英和和英

接尾辞

-form

1. Having the shape or form of; looking like.

   vermiform (“shaped like a worm”)

別の表記

• -iform (with interfix -i-)

同意語

• (looking like): quasi-, para-, -oid, -esque, -ish, -ly, -some, -y, (restricted to casual registers) -ass, (forms adjectives from nouns only) -like

派生語

関連する語

• -iformes

語源 2

From formic, from Latin formica (“ant”).

接尾辞

-form

1. Related to formic acid in some way.

   chloroform

派生語

アナグラム

• MoRF, from

別の表記

• forme (printing, otherwise obsolete)

語源

From 中期英語 forme (“shape, figure, manner, bench, frame, seat, condition, agreement, etc.”), borrowed from Old French forme, from Latin fōrma (“shape, figure, image, outline, plan, mold, frame, case, etc., manner, sort, kind, etc.”).

In sense "division grouping school students" (now dated), derived from public school nomenclature later adopted by state schools. It is sometimes said to be from the sense of "bench", where students of certain ages would sit together, though this is disputed, or alternatively from the sense of "established method of expression or practice".

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: fôrm, IPA: /fɔːm/
• (General American) enPR: fôrm, IPA: /fɔɹm/, [fo̞ɹm]
• (without the horse–hoarse merger, rhotic) IPA: /fo(ː)ɹm/
• ハイフネーション: form
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)m

名詞

form (countable and uncountable, plural forms)

1. (heading, physical) To do with shape.
   1. The shape or visible structure of a thing or person.
      • 1699, William Temple, Heads designed for an essay on conversations‎:

        Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.

      • 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:

        The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. […] Roaring, leaping, pouncing, the tempest raged about the wanderers, drowning and blotting out their forms with sandy spume.

      • 2013 May 10, Audrey Garric, “Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 22, page 30:

        As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field.

   2. A thing that gives shape to other things as in a mold.
   3. Regularity, beauty, or elegance.
   4. (philosophy) The inherent nature of an object; that which the mind itself contributes as the condition of knowing; that in which the essence of a thing consists.
   5. Characteristics not involving atomic components. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
   6. (dated) A long bench with no back.
      • 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XX, Chapter iv, leaf 401v:

        And there with syr Launcelot wrapped his mantel aboute his arme wel and surely and by thenne they had geten a grete fourme oute of the halle and there with all they rasshed at the dore […] .

      • 1585–1586 January 18, chapter LXIII, in [William Greenwell], editor, Wills and Inventories from the Registry at Durham. Part II (The Publications of the Surtees Society; XXXVIII), Durham: George Andrews, Durham; London: Whittaker and Co.; T. and W. Boone; Edinburgh: Blackwood and Sons, published 1860, →OCLC, page 132:

        In the hall. One large table, with frame. 10s. ij cobbordes 8s. j fourme, j chaire, and j kenninge measure, 12d.

      • 1981, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York, published 2007, page 10:

        I can see the old schoolroom yet: the broken-down desks and the worn-out forms with knots in that got stuck into your backside […].

      • 2010, Stephen Fry, The Fry Chronicles: An Autobiography:

        The prefect grabbed me by the shoulders and steered me down a passageway, and down another and finally through a door that led into a long, low dining-room crowded with loudly breakfasting boys sitting on long, shiny oak forms, as benches used to be called.

   7. (fine arts) The boundary line of a material object. In painting, more generally, the human body.
   8. (crystallography) The combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol. It is not necessarily a closed solid.
2. (social) To do with structure or procedure.
   1. An order of doing things, as in religious ritual.
   2. Established method of expression or practice; fixed way of proceeding; conventional or stated scheme; formula.
      • 1697, Virgil, “(please specify the book number)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

        Those whom form of laws
        Condemned to die.

      • 1897, Richard Marsh, The Beetle:

        [H]e sprang into the road, without previously going through the empty form of advising the driver of his intention, to pick [his hat] up.

   3. Constitution; mode of construction, organization, etc.; system.

      a republican form of government

   4. Show without substance; empty, outside appearance; vain, trivial, or conventional ceremony; conventionality; formality.

      a matter of mere form

      • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii]:

        Though well we may not pass upon his life
        Without the form of justice.

   5. (archaic) A class or rank in society.
      • a. 1716 (date written), [Gilbert] Burnet, edited by [Gilbert Burnet Jr.], Bishop Burnet’s History of His Own Time. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] Thomas Ward […], published 1724, →OCLC:

        ladies of a high form

   6. (UK) Past history (in a given area); a habit of doing something.
      • 2011 May 4, Jane Martinson, The Guardian:

        It's fair to say she has form on this: she has criticised David Cameron's proposal to create all-women shortlists for prospective MPs, tried to ban women wearing high heels at work as the resulting pain made them take time off work, and tried to reduce the point at which an abortion can take place from 24 to 21 weeks.

      • 2023 July 4, Marina Hyde, “Who’s for political Bazball with Rishi? Voters? Tories? Anyone?”, in The Guardian‎:

        As for the notion that it’s not how Sunak would have won, that doesn’t mean a whole lot coming from a guy whose recent form includes losing to Liz Truss.

   7. Level of performance.

      The team's form has been poor this year.

      The orchestra was on top form this evening.

   8. (UK, education) A class or year of school pupils.
   9. (UK, education, dated) A numbered division grouping school students (usually every two years) in education between Years 1 and 13 (often preceded by an ordinal number to specify the form, as in sixth form). [from 1550s]
      • 1653, Corderius, Colloquia scholastica Anglo-Latina, […] 1653‎, page 220:

        Nathaniel: Maister, there is nobody to teach in the sixth form.
        Maister: What a thing is this?
        N: He is sick in bed.
        M: How do you know?
        N: One of the scholars in his house told me so.

      • 1880, Charles Kingsley, Out of the Deep: Words for the Sorrowful‎, London: Macmillan & Co., page 190:

        I am a very weak, insufficient scholar, sitting on the lowest form in Thy great school-house, which is the whole world, and trying to spell out the mere letters of Thy alphabet […]

      • 1928, George Bickerstaff, The mayor, and other folk:

        One other day after afternoon school, Mr. Percival came behind me and put his hand on me. "Let me see, what's your name? Which form are you in? […]"

      • 1976, Ronald King, School and college: studies of post-sixteen education:

        From the sixth form will come the scholars and the administrators.

3. A blank document or template to be filled in by the user.

   To apply for the position, complete the application form.

4. A specimen document to be copied or imitated.
5. (grammar) A grouping of words which maintain grammatical context in different usages; the particular shape or structure of a word or part of speech.

   participial forms;  verb forms

6. The den or home of a hare.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 29, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     Being one day a hunting, I found a Hare sitting in her forme […].

   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
     , I.iii.1.2:

     The Egyptians therefore in their hieroglyphics expressed a melancholy man by a hare sitting in her form, as being a most timorous and solitary creature.

   • 1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 275:

     Hares left their snug ‘forms’ in the cold grass.

7. (computing, programming) A window or dialogue box.
   • 1998, Gary Cornell, Visual Basic 6 from the ground up, page 426:

     While it is quite amazing how much one can do with Visual Basic with the code attached to a single form, to take full advantage of VB you'll need to start using multiple forms and having the code on all the forms in your project interact.

   • 2010, Neil Smyth, C# Essentials:

     Throughout this chapter we will work with a form in a new project.

8. (taxonomy) An infraspecific rank.
9. (printing, dated) The type or other matter from which an impression is to be taken, arranged and secured in a chase.
   • 2010, Andrea Levy, The Long Song, Tinder Press (2017), page 382:

     And the form is inked, the paper is applied, the bed is slid, and the platen is levered down and the proof is printed.

10. (geometry) A quantic.
11. (sports, fitness) A specific way of performing a movement.

使用する際の注意点

• In accents without the horse-hoarse merger, a distinction in pronunciation was formerly made between senses 1.6 "long bench", 2.8 "class of pupils", and 6 "den", pronounced /fo(ə)ɹm/, /foəm/ (< Middle English /fuːrm/) and all other senses, pronounced /fɔː(ɹ)m/ (< Middle English /fɔrm/).

同意語

• (visible structure of a thing or person): shape; see also Thesaurus:shape
  • (visible structure of a person): figure; see also Thesaurus:physique
• (thing that gives shape to other things): cast, cookie cutter, mold, pattern
• (mode of construction): configuration, makeup; see also Thesaurus:composition
• (blank document): formular
• (pre-collegiate level): grade
• (biology): f.

派生語