まったという話もあるわけでございます。穀物の取引というのは大変古い歴史と伝統がありまして、それは昔で言う農商務省、農林省がきちっと農業政策の一環としてやっており、それから、原油をはじめ鉱物資源につきましては、私も20年前、通産政務次官をしましたので、これはまた通商政策の一環としてやっているということです。しかし、一番大きな金融取引等々につきましては、（その）先物取引は金融庁の所管でございますから、これはやはり各省縦割りというのが今まであったことは、もう私も重々知っておりますし、また各省は、縦割りの中で来たというのが現実でございまして、そこはまさに私は政治主導の必要があるというふうに思っておりますので、きちっと3大臣で話をして、大所高所に立ってきちっと国際競争力もこれは大事なときでございまして、東京のマーケットそのものの地位を高めるということも、今の経済戦略の中で大事な課題でもございますから、やっていきたいというふうに強く思っております。例文帳に追加

Of course, I intend to do so. This is a matter of political leadership. Trade in agricultural goods has existed since the Meiji period; the rice market was opened in the Edo period. It is said that the first futures trading was conducted in Osaka. Grain trading has a very long history and tradition and it has been promoted by the former Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries as part of the agricultural policy. Trading in crude oil and other mineral resources has been promoted as part of the trade and commerce policy. For my part, I served as parliamentary secretary for international trade and industry 20 years ago. However, regarding financial products, which account for most of the trading, futures trading is under the jurisdiction of the FSA. I am well aware that ministerial sectionalism has existed until now. The reality is that individual ministries have been operating on the basis of sectionalism. In this respect, we must exercise political leadership. Under the current economic strategy, it is an important task to strengthen the Tokyo market’s international competitiveness and enhance its position from a broad perspective, so the three relevant ministers will discuss this matter and take necessary actions.  - 金融庁

しかしながら、一次産品の場合、特に農産物の場合、自給の問題がありますし、それから天候の問題があるのです。天候不順があると農産物はとれませんし、それからまた、これは私の一般的な知識で恐縮なのでございますが、やはり発展途上国は、今どんどん経済的に大きくなっておりますから、需要が非常に高まっている。だから、世界的な需給のバランスが崩れつつあるといったことが、市場の高騰につながっているのだという意見もあれば、またご存じのように、投機筋が、要するに商品先物取引、これは江戸時代に米の相場というものが、世界で最初に商品先物取引として日本でやったという歴史がございますけれども、そこもまだ要因がはっきり分析されていないところがあるのです。今日の新聞にも載っていましたが、国際決済銀行（BIS）で市場委員会の議長を務める日銀の幹部の方が、議長国フランスの要請でこの（小委員会の）議長に決まったということを、野田財務大臣も閣僚懇で話をしておられましたので、そういったことで、価格高騰の原因を明らかにするために色々と国際的に検討していくということが、G20でも合意されたということです。まだ、なかなか世界的にみんな考えがまとまっていないところもあるのです。ですから、やはりその辺をしっかりクリアにしていく必要があると思っています。例文帳に追加

Also, we must keep a watchful eye on the upsurge in prices of commodities, as was instructed today by Prime Minister Kan. As the establishment of a comprehensive exchange is included in the New Growth Strategy, it is important from the perspective of Japan’s economic growth. Problems of commodities exchanges have become a globally important challenge as they were taken up at the G20 meeting. Therefore, I believe that the establishment of a comprehensive exchange has grown in priority in my eyes as a politician. In that sense, although I understand that each ministry has its own tradition and history, we must study this matter. That the Prime Minister issued an instruction regarding this and it was discussed at the G-20 meeting means that it has paramount political importance globally. Therefore, we must study this matter while maintaining appropriate cooperation with relevant ministries and agencies.  - 金融庁