maskとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Borrowed from Middle French masque (“a covering to hide または protect the face”), from Italian maschera (“mask, disguise”), from (a byform of, see it for more) Medieval Latin masca, mascha, a borrowing of Proto-West Germanic *maskā from which English mesh is regularly inherited.

Replaced 古期英語 grīma (“mask”), whence grime, and displaced non-native Middle English viser (“visor, mask”) borrowed from Old French viser, visier.

Compare also Hebrew מַסֵּכָה‎ (masseiḥa).

別の表記

• masque (古風な用法, noun, verb)

名詞

mask (複数形 masks)

1. A cover, or partial cover, for the face, used for disguise or protection.

   a dancer's mask; a fencer's mask; a ball player's mask

   • 2022 March 1, Joe Biden, “Remarks of President Joe Biden – State of the Union Address As Prepared for Delivery”, in whitehouse.gov‎^[1], archived from the original on 02 March 2022:

     Just a few days ago, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—the CDC—issued new mask guidelines.
     Under these new guidelines, most Americans in most of the country can now be mask free.
     And based on the projections, more of the country will reach that point across the next couple of weeks.

2. That which disguises; a pretext or subterfuge.
   • 2021 October 26, Stephanie Zacharek, “The 19 Most Underrated Movies on Netflix”, in Time‎^[2]:

     Grouchy and wary and tender, he’s a sozzled hedonist seemingly out for himself—though his party-animal facade is just a mask for his bottomless generosity.

3. A festive entertainment of dancing or other diversions, where all wear masks; a masquerade.
   • 1667, John Milton, “(please specify the book number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     This thought might lead me through the world's vain mask.

4. A person wearing a mask.
   • 1880, George Washington Cable, The Grandissimes: A Story of Creole Life:

     the mask that has the arm of the Indian queen

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:

     Jones, now taking the mask by the hand, fell to entreating her in the most earnest manner, to acquaint him where he might find Sophia; and when he could obtain no direct answer, he began to upbraid her gently […]

5. (obsolete) A dramatic performance in which the actors wore masks and represented mythical or allegorical characters.
6. (architecture) A grotesque head or face, used to adorn keystones and other prominent parts, to spout water in fountains, and the like.

   Synonym: mascaron

7. (fortification) In a permanent fortification, a redoubt which protects the caponiere.
8. (fortification) A screen for a battery.
9. (zoology) The lower lip of the larva of a dragonfly, modified so as to form a prehensile organ.
10. (publishing, film) A flat covering used to block off an unwanted portion of a scene or image.
11. (computing, programming) A pattern of bits used in bitwise operations; bitmask.
12. (computer graphics) A two-color (black かつ white) bitmap generated from an image, used to create transparency in the image.
13. (heraldry) The head of a fox, shown face-on and cut off immediately behind the ears.

    

14. (psychology) A social phenomenon where autistic people learn, practice, and perform certain behaviors and suppress others in order to appear more neurotypical.

同意語

• vizard (古風な用法)

下位語

• (a cover for the face): domino mask, sleep mask

派生語

動詞

mask (三人称単数 現在形 masks, 現在分詞 masking, 過去形および過去分詞形 masked)

1. (transitive) To cover (the face または something else), in order to conceal the identity or protect against injury; to cover with a mask or visor.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:

     They must all be masked and vizarded

2. (transitive) To disguise as something else.
3. (transitive) To conceal from view or knowledge; to cover; to hide.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     Masking the business from the common eye

   • 1998, Rudolf Jakhel, Modern Sports Karate: Basics of Techniques and Tactics, Meyer & Meyer Sport, →ISBN:

     The opponent must not be able to recognize when we inhale and when we exhale. We achieve this by breathing with the diaphragm and we do not raise the shoulders while breathing. In particular we must mask when we are out of breath.

   • 2020, Lisa Morgan, Mary Donahue, Living with PTSD on the Autism Spectrum: Insightful Analysis with Practical Applications, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, →ISBN, page 118:

     Many autistic people have language and cognitive skills; [and] they mask their autism, cover up social discomfort, and work hard to be someone they are not, so people often see them as “fitting in” just fine.

4. (transitive, military) To conceal; also, to intervene in the line of.
5. (transitive, military) To cover or keep in check.

   to mask a body of troops or a fortess by a superior force, while some hostile evolution is being carried out

6. (intransitive) To take part as a masker in a masquerade.
   • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:

     Come Pentecost as quickly as it will,
     Some five and twenty years, and then we mask’d.

   • 1641, George Cavendish, Thomas Wolsey, Late Cardinall, his Lyffe and Deathe:

     noble Gentilmen / who daunced & masked wt thes fayer ladyes & gentillwomen

7. (intransitive) To wear a mask.
   • 2020 December 30, Jaren Kerr, “Flu almost non-existent this year as coronavirus cases rise across Canada”, in The Globe and Mail‎^[3]:

     Dr. Shelita Dattani, director of professional affairs at the Canadian Pharmacists Association, says […] . “The efforts that we’re taking to reduce the spread of COVID are working … people are masking and distancing and staying away from each other and using hand hygiene, so I think all of these efforts combined are contributing to lower rates.”

8. (intransitive, obsolete) To disguise oneself, to be disguised in any way.
   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

     Ioue sometime maſked in a ſhepheards weede,
     And by thoſe ſteps that he hath ſcal’d the heauens,
     May we become immortall like the Gods.

9. (intransitive) To conceal or disguise one's autism.
   • 2018, Sally Cat, PDA by PDAers: From Anxiety to Avoidance and Masking to Meltdowns, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, →ISBN, page 86:

     Masking is exhausting and some autistics require copious amounts of time afterwards to recover from hiding who they are and pretending to be someone they aren't. Even when autistics mask they don't always pass fully as an NT person.

   • 2021, Yenn Purkis, Wenn B. Lawson, The Autistic Trans Guide to Life, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, →ISBN, page 132:

     So, masking seems to be a very poor explanation for the difference in gender diagnosis of autism. In particular, masking requires theory of mind. How can autistic people successfully mask if they struggle with this ability?

10. (transitive) to cover or shield a part of a design or picture in order to prevent reproduction or to safeguard the surface from the colors used when working with an air brush or painting
11. (transitive, computing) To set or unset (certain bits, または binary digits, within a value) by means of a bitmask.
    • 1993, Richard E. Haskell, Introduction to computer engineering, page 287:

      That is, the lower nibble (the 4 bits 1010 = A) has been masked to zero. This is because ANDing anything with a zero produces a zero, while ANDing any bit with a 1 leaves the bit unchanged […]

12. (transitive, computing) To disable (an interrupt, etc.) by setting or unsetting the associated bit.
    • 1998, Rick Grehan, Robert Moote, Ingo Cyliax, Real-Time Programming: A Guide to 32-bit Embedded Development, page 199:

      Some hardware interrupts can be masked, or disabled; that is, the CPU is told to ignore them.

派生語

• maskable
• masked
• mask up
• unmask

関連する語

• mascara

語源 2

From Middle English maske, from 古期英語 max, masċ (“net”), from Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh, netting, mask”). Doublet of mesh and mask above.

名詞

mask (複数形 masks)

1. mesh
2. (UK dialectal, Scotland) The mesh of a net; a net; net-bag.

語源 3

From Middle English *mask, masch, from 古期英語 māx, māsc (“mash”). Doublet of mash.

名詞

mask (複数形 masks)

1. (UK dialectal) Mash.

動詞

mask (三人称単数 現在形 masks, 現在分詞 masking, 過去形および過去分詞形 masked)

1. (transitive, UK dialectal) To mash.
2. (transitive, UK dialectal) (brewing) To mix malt with hot water to yield wort.
3. (transitive, Scotland dialectal) To be infused or steeped.
4. (UK dialectal, Scotland) To prepare tea in a teapot; alternative to brew.

語源 4

From Middle English masken, short for *maskeren, malskren (“to bewilder; be confused, wander”). More at masker.

動詞

mask (三人称単数 現在形 masks, 現在分詞 masking, 過去形および過去分詞形 masked)

1. (transitive, UK dialectal) To bewilder; confuse.

アナグラム

• KAMs, ma'ks, maks