英和和英

発音

• (stressed form) IPA: /fɔː(ɹ)/
• (unstressed form) IPA: /fə(ɹ)/

接頭辞

for-

1. (no longer productive) Forth: prefixed to verbs to indicate a direction of 'away', 'off', 'forth'.

   forsteal is to steal away, forloppin is being a runaway, forban is to exile, fordrive is to drive away, fortake is to take away, forthrow is to throw off, forshake is to shake off, forhow is to cast off

2. (no longer productive) Exhausting: prefixed to verbs with the sense of wearing or exhausting one's self.

   forsing is to sing to exhaustion, forwander is to wander until weary, fortravel is to tire by travelling

3. (no longer productive) Destructively: prefixed to verbs with the sense of destruction or pain.

   forhang is to hang to death, forthink is to cause distress or regret to, fordo is to kill

4. (no longer productive) Wrongly: prefixed to verbs with the sense of wrongly, amorally.

   forteach is to misteach, forswear is to commit perjury, forworship is to worship wrongly, forlead is to mislead, forlive is to live pervertedly

5. (no longer productive) Neglectfully: prefixed to verbs with the sense of abstaining from or neglecting.

   forslip is to allow someone or something to escape by letting them slip by; forslug is to lose, neglect, or destroy by sluggishness; forslack is to lose or spoil by slackness

6. (no longer productive) Very: intensifying adjectives.

   forblack is extremely black, forswollen is excessively swollen

7. (no longer productive) Making: prefixed to verbs to indicate the subject takes the character of the verb.

   fordote is to make foolish or doting, forguilt is to bring into a state of guilt

8. (no longer productive) Excessively: prefixed to verbs with the sense of doing so in excessive or overwhelm.

   forwax is to grow to excess, forgrow is to grow to excess, forhare is to affright or harry exceedingly

9. (no longer productive) Excluding: prefixed to verbs to give the sense of prohibition or exclusion.

   forjudge is to exclude by a judgment, forshut is to shut off or out, forbar is to exclude

10. (no longer productive) Intensively

    forbeat is to beat, fordread is to be in dread of, forlay is to lie in wait for

11. (no longer productive) Thoroughly: prefixed to verbs with the sense of thoroughly, all over.

    forgrow is to become grown over or become covered with growth, forbathe is to bathe abundantly or thoroughly, forseek is to seek thoroughly, forwrap is to wrap up

派生語

参照

“for-”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

語源 2

From 古期英語 for-, which is identical with the preposition "for". In "古期英語 and 中期英語 it occurs frequently as a variant of fore- prefix, with the senses ‘before’, ‘in front’, ‘on behalf of’, etc.; cf. 古期英語 for-, forecuman to come before, 中期英語 forganger and foreganger n."

接頭辞

for-

1. Alternative form of fore-.

   forstand is to stand in front of so as to bar the way, fordede is a deed done for another, forlead is alternative form of forelead (“lead forward, lead before”)

語源 3

"Occurring only in words adopted from French, as forcatch v., forfeit n., forprise n., represents Old French for-, fors-, identical with fors adv. (modern French hors) outside, out."

別の表記

• fore-

接頭辞

for-

1. (rare) Outside, out.

   foreclose is to shut out, forprise is an exception or reservation, forfeit is that which is taken from somebody in requital of a misdeed committed

参照

参考

• fore-

アナグラム

• 'fro, ORF, fro, orf

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *fra-.

発音

• IPA: /for/

接頭辞

for-

1. wrongly, away from, astray, abstention, prohibition, perversion, destruction (verbal prefix)

   forwyrċan ― to do wrong, sin

   forstandan ― to defend, protect, stand for

   forweorpan ― to throw away, cast away, reject

   forstelan ― to steal away, deprive

   fordēman ― to condemn

   forlǣdan ― to mislead; seduce

2. used to create intensified adjectives and verbs from other adjectives and verbs, with the sense of completely or fully; compare Modern English use of up

   forblāwan ― to blow up, inflate

   forbrecan ― to break up, break into pieces

   forstoppian ― to stop up, block, occlude

   forweoren ― decayed, decrepit

3. very

   forlȳtel ― very little

   foreald ― very old

使用する際の注意点

• This prefix was almost always unstressed, in both nouns and verbs.

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: for-, far-, fer-, vor-, ver-
  • English: for-
  • Scots: for-

語源

From 古期英語 for-, from Proto-West Germanic *fra-, from Proto-Germanic *fra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.

The 古期英語 prefix was reinforced by Proto-West Germanic *furi-, from Proto-Germanic *furi-; In 中期英語, this prefix is further reinforced by Old French for-, from Latin foris.

発音

• IPA: /fɔr-/

接頭辞

for-

1. Forms verbs meaning "far", "out" or with an intensive sense; for-.
2. Forms verbs denoting a failure or error; for-.
3. (no longer productive) Forms nouns with varying sense.

派生語

派生した語

• English: for-
• Scots: for-

参照

• “for-, pref.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “for-, pref.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源

Inherited from 中期英語 for, from 古期英語 for (“for, because of”), from Proto-Germanic *furi (“for”), from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-.

Cognate with West Frisian foar (“for”), Dutch voor (“for”), German für (“for”), Danish for (“for”), Swedish för (“for”), Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk for (“for”), Icelandic fyrir (“for”), Latin per (“by, through, for, by means of”) and Romance language descendants (e.g. Spanish por (“for”)), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “for, about, toward”), Lithuanian per (“by, through, during”), Slovak pre (“for”), Sanskrit परि (pári, “over, around”).

発音

• (strong form) enPR: fôr
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /fɔː/
  • (General American, Canada) IPA: /fɔɹ/
  • (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /foː/
  • (Scotland) IPA: /fɔɾ/
• (weak form) enPR: fər
  • (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA: /fə/
  • (General American, Canada) IPA: /fɚ/
  • (New Zealand) IPA: /fɘ/
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)
• 異形同音異義語: faugh (non-rhotic), faw (non-rhotic), fore, four (horse–hoarse merger), Thor (th-fronting)

接続詞

for

1. (formal, literary) Because.

   I had to stay with my wicked stepmother, for I had nowhere else to go.

   • c. 1601, William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night‎, act 3, scene 4:

     […] Dismount thy tuck, be yare in thy preparation, for thy assailant is quick, skillful and deadly.

   • 1885, Richard Francis Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night:

     […] nor is there found, in sea or on land, a sweeter or pleasanter of gifts than she; for she is prime in comeliness and seemlihead of face and symmetrical shape of perfect grace; her check is ruddy dight, her brow flower white, her teeth gem-bright, her eyes blackest black and whitest white, her hips of heavy weight, her waist slight and her favour exquisite.

   • 1900, L[yman] Frank Baum, chapter 23, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz:

     "By means of the Golden Cap I shall command the Winged Monkeys to carry you to the gates of the Emerald City," said Glinda, "for it would be a shame to deprive the people of so wonderful a ruler."

   • 1908, Jack Norworth, Albert Von Tilzer, “Take Me Out to the Ball Game”, performed by Edward Meeker:

     Let me root, root, root for the home team, / If they don't win, it's a shame. / For it's one, two, three strikes, you're out, / At the old ball game.

同意語

• given that, seeing that; see also Thesaurus:because

前置詞

for

1. Towards; in the direction of.

   The astronauts headed for the moon.

   Run for the hills!

   He was headed for the door when he remembered.

   • 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “New Atlantis. A Worke Vnfinished.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, page 1:

     Wee ſailed from Peru, (where wee had continued by the ſpace of one whole yeare,) for China and Iapan, by the South Sea; [...]

2. Leading towards in time or circumstance.

   We're heading for bankruptcy.

   He's set for graduating this year.

3. Directed at; intended to belong to.

   I have something for you.

   • 2025 March 5, Ayomari, “Blue Diamond Almonds Gets Swicy With Mike’s Hot Honey”, in Foodbeast‎, archived from the original on 6 April 2025:

     Maya Erwin, Vice President of Marketing & Innovation at Blue Diamond added in a press release: “Partnering with Mike’s Hot Honey allowed us to create something truly unique for snack lovers.

4. In order to help, benefit, gratify, honor etc. (someone or something).

   Everything I do, I do for you.

   We're having a birthday party for Janet.

   The mayor gave a speech for the charity gala.

   • 1976, Michael McDonald, “Takin' It to the Streets”, performed by The Doobie Brothers:

     You, telling me the things you're gonna do for me.

5. Befitting of someone’s beliefs, needs, wants, skills, or tastes; best suited to.

   I’ll strike a blow for you.

   If having to bag the groceries correctly is more than you can handle, then this isn't the job for you.

6. To be used or treated in a stated way, or with a stated purpose or meaning.

   This is a new bell for my bicycle.

   The cake is for Tom and Helen's anniversary.

   This medicine is for your cough.

   These apples here are for eating. The rest are for throwing away.

   I'll buy something for killing cockroaches. We must find something to kill them all.

   'Adieu' is French for goodbye.

   Hammers are for knocking nails in, not for smashing my windows!

7. Supporting, in favour of.

   Antonyms: against, at

   All those for the motion, raise your hands.

   Who's for ice-cream?

   I'm for going by train

   Ten voted for, and three against. (with implied object)

   • 1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter XI, in Great Expectations […], volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC, page 180:

     "I'll go round presently, and pay our friend off." Rather alarmed by this summary action, I was for a little delay, and even hinted that our friend himself might be difficult to deal with.

8. Because of.

   He wouldn't apologize; and just for that, she refused to help him.

   He looks better for having lost weight. (UK usage)

   She was the worse for drink.

   I like her for lots of reasons.

   I jumped for joy.

   • c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v]:

     with fiery eyes sparkling for very wrath

   • 1867, Frederick Metcalfe, The Oxonian in Iceland, page 202:

     "A summerly day for you," said my host; "You ought to be here in winter. It is impossible then to get out of the doors for the snow and wind. Ugh! dreadful weather!"

   • 1864, George Etell Sargent, The Story of a City Arab, page 313:

     I could not see his hands, for the thick gloves he wore, and his face was partially concealed by a red woollen comforter; but his entire appearance and manners tallied with what I had seen of Yorkshire farmerhood.

9. In order to cure, remove or counteract.

   I need to spray my house for termites.

   The doctor treated me for arthritis.

   We're protesting for climate change.

10. So as to allow (something or someone) to take position.

    Make way for the president!

    Clear the shelves for our new Christmas stock!

11. In anticipation of.

    Stand by for your cue.

    Prepare for battle.

12. As an evaluation of; as to evaluate in connection with.

    I am grading for style on this paper.

    History will judge you for your actions.

    We're investigating you for the robbery.

13. So as to identify or locate.

    They swept the area for enemy operatives.

    Police combed his flat for clues.

14. Over (a period of time).

    I've lived here for three years.

    They fought for days over a silly pencil.

    The store is closed for the day.

    • 1717, Joseph Addison, Metamorphoses:

      To guide the sun's bright chariot for a day.

15. Throughout or across (a distance in space).

    I can see for miles.

    • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

      For many miles about / There's scarce a bush.

16. Used to introduce a subject of a to-infinitive clause.

    It seems unreasonable for our boss to withhold our wages.

    I don't think it's a good idea for you and me to meet.

    For you and me to meet is not a good idea because I'm not eager for it to be a success.

17. On behalf of.

    I will stand in for him.

    I speak for the Prime Minister.

18. In the role or capacity of; instead of; in place of.

    I used a hay bale for a bed.

    He's got a turnip for a brain.

19. In exchange for; in correspondence or equivalence with.

    I got five hundred pounds for that old car!

    He matched me blow for blow.

    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 21:23-24:

      And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

20. In order to obtain or acquire.

    I am aiming for completion by the end of business Thursday.

    He's going for his doctorate.

    Do you want to go for coffee?

    People all over Greece looked to Delphi for answers.

    After a split second of hesitation, the second baseman leaped for the ball—or, rather, stumbled for it.

    Can you go to the store for some eggs?

    I'm saving up for a car.

    Don't wait for an answer.

    What did he ask you for?

    All this sun spoils me for vacations in the far North.

    Let's go out for dinner.

    • 1641 (first performance), [John Denham], “The Prologue”, in The Sophy. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for H[enry] Herringman, […], published 1667, →OCLC:

      For we would have you know it, / The loſs will fall on us, not on the Poet: / For he writes not for money, nor for praiſe, / Nor to be call'd a Wit, nor to wear Bayes: […]

21. By the standards of, usually with the implication that those standards are lower than one might otherwise expect; considering.

    Fair for its day.

    She's spry for an old lady.

    He's very mature, for a two-year-old.

22. To be, or as being.

    Don't take me for a fool.

    • 17th century Abraham Cowley, Of Wit

      We take a falling meteor for a star.

    • a. 1705, John Locke, “Of the Conduct of the Understanding”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC:

      if a man can be persuaded and fully assured of anything for a truth without having examined, what is there that he may not embrace for truth ?

    • c. 1690, John Dryden, Translations (Preface)

      Most of our ingenious young men take up some cry'd-up English poet for their model.

    • 1712, Ambrose Philips, The Distrest Mother:

      But let her go for an ungrateful woman.

    • 1976, Louis L’Amour, chapter 2, in The Rider of Lost Creek, Bantam Dell, →ISBN:

      They knew him for a stranger.

    • 1982 February 13, Wayne Dynes, “Unnatural”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 29, page 4:

      I would advise anyone who does not share its politics — surely the great majority of gay men and lesbians — to shun NOLAG for the anachronistic zombie it is.

23. (usually in the phrase 'for all') Despite, in spite of.

    For all his expensive education, he didn't seem very bright.

    • 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 113:

      "You must keep your head. There is still hope." "Hope!" "Yes; plentiful hope -- for all this destruction!"

    • 1892 August 6, "The Unbidden Guest", in Charles Dickens, Jr. (editor), All the Year Round, page 133,

      Mr. Joseph Blenkinshaw was perhaps not worth quite so much as was reported; but for all that he was a very wealthy man […]

    • 1968, J. J. Scarisbrick, Henry VIII, page 240:

      For all his faults, there had been something lofty and great about him - as a judge, as a patron of education, as a builder, as an international figure.

24. Indicating something desired or anticipated.

    O for the wings of a dove.

    Ah! for wings to soar …

    And now for a slap-up meal!

    • 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act PROLOGUE, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:

      O For a Muſe of Fire, that would aſcend / The brighteſt Heauen of Inuention :

    • 1858 March 27, “The Lay of the Brief”, in Punch, Or, The London Charivari, page 129:

      Oh! but to breathe the air / By their side under summer skies! To watch the blush on their cheeks, / The light in their liquid eyes. / Oh! but for one short hour, / To whisper a word of love; […]

25. (in expressions such as 'for a start') Introducing the first item(s) in a potential sequence .

    Go scuba diving? For one thing, I can't even swim.

    For another, we don't have any equipment.

26. (with names, chiefly US) In honor of; after.

    He is named for his grandfather.

27. (UK) Due for or facing (a certain outcome or fate).

    He totally screwed up that project. Now he's surely for the sack.

28. (chiefly US) Out of; used to indicate a fraction, a ratio

    In term of base hits, Jones was three for four on the day

29. (commerce) For the price of.

    Special offer: three for two.

30. (cricket) Used as part of a score to indicate the number of wickets that have fallen.

    At close of play, England were 305 for 3.

31. (obsolete) Indicating that in prevention of which, or through fear of which, anything is done.
    • 1609–1612, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “The Captaine”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act III, scene v:

      We'll have a bib, for spoiling of thy doublet.

32. (nonstandard) So (that), in order to

    He took the swing shift for he could get more overtime.

33. Used in various other more-or-less idiomatic ways to construe individual verbs, indicating various semantic relationships such as target, purpose, result, etc.; see also the entries for individual phrasal verbs, e.g. ask for, look for, stand for, etc.

    to account for one's whereabouts    to care for a relative    to settle for second best    to allow for mistakes