PINとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: pĭn, IPA^(key): /pɪn/, [pʰɪn]
• 韻: -ɪn
• Homophone: pen (pin-pen merger)

語源 1

From Middle English pinne, from 古期英語 pinn (“pin, peg, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint- (“protruding point, peak, peg, pin, nail”), from Proto-Indo-European *bend- (“protruding object, pointed peg, nail, edge”). Related to pen (“enclosure”).

Cognate with Dutch pin (“peg, pin”), Low German pin, pinne (“pin, point, nail, peg”), German Pinn, Pinne (“pin, tack, peg”), Bavarian Pfonzer, Pfunzer (“sharpened point”), Danish pind (“pin, pointed stick”), Norwegian pinn (“stick”), Swedish pinne (“peg, rod, stick”), Icelandic pinni (“pin”). More at pintle.

No relation to classical Latin pinna (“fin, flipper, wing-like appendage, wing, feather”), which was extended to mean "ridge, peak, point" (compare pinnacle), and often confused with Latin penna (“wing, feather”). More at feather and pen (Etymology 3).

名詞

pin (複数形 pins)

1. A needle without an eye (usually) made of drawn-out steel wire with one end sharpened and the other flattened or rounded into a head, used for fastening.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     With pins of adamant / And chains they made all fast.

2. A small nail with a head and a sharp point.
3. A cylinder often of wood or metal used to fasten or as a bearing between two parts.

   Pull the pin out of the grenade before throwing it at the enemy.

4. (wrestling, professional wrestling) The victory condition of holding the opponent's shoulders on the wrestling mat for a prescribed period of time.
5. A slender object specially designed for use in a specific game or sport, such as skittles or bowling.
7. (informal, in the plural) A leg.

   I'm not so good on my pins these days.

8. (electricity) Any of the individual connecting elements of a multipole electrical connector.

   The UK standard connector for domestic mains electricity has three pins.

9. A piece of jewellery that is attached to clothing with a pin.
11. (US) A simple accessory that can be attached to clothing with a pin or fastener, often round and bearing a design, logo or message, and used for decoration, identification or to show political affiliation, etc.

    Synonyms: lapel pin, badge

12. (chess) Either a scenario in which moving a lesser piece to escape from attack would expose a more valuable piece to being taken instead, or one where moving a piece is impossible as it would place the king in check.
13. (golf) The flagstick: the flag-bearing pole which marks the location of a hole
14. (curling) The spot at the exact centre of the house (the target area)

    The shot landed right on the pin.

15. (archery) The spot at the exact centre of the target, originally a literal pin that fastened the target in place.
    • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iv:

      For kings are clouts that euery man ſhoots at,
      Our Crowne the pin that thouſands ſeeke to cleaue.

    • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

      the very pin of his heart cleft

16. (obsolete) A mood, a state of being.
    • c. 1631–1633 (first performance), [John Clavell], John Henry Pyle Pafford and W[alter] W[ilson] Greg, editors, The Soddered Citizen (The Malone Society Reprints; 82), London: […] [F]or the Malone Society by John Johnson at the Oxford University Press, published 1936, →OCLC, Act II, scene v, folio 14^a, lines 1030–1032, page 45:

      Hee sett Promethius, on a merrye pynn, / Whoe dranke soe devillishly, that there he gott / A terrible heartburninge, […]

    • 1653, Henry More, An Antidote against Atheisme, or An Appeal to the Natural Faculties of the Minde of Man, whether There Be Not a God, London: […] Roger Daniel, […], →OCLC:

      he had made the sign of the Cross on his head; for he was then on a merry pin and full of jearing

17. One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient drinking cup to mark how much each person should drink.
18. (medicine, obsolete) Caligo.
    • c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

      Blind with the pin and web

19. A thing of small value; a trifle.
    • 1712 February 18 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison; Richard Steele [et al.], “THURSDAY, February 7, 1711–1712”, in The Spectator, number 295; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume III, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:

      He […] did not care a pin for her.

20. A peg in musical instruments for increasing or relaxing the tension of the strings.
21. (engineering) A short shaft, sometimes forming a bolt, a part of which serves as a journal.
22. The tenon of a dovetail joint.
23. (UK, brewing) A size of brewery cask, equal to half a firkin, or eighth of a barrel.
24. (informal) A pinball machine.

    I spent most of my time in the arcade playing pins.

    • 1949, Billboard, volume 61, page 82:

      Attracted by game operation, many invested heavily in pins and rolldowns prior to last spring.

25. (locksmithing) A small cylindrical object which blocks the rotation of a pin-tumbler lock when the incorrect key is inserted.

同意語

• (small nail): nail, tack
• (cylinder of wood または metal): peg
• (games): skittle
• (jewellery fastened with a pin): brooch

下位語

• (jewellery fastened with a pin): breastpin
• (chess): absolute pin, relative pin, partial pin

派生語

派生した語

• → Norwegian Nynorsk: pins
• → Polish: pin
• → Spanish: pin
• → Swahili: pini
• → Swedish: pin, pins

参考

• needle

動詞

pin (三人称単数 現在形 pins, 現在分詞 pinning, 過去形および過去分詞形 pinned)

1. (often followed by a preposition such as "to" または "on") To fasten or attach (something) with a pin.
2. (chess, usually passive) To cause (a piece) to be in a pin.
3. (wrestling) To pin down (someone).

   He pinned his opponent on the mat.

4. To enclose; to confine; to pen; to pound.
5. (computing, graphical user interface, transitive) To attach (an icon, application, message etc.) to another item so that it persists.

   Antonym: unpin

   to pin a folder to the taskbar

6. (programming, transitive) To fix (an array in memory, a security certificate, etc.) so that it cannot be modified.

   Antonym: unpin

   When marshaling data, the interop marshaler can copy or pin the data being marshaled.

   • 2012, Ian Griffiths, Programming C# 5.0, page 244:

     […] you can use the GCHandle class mentioned earlier to pin a heap block until you explicitly unpin it.

7. (transitive) To cause an analog gauge to reach the stop pin at the high end of the range.

   Synonym: peg

   • 1979, Al Greenwood; Lou Gramm, “Rev on the Red Line”, in Head Games:

     Now I need to pin those needles.

Conjugation

派生語

動詞

pin (三人称単数 現在形 pins, 現在分詞 pinning, 過去形および過去分詞形 pinned)

1. Alternative form of peen

アナグラム

• NIP, NPI, Nip, nip