droneとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /dɹəʊn/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /dɹoʊn/
• 韻: -əʊn

語源 1

From Middle English drane, from 古期英語 drān, from Proto-West Germanic *drānu, from Proto-Germanic *drēniz, *drēnuz, *drenô (“an insect, drone”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēn- (“bee, drone, hornet”).

Cognate with:

• Dutch drone (“male bee または wasp”),
• Low German drone (“drone”),
• German Drohne, dialectal German Dräne, Trehne, Trene (“drone”),
• Danish drone (“drone”),
• Swedish drönje, drönare (“drone”).

In sense “unmanned aircraft”, due to early military UAVs dumbly flying on preset paths.^[1] The verb sense derives from this sense.

名詞

drone (複数形 drones)

1. A male ant, bee or wasp, which does not work but can fertilize the queen bee.
   • 1697, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 403869432:

     All with united force combine to drive / The lazy drones from the laborious hive.

2. (now rare) Someone who does not work; a lazy person, an idler.
   • 1596-97, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act II, Scene v^[2]:

     SHYLOCK:

     The patch is kind enough, but a huge feeder,

     Snail-slow in profit, and he sleeps by day

     More than the wild-cat; drones hive not with me;

     Therefore I part with him; and part with him

     To one what I would have him help to waste

     His borrowed purse. […]

   • 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, p. 117:

     he that gathereth not every day as much as I doe, the next day shall be set beyond the river, and be banished from the Fort as a drone, till he amend his conditions or starve.

   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 54573970:

     by living as a drone, to be an unprofitable or unworthy member of so learned and noble a society

3. One who performs menial or tedious work.

   Synonym: drudge

4. (aviation) A remotely controlled aircraft, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

   Synonyms: UAV, UAS

   Hyponym: quadcopter

   Several images of the compound were obtained via a drone overflight.

   One team member launched a camera drone over the Third Pole.

   • 2012 October 25, Scott Shane, “Drone Strikes to Be Investigated”, in New York Times‎^[3]:

     The United Nations is setting up a unit to investigate American drone strikes and other targeted killings of terrorist suspects, Ben Emmerson, the United Nations special rapporteur on counterterrorism and human rights, said Thursday.

   • 2012 December 1, “An internet of airborne things”, in The Economist‎^[4], volume 405, number 8813, page 3 (Technology Quarterly):

     A farmer could place an order for a new tractor part by text message and pay for it by mobile money-transfer. A supplier many miles away would then take the part to the local matternet station for airborne dispatch via drone.

   • 2013 June 7, Ed Pilkington, “‘Killer robots’ should be banned in advance, UN told”, in The Guardian Weekly‎^[5], volume 188, number 26, page 6:

     In his submission to the UN, [Christof] Heyns points to the experience of drones. Unmanned aerial vehicles were intended initially only for surveillance, and their use for offensive purposes was prohibited, yet once strategists realised their perceived advantages as a means of carrying out targeted killings, all objections were swept out of the way.

   • 2017 October 17, Christina Caron, “After Drone Hits Plane in Canada, New Fears About Air Safety”, in New York Times‎^[6]:

     In April, as an Air Canada Jazz flight was landing at Trudeau Airport, a drone came so close the pilot was able to identify it as a quadcopter.

   • 2020 May 20, Paul Stephen, “NR beats floods to secure tracks to Drax”, in Rail, page 58, photo caption:

     NR made extensive use of drones, helicopters and a team of divers to inspect the flood-damaged section of embankment that forced the closure of one of the lines into Drax from February 6-April 20.

使用する際の注意点

• In sense “unmanned aircraft”, primarily used informally of military aircraft or consumer radio controlled quadcopters, without precise definition.^[1]

派生した語

• → Asturian: dron
• → Polish: dron
• → Portuguese: drone
• → Spanish: dron

動詞

drone (三人称単数 現在形 drones, 現在分詞 droning, 過去形および過去分詞形 droned)

1. (transitive, colloquial) To kill with a missile fired by unmanned aircraft.
   • 2014, Colin Campbell, “Bill Ayers To Obama: 'Stop Droning People'”, in Business Insider‎^[7]:

     "I have a lot of advice for him," Ayers said in the interview, aired Tuesday night. "I want him to stop droning people. I want him to close Guantanamo. I want universal healthcare. Don't you think we deserve universal healthcare? Seriously."

   • 2016, David Moye, “Trevor Noah: If Trump Is Elected, He’ll Wage ‘Warsuits’”, in Huffington Post‎^[8]:

     “He won’t be waging wars all the world ― he’ll be waging ‘warsuits,’” Noah said. “Droning people with subpoenas all over the globe.”

   • 2018, David Weigel, “The new ‘Dr. No’: Rep. Justin Amash, marooned in Congress”, in Washington Post‎^[9]:

     “Are we still droning people? Yeah,” he said. “Are we still running covert operations that weren’t authorized by Congress? Yeah. Is the government still spying on Americans without warrants? Without due process. Yeah. When some libertarians talk about the great accomplishments we’re seeing on foreign policy, I don’t know what they’re talking about. Reaching out to these guys is one thing, but you have to move down the court. [Trump] actually made it harder for us to have a good relationship with Russia.”

語源 2

From Middle English drounen (“to roar, bellow”), from Proto-West Germanic *drunnjan, from Proto-Germanic *drunjaną (“to drone, roar, make a sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to roar, hum, drone”).

Cognate with Scots drune (“to drone, moan, complain”), Dutch dreunen (“to drone, boom, thud”), Low German drönen (“to drone, buzz, hum”), German dröhnen (“to roar, boom, rumble”), Danish drøne (“to roar, boom, peel out”), Swedish dröna (“to low, bellow, roar”), Icelandic drynja (“to roar”).

動詞

drone (三人称単数 現在形 drones, 現在分詞 droning, 過去形および過去分詞形 droned)

1. To produce a low-pitched hum or buzz.
2. To speak in a monotone way.

名詞

drone (複数形 drones)

1. A low-pitched hum or buzz.
   • 1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows

     He chanted as he flew and the car responded with sonorous drone.

2. (music) One of the fixed-pitch pipes on a bagpipe.
3. (music, uncountable) A genre of music that uses repeated lengthy droning sounds.
4. A humming or deep murmuring sound.
   • 1847 November 1, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline, a Tale of Acadie, Boston, Mass.: William D. Ticknor & Company, OCLC 12526426, (please specify either |part=I または II):

     The monotonous drone of the wheel.

Further reading

• drone (bee) on Wikipedia.
• drone (aircraft) on Wikipedia.

参照

アナグラム

• Doner, Roden, doner, nerdo, orned, redon, renod, ronde