英和和英

別の表記

• præsent (archaic)
• ps. (abbreviation, grammar)

発音

• (adjective, noun)
  • (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) enPR: prĕzʹənt, IPA: /ˈpɹɛz.ənt/
  • (Australia, New Zealand) IPA: /ˈpɹez.ənt/
  • ハイフネーション: pres‧ent
  • 韻: -ɛzənt
• (verb)
  • (Received Pronunciation) enPR: prĭzĕnt', IPA: /pɹɪˈzɛnt/
  • (General American) IPA: /pɹɪˈzɛnt/
  • (米国発音) IPA: /pɹiˈzɛnt/
  • (Canada) IPA: /pɹɪˈzɛnt/, /pɹəˈzɛnt/
  • (Australia) IPA: /pɹɪˈzent/
  • (New Zealand) IPA: /pɹəˈzent/
  • ハイフネーション: pre‧sent
  • 韻: -ɛnt
• (past of "presend")
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pɹiːˈsɛnt/
  • (General American, Canada) IPA: /pɹiˈsɛnt/

語源 1

From 中期英語 present, from Old French present, from Latin praesent-, praesens, present participle of praeesse (“to be present”), from Latin prae- (“pre-”) + esse (“to be”). Displaced 古期英語 andweard (“present, current”).

形容詞

present (comparative more present, superlative most present)

1. Relating to now, for the time being; current.

   Synonyms: current; see also Thesaurus:present

   Coordinate terms: future, past

   The barbaric practice continues to the present day.

   The present manager has been here longer than the last one.

   up to the present day

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     All this was extraordinarily distasteful to Churchill. It was ugly, gross. Never before had he felt such repulsion when the vicar displayed his characteristic bluntness or coarseness of speech. In the present connexion  […] such talk had been distressingly out of place.

2. Located in the immediate vicinity.

   Synonyms: close, nearby; see also Thesaurus:near

   Antonym: absent

   Only half of all present members were present at the meeting.

   Is there a doctor present?

   Several people were present when the event took place.

   Being the leader, Jason is always present at class.

3. (obsolete) Having an immediate effect (of a medicine, poison etc.); fast-acting. [16th–18th c.]

   Synonym: presentaneous

   Antonym: slow-acting

   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Alteratiues and Corials, corroborating, reſoluing the reliques, and mending the Temperament”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 5, member 1, subsection 5:

     Amongſt this number of Cordials and Alteratiues, J doe not find a more preſent remedy, then a cup of wine, or ſtrong drinke, and if it be ſoberly and opportunely vſed.

4. (obsolete) Not delayed; immediate; instant.

   Synonyms: instantaneous; see also Thesaurus:instantaneous

   Antonyms: delayed; see also Thesaurus:delayed

   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

     Sign me a present pardon for my brother,

   • 1636, Philip Massinger, The Bashful Lover:

     An ambassador […] desires a present audience.

5. (dated) Ready; quick in emergency.

   a present wit

6. (obsolete) Favorably attentive; propitious.
   • 1697, Virgil, “Pastoral 1”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     to find a god so present to my prayer

7. Relating to something a person is referring to in the very context, with a deictic use similar to the demonstrative adjective this.

   Near-synonyms: this (determiner), this (pronoun), current

   in the present study; the present article; the present results

8. Attentive; alert; focused.

   Synonyms: audient, heedful, reckful

   Antonyms: distracted, inattentive

   Sorry, I was distracted just now, I'll try to be more present from now on.

9. (politics) Neither for or against (used in voting to express abstention).

派生語

関連する語

名詞

present (plural presents)

1. The current moment or period of time.

   Synonyms: now; see also Thesaurus:the present

2. (grammar) The present tense.

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 presenten, from Old French presenter, from Latin praesentāre (“to show”), from praesent-, praesens, present participle of praeesse (“be in front of”).

名詞

present (plural presents)

1. A gift, especially one given for birthdays, Christmas, anniversaries, graduations, weddings, or any other special occasions.

   wedding present;   birthday present

   Oh! Thank you for the presents! How considerate of you!

   Only his friends attended his birthday party. They're all broke, so he got no present.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     “A very welcome, kind, useful present, that means to the parish. By the way, Hopkins, let this go no further. We don't want the tale running round that a rich person has arrived. Churchill, my dear fellow, we have such greedy sharks, and wolves in lamb's clothing. […]”

2. (military) The position of a soldier in presenting arms.

   The platoon stands at present.

   He was at present near the headquarters gates.

3. (colloquial, euphemistic, endearing) Poo; feces.

   I think our toddler's just left us a little present in his diaper...

   She has to deal with her cats' presents in the litterboxes on a daily basis, and she doesn't mind one bit.

派生語

派生した語

• → Japanese: プレゼント (purezento)

動詞

present (third-person singular simple present presents, present participle presenting, simple past and past participle presented)

1. (ditransitive) To bring (someone) into the presence of (a person); to introduce formally. [from 14th c.]

   to present an envoy to the king

2. (intransitive) To appear or represent oneself outwardly.

   With your shabby attire, you do not present well as a prospective investment banking associate!

3. (transitive) To nominate (a member of the clergy) for an ecclesiastical benefice; to offer to the bishop or ordinary as a candidate for institution. [from 14th c.]
4. (transitive) To offer (a problem, complaint) to a court or other authority for consideration. [from 14th c.]
5. (transitive, now rare) To charge (a person) with a crime or accusation; to bring before court. [from 14th c.]
   • 1971, Sir Keith Vivian Thomas, “3. The Impact of the Reformation”, in Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in popular beliefs in sixteenth and seventeenth century England‎, 1st edition, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Orion Publishing Group, Limited; Folio Society, published 1971, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 74–75:

     In the diocese of Gloucester in 1548 two inhabitants of Slimbridge were presented for saying that holy oil was ‘of no virtue but meet to grease sheep’.

6. (reflexive) To come forward, appear in a particular place or before a particular person, especially formally. [from 14th c.]
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 1:6:

     Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the lord.

7. (transitive) To put (something) forward in order for it to be seen; to show, exhibit. [from 14th c.]
   • 1712 May, [Alexander Pope], “The Rape of the Locke. An Heroi-comical Poem.”, in Miscellaneous Poems and Translations. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, canto:

     So ladies in romance assist their knight, / Present the spear, and arm him for the fight.

   • 2020, NFL rule 7 section 4 article 7[2]:

     Note: The offensive team must present a legal formation both before and after a shift.

8. (transitive) To make clear to one's mind or intelligence; to put forward for consideration. [from 14th c.]
   • 1927, Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, “II. The Adventure of the Blanched Soldier”, in The Case Book of Sherlock Holmes‎, published 1927, →OCLC, page 49:

     I do begin to realize that the matter must be presented in such a way as may interest the reader.

   • 2012 January, Steven Sloman, “The Battle Between Intuition and Deliberation”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 8 January 2012, page 74:

     Libertarian paternalism is the view that, because the way options are presented to citizens affects what they choose, society should present options in a way that “nudges” our intuitive selves to make choices that are more consistent with what our more deliberative selves would have chosen if they were in control.

9. (transitive) To put on, stage (a play etc.). [from 16th c.]

   The theater is proud to present the Fearless Fliers.

10. (transitive, military) To point (a firearm) at something, to hold (a weapon) in a position ready to fire. [from 16th c.]
11. (reflexive) To offer oneself for mental consideration; to occur to the mind. [from 16th c.]

    Well, one idea does present itself.

12. (intransitive, medicine) To come to the attention of medical staff, especially with a specific symptom. [from 19th c.]

    The patient presented with insomnia.

    Symptoms typically present in early childhood.

13. (intransitive, medicine) To appear (in a specific way) for delivery (of a fetus); to appear first at the mouth of the uterus during childbirth. [from 18th c.]
14. (intransitive, with "as") To appear or represent oneself (as having a certain gender).

    At that time, Elbe was presenting as a man.

    • August 24 2021, Shon Faye, “‘I feel like it’s quite shaky acceptance’: trans kids and the fight for inclusion”, in The Guardian:

      In May 2019, a case was referred to the high court in which social workers for Lancashire county council had sought orders against the parents of two trans children to take the children into care. Social services were alerted when H, the couple’s three-year-old foster child, born male, had gone into school presenting as a girl.

15. (transitive) To act as presenter on (a radio, television programme etc.). [from 20th c.]

    Anne Robinson presents "The Weakest Link".

16. (transitive) To give a gift or presentation to (someone). [from 14th c.]

    Synonyms: compliment, bestow

    She was presented with an honorary degree for her services to entertainment.

    • 1980, William Cowper, “The Vicissitudes Experienced in a Christian Life”, in Baird, John D., Ryskamp, Charles, editors, The poems of William Cowper (Cantique; 69)‎, revised edition, volume 3, quoted in translated from Madame Guyon and published in 1801, Oxford; New York City: Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →ISSN Invalid ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 91, lines 117–120:

      Live thou, and reign, forever, glorious Lord! / My last, least off’ring, I present thee now— / Renounce me, leave me, and be still ador’d! / Slay me, my God, and I applaud the blow.

17. (transitive) To deliver (something abstract) as though as a gift; to offer. [from 14th c.]

    I presented my compliments to Lady Featherstoneshaw.

18. (transitive) To hand over (a bill etc.) to be paid. [from 15th c.]
19. (intransitive, zoology) To display one's female genitalia in a way that signals to others that one is ready for copulation. Also referred to as lordosis behaviour. [from 20th c.]
20. (fandom slang) In omegaverse fiction, to have one's secondary sex (alpha, omega, or beta) become apparent, typically at puberty. [from 21st c.]
    • 2018, Ninna Ilias, "Reimagining Sherlock Holmes: A Study in Gender Performativity", thesis submitted to Radboud University, page 59:

      Sherlock’s gender performance itself remains unchanged, with the exception of the hormonal changes he goes through after presenting as an omega.

    • 2019, Tessa Baron, "Just Go Find Yourself a Nice Alpha: Gender and Consent in Supernatural Fandom's Alpha/Beta/Omega Universe", thesis submitted to Oregon State University, page 17:

      People “present” their secondary genders during puberty, so girls and boys are raised without knowing if they will be alphas, betas, or omegas.

    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:present.

派生語

語源 3

From presend + -t.

動詞

present

1. simple past and past participle of presend

Further reading

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “present”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia:, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “present”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “present”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• Serpent, penster, repents, respent, serpent