「"背景に"」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(32ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

また、消費者の消費マインドを示す消費者信頼感指数は、エネルギー価格の上昇、金融・資本市場の混乱による景気・雇用の現状・先行きに対する悲観的な見方を背景に大きく悪化しており、6か月先の将来に対する消費マインドを示す期待指数は1973年以来の低い水準となっている（第1-2-4図）。例文帳に追加

The consumer confidence index, which shows consumer sentiment, worsened considerably due to the pessimistic view taken toward the present and future prospects for business and employment, based on rising energy prices and the turmoil of the financial and capital markets. The expectations index, which shows consumer sentiment for six months into the future, is at its lowest level since 1973 (see Figure 1-2-4). - 経済産業省

2000年のITバブルの崩壊以降2003年まで低迷していたドイツ経済であるが、シュレーダー政権下の「アジェンダ201030」及び「ハルツ法（Hartz法）」による労働市場改革並びに中・東欧諸国のEU加盟を背景に、ドイツ企業による国際分業31が進展し、労働コストの低下や生産効率の向上を通じてドイツ企業の国際競争力が回復した。例文帳に追加

From the collapse of the IT bubble in 2000 and until 2003, the German economy had been sluggish. However, backed by the "Agenda 2010"30 under the Schroder administration, by the labor market reforms based on the "Hartz laws," and by the accession of Central and Eastern European countries to the EU, progress was made in the international division of labor31 by German businesses, and through reduced labor costs and improved production efficiencies, the international competitiveness of German businesses recovered. - 経済産業省

これはロシア、中東、ノルウェーなど産油国の多くが英国内の銀行に原油代金の決済口座を開設していることを背景に、英国が、自国に流入するオイルマネーを不動産投資や株式投資等で運用し、巨額の運用収益を得ているためであると言われている（第1-2-37図）。例文帳に追加

This is said to be because, seeing as many oil producing countries and regions, such as Russia, the Middle East and Norway, have opened accounts with banks in the United Kingdom for the settlement of their proceeds from oil, the United Kingdom has used real estate investments, stock investments and the like to effectively manage the oil money flowing into the country, and has reaped enormous asset management profits (see Figure 1-2-37). - 経済産業省

この背景には、喫煙と健康問題に対する社会的な関心の高まりからタバコ関連企業を投資対象から排除する運用が高い支持を受けたこと、既存のSRI型の運用が好成績を上げていたこと等に加えて、確定拠出型年金401kプランの選択メニューにSRI型の金融商品が広く取り入れられるようになったことが挙げられる。例文帳に追加

In the background of this expansion was the broader availability of SRI-type financial products in the menu for 401k defined contribution pension plans, in addition to the strong support for investment policies excluding tobacco companies amid the growing social awareness about smoking and health issues and the favorable performance of SRI-type investment management. - 経済産業省

こうした貿易構造の変化の背景には、1985年のプラザ合意以降の円高の進展などにより、業が価格競争力を喪失した労働集約財や低付加価値製品の海外生産や輸入増大を図り、国内製品や輸出製品をより高付加価値製品にシフトさせる国際分業の進展があると考えられる。例文帳に追加

Further development of the division of labour on an international scale is believed to exist behind such changes to the trade structure: specifically, corporations have been trying to increase overseas production and imports of labor-intensive goods and low value-added products, whose price competitiveness has weakened because of the appreciation of the Japanese yen following the Plaza Agreement in 1985, and they have been shifting from domestic products or exports to more value-added products. - 厚生労働省

所定内給与の減少には、パートタイム労働者構成比の上昇が平均でみた労働時間の減少と時間当たり賃金の減少の双方に寄与したことに加え、賃上げ率の低下を背景に一般労働者の所定内給与が0.3％減少と比較可能な1994年以降初めて減少したこと等が影響している例文帳に追加

The shrinkage of scheduled cash earnings was affected by the increased share of part-time employees contributing to the decrease in working hours and average hourly wage, and the decrease in scheduled cash earnings for full time employees at 0.3%, for the first time since the comparable year 1994, reflecting the lower rate of wage increases - 厚生労働省

高齢化・高学歴化の中で役職ポストが不足し、労働者の職業生涯を通じた昇進可能性が低下する中で、労働者の競争意識を高める必要があること等を背景に、昇進に差がつき始める時期の早期化が進みつつあり、今後一層選別が厳しくなることも予想される例文帳に追加

In an aging and academic background-oriented society, there is a general shortage of managerial posts, resulting in reduced promotion opportunities for workers in their professional careers. In order to heighten the sense of competition among workers under these circumstances, differences in promotion are starting at earlier stages of employment and screening is expected to become even more stringent - 厚生労働省

医療用医薬品市場を 5年前と比べると、シェア17%で1 位であった「循環器官用薬」が高齢化を背景にそのままシェアを伸ばしたほか、成人病の影響により糖尿病の薬を含む「その他代謝性医薬品」、新たな抗がん剤の開発が続いていることにより「腫瘍用薬」がシェアを伸ばしている。例文帳に追加

Compared with the current ethical drug market with that 5 years before, “cardiovascular drugs” having the top share of 17% remains to increase the share with the background of aging. Other than this, “other metabolic drugs” including diabetic drugs increase the share due to the influence of adult diseases and “anticancer drugs” also increase the share as development of new anticancer drugs continues. - 厚生労働省

こういった収益状況の背景としては、これも先般もお話ししたところでございますけれども、第一に、サブプライムの関連を含む証券化商品等に関して、損失額自体は減少してきていますけれども、国際的な市場の緊張が続く中で我が国の金融機関についても損失が引き続き発生しているということ、第二に、原油・原材料価格の高騰等を背景に景気の下振れリスクが高まっており、不良債権処理をはじめとする与信関係費用が増加しているということ、そして第三に、預貸ビジネス、あるいは手数料ビジネスといった本業における収益力が伸び悩んでいるという状況にあること、こういったことが背景にあると思っております。例文帳に追加

These results came about against the background of - I also talked about this recently - firstly, the losses that are still arising at Japanese financial institutions amid the continued tensions in the global markets, although the amount of losses is declining. Secondly, an increase in credit-related expenses, such as the cost of disposing of non-performing loans, that was caused by growing downside risks for the economy due to the surge in the prices of crude oil and raw materials. And thirdly, the weakness of the growth in their core businesses, such as lending and fee income businesses.  - 金融庁

定数2名の文章博士を5系統で世襲・独占するという形態が成立した背景には、文章博士は天皇や摂関以下公卿と面識を得る機会が多く、1度就任するとそれ以上の昇進が困難であった他の博士と比べて比較的短期間で弁官などの要職に転任して、その後も学識経験者として文章博士と同様の社会的信頼・地位を得ることが可能であったことによるとされている。例文帳に追加

It is said that those five families were able to monopolize the quota of two monjo hakase by heredity because a person who once became monjo hakase could be promoted, capitalizing on his many opportunities to be acquainted with influential figures such as emperors, regents and chancellors, and Court nobles, to an important post such as benkan (a key position in the Grand Council of State called Dajokan) in a relatively shorter period of time than could other types of hakase who were hardly able to rise to a higher post and, further, because he could continue to gain the social trust and status, even after that, as a distinguished academic just as monjo hakase could.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

だが、病弱であった上に父天皇との関係も微妙であり、『日本後紀』によれば、延暦12年（793年）に春宮坊帯刀舎人が殺害された事件の背景に皇太子がいたと噂された事や、同24年（805年）に一時重態であった天皇が一時的に回復したために皇太子に対してに参内を命じたのにも関わらず参内せず、藤原緒嗣に催促されて漸く参内したことなどが記されている。例文帳に追加

However, the Emperor was in poor health when he became the Crown Pprince and had a sensitive relationship with his father the Emperor at that time; according to "Nihon Koki," there was a rumor that the crown prince was involved in the incident of Togu-bo Tachihaki (no) Toneri being killed in 793, or that in 805 the Emperor, who was in serious medical condition, recovered temporarily and ordered the Crown Pprince to go to the Imperial Palace, but when he refused to do so, FUJIWARA no Otsugu reprimanded him and he finally went to the Imperial Palace for a while.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

一説に、こうした鈴鹿王の立身の背景には、無念の思いを抱いて死んだ長屋王の霊を鎮めたいという朝廷の意図が込められていたといわれているが、その一方で天平9年の疫病によって議政官級の皇族・貴族のほとんどが死去してしまい、大臣に就任できる要件を満たした人材がいなくなってしまったために、大臣と同格で皇族であることが唯一の条件であった知太政官事を急遽立てなければならないという切迫した事情も介在していた。例文帳に追加

While there is a theory that such speedy promotion of Suzuka no Okimi was the results of the Imperial Court's influence, who intended to appease the spirit of Nagayao, who died feeling mortified, another theory says that as a plague in 737 killed most members of the Imperial Family and nobles working in the Giseikan (Legislature), leaving very few princes and nobles meeting the requirements to fill ministerial positions, there was a desperate need to quickly fill in the position of Chidaijoikanji whose only requirement was being a member of the Imperial Family and in a position equivalent to the ministers.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

もともと公武合体派とはいっても、天皇のもとに賢侯を集めての中央集権をめざす薩摩の思惑と将軍中心の中央集権をめざす幕府の思惑は違っていたが、薩英戦争で活躍した旧精忠組の発言力の増大と守旧派の失脚を背景に、薩摩流の公武周旋をやり直そうとした久光にとっては、京大坂での薩摩藩の世評の悪化と公武周旋に動く人材の不足が最大の問題であった。例文帳に追加

It was even called the supporter of the coalition of court nobles and Samurai originally, but it was different from the thought of Satsuma which centralized power by gathering sages to the Emperor, and Hidemitsu, who tried to reorganize the procurement of court nobles and Samurai in the style of Satsuma used as background the increasingly influential voice of the former Seichu-gumi organization, which worked well at the Satsuei War and during the downfall of the old-guard cronies, but the biggest problems were the bad reputation of Satsuma domain, and being short of people who could work to procure court nobles and Samurai.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

延喜22年4月20日（913年6月2日）、従二位大宰権帥から右大臣に復し、正二位を贈ったのを初めとし、正暦4年（993年）には贈正一位左大臣、同年贈太政大臣（こうした名誉回復の背景には道真を讒言した時平の早死にで子孫が振るわなかったために、宇多天皇の側近で道真にも好意的だった時平の弟・藤原忠平の子孫が藤原氏の嫡流となった事も関係しているとされる）。例文帳に追加

On May 20, 922, after being reinstated as Udaijin from the Junii rank Dazai Gon no sochi and posthumously granted the Shonii rank, and was granted additional posthumous posts of the Shoichii rank Sadaijin and then the Daijo-daijin in 993 (it is believed that his honor was restored in this way partly because Tokihira, who had accused Michizane, died young leaving no descendants and therefore, descendents of his younger brother, FUJIWARA no Tadahira, who was an aide to Emperor Uda and friendly to Michizane, became the Fujiwara clan's direct-line descendants).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

室町幕府においては、守護（守護大名）に対して、既存の大犯三箇条に加えて、苅田狼藉検断、使節遵行権、段銭徴収権などの広範な権利が付与されていたが、幕府御家人は、足利将軍家の威光を背景に守護使不入の特権を得て、守護からの段銭徴収を拒絶し、幕府からの段銭要求に対しても幕府への直接納付（京納）が認められて守護からの加重徴収の危険を免れる事を可能とした。例文帳に追加

In the Muromachi bakufu, extensive rights were given to shugo (or shugo daimyo, shugo that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords), such as Karita Rozeki Kendan (the shugo's right to suppress provincial warriors who entered shoen unlawfully to harvest rice, and to prosecute and convict them), Shisetsu Jungyo Ken (a right empowered to shugo to implement shisetsu jungyo, in which shugo who received orders from the bakufu sent jungyo-shi, emissaries, to a region and have them execute the orders) and Tansen Choshu Ken (a right to collect surtax), in addition to the existing Taibon Sankajo, but bakufu gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) who had been granted the shugoshi-funyu privilege backed by the authority of the Ashikaga family positioned to accede to the shogunate, refused collection of tansen (surtax) from shugo, and responded to one from the bakufu as direct payment to the bakufu (known as kyono) was approved, which enabled them to escape from a danger of being surcharged by the shugo.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その背景について、幼少の清和天皇が外祖父藤原良房の政治権力によって、異母兄惟喬親王を推す世論に反して擁立されたことに由来する政治基盤の不安定さを克服するために、幼い天皇の君徳の涵養を図るとともに、天皇への忠誠を官人教育を通じて強く認識させる目的によって、藤原良房と大春日雄継が導入を図ったものと考えられている。例文帳に追加

It is believed that FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa and OKASUGA no Otsugu adopted this edition with the purpose of giving government officials an official education to foster allegiance to the Emperor, as well as to foster "Kuntoku no Kanyo" in the young Emperor Seiwa, thereby tried to overcome the instability of political foundation, which was caused by the enthroning of the infant Emperor Seiwa, with the help of the political power of his maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, against public opinion that pushed for his paternal older half-brother, Imperial Prince Koretaka.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

第一に、上記に掲げた太閤蔵入地約200万石、第二に、直轄領とした金山・銀山（佐渡国佐渡金山、石見国石見銀山、但馬国生野銀山）から上がる金銀の収益（金銀の収益を背景に、平安時代に発行された皇朝十二銭以来となる国内発行の貨幣（天正大判・天正通宝）を発行）、第三に、商業が発達した都市（大坂、堺、京都、伏見、長崎）を直轄地とすることから上がる収益であった。例文帳に追加

First, by gaining approximately two million koku from the land directly controlled by Taiko Hideyoshi; second, by gaining profits of gold and silver from gold and silver mines, which were part of Hideyoshi's directly controlled territories (Sado Gold Mine of Sado Province and Iwami Silver Mine of Iwami Province and Ikuno Silver Mine of Tajima Province) (Hideyoshi issued the new coins, 'Tensho-Oban' and 'Tensho Tsuho' after a long interval since 'Kocho-Junisen' (twelve coins casted in Japan) had been issued in the Heian period; third, gaining profits by directly controlling cities where commerce had developed (Osaka, Sakai, Kyoto, Fushimi and Nagasaki).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

さて、先の検勘の際に強引な日程を組んだ背景には、外国との関係の都合上贋貨と正貨の等価交換をやむなく認めたものの、実際に全ての贋貨を同じように正貨と等価で引き換えた場合には明治政府の財政が破綻するのは目に見えていたからであり、その額をなるべく抑制したいという明治政府と貿易関係の維持のために政府の崩壊に至る事態は避けたいと考える外国公使との思惑の一致があったからである。例文帳に追加

Now, the main reason behind the scheduling of such a tight agenda for the authenticity testing was that, while the exchange of equivalent amounts of counterfeit for specie was accepted as unavoidable given the government's relationship with foreign countries, it was clear that if all the counterfeit money was exchanged for specie of an equivalent price, the Meiji Government would face financial ruin, so the Meiji Government wanted to keep this amount to a minimum; at the same time, the foreign ministers of Japan's trading partners wanted to avoid a situation in which the government might collapse so as to ensure that they could maintain their trade relationships with the Meiji Government, so the motives of both sides coincided.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

安康暗殺の背景に葛城氏が直接関与していた可能性も指摘されているが、生前の安康は押磐皇子に後事を託そうとしていたという記述（雄略即位前紀）からすれば、むしろ安康（允恭系）と押磐皇子（履中系）・葛城氏との間には王位継承に関する妥協が成立していて、このことに強く反発した大泊瀬皇子が安康を含む敵対勢力の一掃に踏み切ったと解釈することも出来よう。例文帳に追加

It has been pointed out that the Katsuraki clan was involved in the assassination of Emperor Anko; however, there is a record that Emperor Anko was planning to hand over his future affairs to Prince Oshihano, which could mean that there was a compromise between the Emperor Anko (the Ingyo family), and Prince Oshihano (the Richu family) and Katsuraki clan, but Pince Ohatsuse was strongly opposed to this plan and decided to wipe out his opponents, including Emperor Anko.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

一般論としてのお答えになると思いますが、金融庁としてはこれまでも証券会社等の業務運営等に問題が生じた場合には、その時々の事案の内容を精査し、問題となった行為の重大性、悪質性やその背景にある経営管理態勢の適否、また業務運営態勢の適切性等を勘案した上で必要に応じて法令に則って適切に対応してきたところでございまして、その方針に変更はございません。例文帳に追加

If I am to reply to you in general terms, the FSA has responded to past cases of problems found in securities companies' business operations by examining the cases closely and taking action as necessary in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations with due consideration of the seriousness and maliciousness of the misconduct concerned and the appropriateness of the underlying institutional environment such as an internal control environment for corporate governance and business operations, and this stance remains unchanged.  - 金融庁

株価については、恐縮なのですがどうしても同じような形の答弁になってしまうのですが、1つの要因で決まるわけではなく、様々な要因を背景にして市場で決まっていくものであり、なかなか変動要因というものを1つのタイミングで特定するというのは困難でありますし、当局としてのコメントを差し控えたいと思っておりますが、確かに昨日ニューヨークのダウも相当下げておりますし、それから、今日の午前中も東京市場は下げているようであり、いずれにしても株式市場の動向は引き続き注視をしていきたいと思っています。例文帳に追加

Regarding stock prices, I am afraid that I must repeat my usual answer. Stock prices are not determined by any single factor but determined by a variety of factors through market forces, which makes it difficult to identify in a moment why prices are going up or down, so I would like to refrain from making comments. Indeed, the New York Dow dropped sharply yesterday and the Tokyo market is also sliding this morning. In any case, we will keep a close watch on stock market developments.  - 金融庁

今お話がございましたように、ヨーロッパの金融・経済情勢でございますが、ギリシャにおいて再選挙、6月17日が投票日だったと思いますが、これを控えて、色々な報道機関が世論調査をしているようでございますが、市場では、これまで欧州で進められてきた財政再建の取組みに対する不透明感に加え、このところのスペインの財政・金融問題に対する懸念等を背景に、ユーロを中心とする為替市場や、欧州周縁国債の利回り上昇など、リスクオフの動きが生じているという見方が多いと思っています。例文帳に追加

Regarding the financial and economic situations in Europe, various media organizations are conducting opinion polls ahead of Greece's re-election scheduled for June 17. In the market, the view is prevailing that there are moves to avert risks, as shown by movements in exchange rates of the euro and other currencies, and a rise in government bonds issued by peripheral European countries, against the background of uncertainty over fiscal consolidation efforts so far made in Europe, and the recent concerns over fiscal and financial problems in Spain.  - 金融庁

本日、総理からご指示をいただいた「銀行の自己資本比率規制の一部弾力化」という項目につきましては、ご案内のように、銀行の自己資本比率規制の計算では有価証券の評価損を自己資本から控除することとなっているということで、このため現下の市況を反映した評価損の拡大が自己資本比率の大きな変動要因となることで、金融機関の融資姿勢の過度な萎縮に繋がる懸念があるという認識が背景にあろうかと思います。例文帳に追加

The partial introduction of flexibility into the capital adequacy ratio regulation, regarding which the Prime Minister gave an instruction to us today, reflects concern that because valuation losses on securities holdings must be deducted from banks’ capital in the calculation of their capital adequacy ratio, as you know, an expansion of valuation losses due to the current market condition would be a significant variable factor for their capital adequacy ratio, thereby prompting them to curb loans excessively.  - 金融庁

健全で、透明な、包括的枠組みを確保するため、金融安定化フォーラム（FSF）に対し、混乱の背景にある要因を分析し、流動性とリスク管理、金融派生商品の会計処理・価格評価、金融仕組み商品に関する格付機関の役割・格付手法およびその活用のあり方、並びにオフバランスの投資手法の扱いを含む、金融機関の監督に関する基本原則といった分野における提案を行うことを要請。例文帳に追加

To ensure a sound, transparent, and comprehensive framework, we have asked the Financial Stability Forum (FSF) to analyze the underlying causes of the turbulence and offer proposals in the areas of liquidity and risk management; accounting and valuation of financial derivatives; role, methodologies and use of credit rating agencies in structured finance; and basic supervisory principles of prudential oversight, including the treatment of off-balance sheet vehicles.  - 財務省

ＣＤＳ回路のノイズキャンセル能力は、サンプル・ホールドパルスのアクティブ期間の時間が長い程、高くなるが、近年、ＣＣＤセンサ等固体撮像素子の駆動周波数は上昇傾向にあり、ＣＤＳのノイズキャンセル能力にとって、厳しい条件となることが多く、また、このような背景に加え、撮像部の各ブロックが他のブロックの負荷変動の影響を受けた場合、ＣＣＤ画素信号のＤＣレベルが大きく乱れ、ＣＤＳ回路でノイズキャンセルすることは不可能となってしまう。例文帳に追加

To provide an imaging apparatus the driving method of the imaging section of which is adjusted in a way that the noise canceling capability of a CDS (correlation double sampling) circuit is enhanced and the image quality can be maintained. - 特許庁

本方法は、第一の画像における主題又は背景の知覚的に顕著な特徴を自動的に提供するステップと、第二の画像における主題又は背景の知覚的に顕著な特徴を自動的に提供するステップと、第二の画像における主題又は背景に対する第一の画像における主題又は背景の知覚的に顕著な特徴を比較するステップと、それに応じて出力を提供するステップと、を含む。例文帳に追加

The method includes the steps of automatically providing perceptually significant features of main subject or background of a first image; automatically providing perceptually significant features of main subject or background of a second image; automatically comparing the perceptually significant features of the main subject or the background of the first image to the main subject or the background of the second image; and providing an output in response thereto. - 特許庁

これらの傾向は、輸出からノックダウン生産、現地への本格的な生産工場の進出といった国際分業関係が、NIEs及びASEAN４と同様、中国においても進展してきていること等を背景に、製品・半製品といった分野から高機能素材・部品等へ貿易構造の中心がシフトするという国際分業形態の深化が、日本と中国との関係においても表れ始めているためと考えられる。例文帳に追加

These trends seem to be an indication of the deepening of international specialization relationships between Japan and China, demonstrated by the shift in the trade structure from products/partially completed products to highly functional materials/parts. This shift, in turn, is in line with the development of international specialization relations with China, which is changing its role from export destination to a location for knockdown production and to full-fledged production in local plants, in the same way as NIEs and ASEAN 4 countries. - 経済産業省

世界的な貿易投資の自由化の進展、各国・地域における規制緩和や民営化、IT等の技術革新の発展によって、製品・技術開発や市場及び経営資源の獲得等をめぐる企業の国境を越えた競争が激化し、企業戦略にとってスピードが競争優位に立つための重要な要因となってきたこと等を背景に、近年の世界の直接投資は拡大傾向にあり、その中でも、クロスボーダーM&Aは1990年代以降急速に増加してきた。例文帳に追加

Cross-border corporate competition has intensified in product and technology development as well as in the acquisition of markets and management resources. These trends are the result of the liberalization of trade and investment on a global scale, deregulation and privatization in each country and region, and the progress of technological innovation such as information technology (IT). Amidst these circumstances, worldwide FDI has been on the rise in recent years, especially cross-border M&A, which has surged since the 1990s. Underlying this expansion is the fact that speed has become one of the crucial factors in a corporate strategy that secures competitive advantage. - 経済産業省

その背景には、このビジネスモデルでは、公開情報に基づいて巨額の運用資金を迅速に世界中の有望な投資対象に展開させることで高収益をあげる一方で、いったん、投資先の懸念を伝える情報や憶測が伝わると、即座に資金を引き上げ、他の投資対象に振り向ける、現金化して利益を確定させるといった行動が日常的に行われ、資産価格が急激に変化することがあると考えられる。例文帳に追加

The thinking behind this is that, while in this business model, good returns can be gained by quickly spreading enormous sums of managed funds to promising investments around the world based on disclosed information, at the same time, if information or speculation that conveys concerns about a particular investment is circulated, investors can immediately retrieve their funds and either redirect them to other investments or convert them into cash and lock in profits. This kind of behavior happens on a daily basis, and so asset prices can change suddenly. - 経済産業省

このように、欧米の金融政策の行方や欧州財政問題、中国の更なる金融引締め姿勢など、世界経済の不透明さが存在するにもかかわらず、市場では、中東・北アフリカ情勢の緊迫化による原油の供給逼迫懸念の継続、金融システムの回復や新興国の経済活動の活発化、先進国の信用回復等を背景に、世界的な景気拡大見通しが維持され、原油相場の上昇が続いた。例文帳に追加

Despite the existence of an unpredictable world economy due to uncertain prospects of monetary policies by the United States and Europe, debt problems in Europe, China's stance of further monetary tightening, maintenance of worldwide economic expansion in markets backed by continued concern about tight supply of crude oil caused by strained situation in Middle East and North Africa, recovery of the monetary systems, active economic activities in the emerging economies and confidence in the advanced economies of recovery, and the continued rise of crude oil prices. - 経済産業省

地域の独自性を活かした地域経済の再生が重視される背景には、①経済のグローバル化によって流動的となっている経済環境の下でも、持続的な発展を遂げ得る強靱な経済構造を形成する必要がある、②「三位一体の改革」に伴い、「地方にできることは地方に」という原則に従い、地域経済政策の立案を各地域自身において主体的に取り組む必要がある、ことが挙げられる。例文帳に追加

Revitalization of regional economies utilizing their unique characteristics is regarded as critical for the following reasons: (i) a resilient economic structure needs to be developed that can achieve sustainable development even in an economic environment made increasingly fluid by economic globalization; and (ii) regions need to engage proactively in the formulation of regional economic policies in line with the reform of local tax system, it is called “the Reform of the Three Major Policies,” which leaves regions to do what they can do. - 経済産業省

このような貸出し急増の背景には、国内における旺盛な投資需要があった一方で、①地方政府による商業銀行への大型プロジェクトや地元企業に対する融資拡大の強要、②2003年３月に設立された銀行監督管理委員会の全国的組織体制構築に時間を要したことによる銀行監督行政の空白、③不良債権処理の加速を喫緊の課題として課されている国有商業銀行による不良債権比率低下を意図した貸出残高（分母）の拡大等の銀行側の理由等があると考えられる42。例文帳に追加

Behind this rapid growth of lending is robust domestic demand for investment, but also at the same time it is thought that there are bank-side reasons, such as: (i) the imposition on commercial banks by regional governments of expansion in loans for large-scale projects and local enterprises; (ii) the vacuum of bank supervision administration due to the time needed to set up the nationwide organizational structure of the China Banking Regulatory Commission that was established in March 2003; and (iii) the expansion of outstanding loans (denominator) in order to lower the proportion of non-performing loans by state-owned commercial banks that have to deal with the acceleration of bad loan workout as a pressing issue.42 - 経済産業省

近年の消費動向を見ると、1998年以降の公務員給与や低所得者向け生活保証金の引上げ、大型連休の導入等、消費を下支えするための政府の積極的な財政支出等の施策にもかかわらず、国有企業改革に伴う失業の増大、将来の社会保障制度改革から生じる負担増への懸念、人口の７割近くを占める農村の所得の伸び悩み等を背景に、総じて頭打ち傾向になっている（第1-2-14図）。例文帳に追加

Looking at consumption trends in recent years, the government has implemented proactive measures such as government spending in order to support consumption. These measures included raising salaries for public officials and life guarantee benefits for low wage earners after 1998 and introducing long vacations. Despite such measures, however, the overall level of consumption has leveled off against a background of increased unemployment resulting from reform of SOEs, concerns that financial burdens will be increased in the future due to social security system reform and little growth in incomes in rural　villages which account for nearly 70 percent of the population (Fig. 1.2.14). - 経済産業省

雪月花事件（東京高裁平成１４年２月１８日判決・判時１７８６号１３６頁）では、写真の背景に写り込んだ著作物が複製といえるか否かについて、一般人の通常の注意力を基準としつつ、著作物の創作的表現内容を直接感得することができる程度に再現がされていることを要するとしており、単にある作品が特定の者の著作物であることを認識し得るかどうかとは次元が異なるものとしている。例文帳に追加

In the Setsugetsuka Case (Tokyo High Court judgment, February 18, 2002, p.136 of Hanrei Jiho Vol. 1786), the Tokyo High Court ruled that, a copyrighted work appearing in the background of a photograph only constituted a "reproduction" if the copyrighted work has been recurred to the extent that the creative essence of the reproduced work can be, in light of the normal attention of general public, directly perceived. The Tokyo High Court further held that this criterion is irrelevant to whether a certain work is identifiable as a specific copyrighted work.  - 経済産業省

第1-1-29 図及び第1-1-30 図のとおり、大震災後の我が国の電力需給の逼迫は、中小企業により大きく影響することが懸念されるが、中小企業の中には、エネルギー政策の見直しを背景にしつつ、制約をリスクではなく、環境分野に大きな需要が生まれるチャンスと捉え、地域金融機関の支援等も受けて、自社で培った技術・ノウハウを活かして支援事業に取り組む企業も見られる。例文帳に追加

As Figures 1-1-29 and 1-1-30 show, there are concerns that the tight power supply situation in Japan since the great earthquake could have a serious impact on SMEs. As the Government rethinks Japanese energy policy, however, some SMEs see these constraints not as a risk but as an opportunity that will generate significant new demand in environmental fields. With the assistance of local financial institutions, therefore, they are now moving into the environmental support business to make use of their accumulated technologies and know-how in this new arena.  - 経済産業省

高齢化や人口減少等を背景に日常の買い物に不便を感じる買い物弱者等が増加しており、こうした地域コミュニティのニーズに対応する、宅配スーパーや買い物バス等の先進的取組事例を紹介した「買い物弱者応援マニュアルver2.0」をホームページにて公表するとともに、地方公共団体が行っている買い物弱者支援関連制度を取りまとめ、併せてホームページで公表した。例文帳に追加

Population aging and decline are increasing the number of “disadvantaged shoppers” with poor access to local shops and services. The “Second edition of Shopping Accessibility Aid Manual” was therefore published on METI’s website to showcase forward-thinking initiatives (including examples of grocery delivery services and shopping shuttle bus services) being undertaken to meet the needs of disadvantaged shoppers and their communities. This was accompanied by publication of information on the various support programs provided for disadvantaged shoppers by local governments.  - 経済産業省

この背景には、この期間に大企業が正規雇用の非正規雇用への移行等の雇用のあり方の見直しを進めたのに対し、中小企業においては一般的には多数の正規雇用を長期間確保し続けることは容易でないため、それ以前から定型的な業務を中心にできる限りパートタイム労働を活用していたため、1990年代のパートタイム労働の増加はそれほど急激でなかったことがあると考えられる。例文帳に追加

This is due to the fact that whereas large enterprises overhauled their approach to employment during this period, switching from full-time to non-fulltime employment, SMEs had generally already been using part-time labor as far as possible (primarily for standard work) because of the difficulty of retaining large numbers of full-time employees in the long term. As a consequence the increase in part-time labor at SMEs in the 1990s was not especially sharp. - 経済産業省

新興国の需要増に伴う資源・エネルギー消費の拡大、地球温暖化等の環境制約の高まり等は、グローバル市場や製造業各社の競争戦略に影響を及ぼす局面を迎えている。我が国製造業が技術的優位性を背景にプレゼンスを発揮するためには、市場別マーケティングの実施と保有技術の多様なニーズへの適用化、次代の布石としての技術力強化に資する人材の育成・確保が欠かせない。例文帳に追加

An increase in the consumption of resources and energy as a result of growth in demand in emerging countries and increasing environmental constraints such as global warming have come to affect the global economy and the competition strategies of manufacturing companies. In order for the Japanese manufacturing industries to increase their presence by taking advantage of their technological superiority, they need to implement marketing activities suited to individual markets, adapt themselves to the various needs for their technologies, and develop and retain human resources that contribute to the strengthening of technological capability as a stepping stone to success in next-generation industries. - 経済産業省

また、金融危機の影響により企業の資金調達が困難となったことに加え、資源価格の大幅な下落を受け、世界の資源開発事業の勢いが鈍化（プロジェクトの減産・延期・中止）した。 一方、日系の商社や資源関連企業等の中に、相対的に資金余力があったことや円高による購買力の上昇を背景に、金融危機後も積極的に権益獲得に乗り出し、資源問題に貢献している事例も見られる（第2-2-4-10表）。例文帳に追加

Meanwhile, there are some cases where Japanese-owned trading companies and resource-related business companies have positively strived to capture rights and interests in natural resource development even after the financial crisis, by taking advantage of their comparative affluence in funds and increase of purchasing power backed by the strong yen, and have made contributions to solving natural resource issues (Figure 2-2-4-10). The impacts of the financial crisis have made it difficult for companies to raise funds, and what is worse, a material decline in natural resource prices curbed the momentum for the world’s natural resource development projects (production reductions, suspensions and discontinuances related to the projects). - 経済産業省

当然これまでもこうした議論は行われてきたが、アジア地域の主要港湾のビジネスモデルの変化によって競争環境が様変わりする中、我が国の港湾も、荷主のグローバルなサプライチェーンの構築を背景にしたリードタイムの短縮、コストダウン、セキュリティ強化に向け、物流・倉庫業等の関連産業を含めた一体的なオペレーションの追求やモーダルシフト（貨物の輸送手段の転換）への対応等を加速せざるを得ない状況になっている。例文帳に追加

Such discussions have naturally been held in the past; however, the changes in the business models of the major ports in Asia have transformed the competitive environment, and the ports in Japan, too, are now required to seek unified operations, including relevant industries such as distribution and warehousing, and to accelerate the preparation for modal shifts (changing the modes of cargo transportation) so as to allow lead time and cost reductions and security improvements to facilitate the construction of global supply chains by the cargo owners. - 経済産業省

こうした価格高騰の背景には、①アジア等新興諸国の経済成長と食料需要の拡大に起因する構造的な需給のひっ迫が存在しており、さらに②原油価格高騰や気候変動問題に対応する中でのバイオ燃料への需要拡大、③近時の国際金融資本市場の動揺の中で、国際商品市場へ投資・投機資金の流入拡大等があり、グローバル化の進展に伴ってその影響は世界全体に及んでいる。例文帳に追加

Behind the abovementioned price rise is the direct result of (1) the existence of a structurally tight supply and demand balance attributable to the economic growth and increased demand for food in emerging Asian and other countries; (2) increased demand for bio-fuels consequent to the efforts to address the issues of crude oil price rise and changes in the climate; and (3) increased investment flow and speculative funds into the global commodities market in the midst of the recent instability in the international financial capital market, which is causing a worldwide impact owing to the progress of globalization. - 経済産業省

消費者における環境意識が高まり、環境関連の規制が強化されてきていることに加え、大企業を中心に、燃料電池等の新たな技術開発プロジェクトが活発化していることや、環境負荷が小さい部品・資材を優先的に調達する「グリーン調達」10が広がっていること等を背景に、中小企業は環境に配慮した様々な製品・サービスの開発に積極的に取り組んでいると考えられる。例文帳に追加

In addition to increases in environmental awareness among consumers and the strengthening of environmental regulations, many companies, especially large enterprises, actively try to develop new technology such as fuel cells, while “green procurement,”10) which prioritizes the procurement of parts and materials with a small environmental impact, is also expanding. As a result, SMEs are also thought to be actively working to develop various environmentally friendly products and services. - 経済産業省

日本の特許出願が最近、若干減少しているが、これは、企業が守りを主眼とする大量の特許出願・取得から、中核となる事業を展開する上で有益な特許の取得へと特許出願の戦略を転換する動きが増えつつあるとともに、グローバル化の進展に伴って海外への出願を重視し、国内出願は厳選する考え方が強まりつつあることも背景にあると考えられている。例文帳に追加

The number of patent applications in Japan has recently been slightly decreasing. This is believed to be due to a shift in patent application strategies amongst Japanese businesses from placing emphasis on defensiveness by applying for and being granted large numbers of patents to focusing on gaining patents that are useful in the development of core business operations. Another reason believed to be responsible for the decrease is that with increasing globalization, businesses are placing increasing importance on applying for patents overseas and are becoming more selective about the patent applications they file domestically. - 経済産業省

一般に、資金の出し手にとって、中小企業の事業内容の評価を行ったり、事業等の実施状況をモニタリングすることは費用がかさむこと等を背景に、中小企業は主として金融機関からの借入金で資金調達をしていることが、中小企業金融の特徴とされているが、研究開発に取り組む成長初期の中小企業にとっても、金融機関からの借入れによる資金調達が中心であることが分かる。例文帳に追加

Generally, since evaluating the content of SME projects and monitoring the implementation of their projects would be costly for the lenders, sourcing funds primarily from financial institutions in the form of loans is considered to be a characteristic of SME fund procurement, and so it is understandable that early growth phase SMEs that carry out research and development also use loans from financial institutions as their primary source of funding. - 経済産業省

こうした統計上の不整合の背景について、BISでは、①受入国側のデータではオフショアでの取引が含まれておらず、OPEC諸国の購入した対外資産が過小評価される傾向があること、②産油国における相互の対外投資が活発化していること、③近年、国際資本移動において重要な役割を果たしている一方で、投資顧客に関する情報開示義務のないヘッジファンド等にオイルマネーの一部が流れている可能性があること、を指摘している。例文帳に追加

Regarding the background for this statistical incongruity, BIS points out that (1) data provided by countries accepting capital do not include offshore trading, and accordingly, external assets purchased by OPEC countries tend to be underestimated, (2)mutual external investment among oil producing countries has become active, and (3) part of oil money may have flowed into hedge funds, etc. which have played an important role in international capital movement in recent years but for which information disclosure to investment customers is not obligatory. - 経済産業省