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「nigger」を含む例文一覧
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`nigger' is a dysphemistic term for `African-American'発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
'nigger'はアフリカ系アメリカ人の偽悪用語である - 日本語WordNet
He held on through the level stretch of woods for several miles, crossed a wide flat of nigger-heads,発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
男は数マイルにわたって広がる森に入り、縺れ絡まる木々の枝根をとびこえかいくぐりながら進んだ。 - Jack London『火を起こす』
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Wiktionary英語版での「nigger」の意味 |
nigger
語源
Probably immediately from French nègre or Spanish and Portuguese negro (“a black African”); ultimately from Latin niger (“black”), thus a doublet of negro and noir. Compare Danish nigger, Swedish nigger, German Nigger, Dutch nikker.
The expected Modern English pronunciation would be with /iː/; compare neger. The modern pronunciation with /ɪ/ may be due to influence from the Latin etymon (compare the older Southern US pronunciation of negro with /ɪ/), but compare the dialectal American pronunciations of eagle and eager as /ˈɪɡəl/ and /ˈɪɡɚ/.
発音
名詞
nigger (複数形 niggers, feminine niggeress)
- (offensive, ethnic slur, vulgar, see usage notes) A black person; a person of black African descent.
- Hypernyms: see Thesaurus:person of color
- 1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XV, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC, page 133:
- 1929, Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms[3], New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, page 274:
- “Othello with his occupation gone,” she teased. “Othello was a nigger,” I said.
- (offensive, ethnic slur, vulgar, slang) A person of black African descent who behaves badly or unconventionally (whether the speaker approves または disapproves).
- 2021, Dave Chapelle, The Closer:
- (Can we verify(+) this sense?) (offensive, derogatory, vulgar, slang) Someone, regardless of race, whose behavior is considered to align with any of the negative stereotypes of black people.
- (offensive, ethnic slur, vulgar, see usage notes) A member of any typically dark-skinned people (now especially in combinations like prairie nigger または sand nigger).
- 1913, Arthur Conan Doyle, “(please specify the page)”, in The Poison Belt […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
- "The public have taken no interest in the matter up to now, but this letter of Challenger's in the Times will make them wake up, I'm thinking." "And this about Sumatra?" "Well, it's a long cry from a blurred line in a spectrum to a sick nigger in Sumatra. And yet the chiel has shown us once before that he knows what he's talking about."
- 1985, Cormac McCarthy, “Chapter 10”, in blood Meridian, Random House, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- [H]e commenced to kill Indians. We needed no second invitation. God it was a butchery. At the first fire we killed a round dozen and we did not let up. Before the last poor nigger reached the bottom of the slope there was fifty-eight of them lay slaughtered among the gravels. They just slid down the slope like chaff down a hopper, some turned this way, some that, and they made a chain about the base of the mountain
- 1988, James H. Schlender, quotee, “Written Testimony of James H. Schlender, Executive Administrator, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, May 18, 1988”, in Anti-Indian Violence: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, May 4 and 18, 1988[5], Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, published 1989, →OCLC, page 197:
- At Crescent Lake in Oneida County, Hubert Locke, who is black and serves as the Dean of the University of Washington's School of Public Affairs, was confronted with words to the effect of, "Now the Commission has a nigger working for them" and "I guess there are two kinds of niggers—red niggers and black niggers"[...] These blatant manifestations of racism directed toward Mr. Locke serve to illustrate the racist attitudes experienced daily by tribal members.
- (African-American Vernacular) A friend, particularly a fellow black person (often as an informal term of address).
- (figurative, especially African-American Vernacular, otherwise offensive) A person of any kind (particularly as a term of abuse).
- 2021, Dave Chapelle, The Closer:
- People be surprised. I have friends who're all kinds a letters. Everybody loves me an' I love everybody. I got friends who are Ls, I got friends who are Bs, and I got friends who are Gs. But the Ts hate my fucking guts. And I don't blame 'em! It's not their fault. It's mine. I can't stop tellin' jokes about these niggas.
- (especially in comparisons, now offensive) A member of a group that is oppressed or marginalized in the manner of black people.
- 1979 April 14, Jil Clark (quoting Mel King), "King Axes Women's Commission", in Gay Community News, page 1:
- c. 1972 Ron Dellums, speech quoted in e.g. 2012, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 (Simon かつ Schuster, →ISBN), page 58:
- It's time for somebody to lead all of America's Niggers," he said at the Capitol Hill press conference when Shirley Chisholm announced she was running for president, "and by this I mean the Young, the Black, the Brown, the Women, the Poor—all the people who feel left out of the political process. If we can put the Nigger Vote together, we can bring about some real change in this country."}}
- 1972, John Lennon and Yoko Ono, "Woman Is the Nigger of the World" (song)
- (now offensive) Any of various dark animals:
- (now offensive) Any member of species Girella tricuspidata (luderick).
- (now offensive, dated) A dark brown nymphalid butterfly, Orsotriaena medus, of south Asia, southeast Asia, and Australia.
- 1932, Gustavus Athol Waterhouse, What Butterfly is That?: A Guide to the Butterflies of Australia, page 112:
- Nigger (Male) Orsotriaena medus moira Waterhouse and Lyell. 1914.
- (UK, Cornwall, fishing, archaic) A kind of sea cucumber, Holothuria forskali, the cotton-spinner.
- (archaic) The larva of the turnip sawfly, an agricultural pest.
- (archaic, electrical) An impurity in the covering of an electrical conductor which serves to make a partial short circuit, and thus becomes sufficiently heated to burn and destroy the insulation.
- (archaic) A strong iron-bound timber with sharp teeth or spikes protruding from its front face, forming part of the machinery of a sawmill, and used in canting logs, etc.
- 1918, Leonard L. Shertzer, How to Build and Operate a Sawmill, page 20:
- A sawyer will come along and be touted and recommended as the best in the country when his chief qualifications will be his ability to jerk the carriage back and forth in a hurry without striking the bumper or to turn the log with the nigger […]
- (archaic, US) A steam-capstan on some Mississippi river boats, used to haul the boat over bars and snags by a rope fastened to a tree on the bank.
- (film, dated) A black screen used in conjunction with the camera to block light or produce special lighting effects.
使用する際の注意点
- The word "nigger" is considered to be extremely offensive and one of the most taboo words in the English language. In a 2007 study by Kristy Beers Fägersten, undergraduates at the University of Florida were asked to rate 12 pejorative English words on a scale of 1 ('Not Offensive') to 10 ('Very Offensive'). Participants rated nigger the most offensive, nearly 2 points higher than the second-most offensive word, cunt.[1] New Zealand's Broadcasting Standards Authority conducted a study in 2010 and again in 2013 which found that nigger was the second-most offensive word in New Zealand (after cunt), offending 66% and 65% of those surveyed respectively,[2][3] and a similar study by several British broadcasting organizations found that "nigger" offended 68% of Britons and was the fifth most offensive word in the UK (after cunt, motherfucker, fuck, かつ wanker).[4]
- There have been efforts by those of African descent to reclaim the word (especially in the form nigga), but these efforts are controversial and some people do not believe it is able to be reclaimed due to its fraught history and continued derogatory usage.[5] Regardless, usage by non-blacks is still almost invariably considered highly racist and offensive.
- "Nigger" has derogatory connotations, suggesting not only white racism and negatively-perceived darkness of skin but also unfavorable attributes such as a lack of intelligence, chronic unemployment, use of government welfare, a propensity toward drug use and criminal behavior, etc.[6] It is furthermore associated with the enslavement and subordinate social status of Africans and African Americans.
- Historically, "nigger" was not necessarily always used in a specifically derogatory sense, though its use instead of black or Negro (historically a neutral term) often reflected subconscious negative attitudes towards African-Americans involving "keeping the black man in his place".[7]
- To blunt its force, the word is commonly referred to as the "n-word" and may be censored in direct quotations.
- Not to be confused with the etymologically unrelated but similar-sounding niggard (“miser”).
同意語
派生語
- antinigger
- chigger
- curry nigger
- deniggerization
- deniggerize
- farm nigger
- house nigger
- McNiggers
- n****r
- n-bomb
- nig
- nigga
- niggacide
- niggah
- Nigger
- niggerati
- niggeration
- niggerbabble
- niggerball
- niggerbitch
- niggerboy
- nigger-brown
- nigger chaser
- nigger choker
- niggercide
- niggerdick
- niggerdom
- niggerese
- niggeress
- niggerfaggot
- niggerfied
- nigger-fish
- niggerfuck
- niggerfucker
- nigger-fucker
- niggerfuxate
- niggerfuxated
- niggerfuxation
- nigger gallery
- niggergirl
- niggergram
- nigger head
- Nigger Head
- nigger-head
- niggerhead
- nigger heaven
- niggerhood
- Niggeria
- Niggerian
- nigger in the fence
- nigger in the woodpile
- niggerisation
- niggerise
- niggerish
- niggerism
- niggerization
- niggerize
- nigger-killer
- nigger killer
- nigger knocker
- nigger-knocker
- niggerless
- niggerlike
- niggerling
- niggerlips
- nigger lottery
- nigger-lover
- nigger lover
- niggerly
- niggerman
- nigger moment
- niggerness
- nigger nose
- niggerologist
- niggerology
- niggerosity
- niggerous
- nigger pennies
- nigger pool
- nigger-rich
- nigger rich
- nigger rig
- nigger-rig
- nigger-rigged
- nigger shooter
- niggerskin
- nigger stick
- nigger tobacco
- nigger toe
- Niggertown
- niggertry
- nigger twist
- nigger university
- Niggerville
- niggerwhine
- niggery
- niggie
- niggy
- niglet
- niglette
- nig-nog
- nikka
- nizzle
- n-word
- outnigger
- pizza nigger
- plantation nigger
- potato nigger
- prairie nigger
- red nigger
- red-nigger
- rice nigger
- sand-nigger
- sand nigger
- shitnigger
- spigger
- sweat like a nigger
- sweat like a nigger on election day
- swigger
- taco nigger
- teenigger
- timber nigger
- tree nigger
- white nigger
- wigger
- yellow nigger
動詞
nigger (三人称単数 現在形 niggers, 現在分詞 niggering, 過去形および過去分詞形 niggered)
- (transitive, dated) To clear land by laying light pieces of round timber across the trunks of the trees and setting fire to them at the point of contact, by which means the trees are slowly burned through.
- 1980, Elaine Hedges, William Hedges, Land and imagination: the rural dream in America, Hayden Book Co., page 69:
- This means subduing and taming the forest itself—the central drama of The Fields—performing the hard labor of hacking the trees and “niggering” and burning the butts in order to get to the rich black soil underneath.
- (transitive, dated) To exhaust (soil) by cropping it year by year without manure.
- (intransitive, now offensive) To perform in blackface.
- 1976, Cake and Cockhorse, volume 7, page 220:
- There is a general agreement that niggering took over from mummering to keep up the old custom.
- (intransitive, offensive) To behave as a stereotypical black person.
- (uncommon, transitive, offensive) To treat as inferior.
- 2003 July 16, “Mob Attacks Palestinian Pollsters Who Told The Truth”, in soc.retirement (Usenet):
- Why would many Paletinians want to return to a land where they would be "niggered" for the benefit of the Israelis as the present Palestinian population is
参照
- ^ Kristy Beers Fägersten (2007), “A sociolinguistic analysis of swear word offensiveness”, in Saarland Working Papers in Linguistics (SWPL)[1], Högskolan Dalarna (Dalarna University), Sweden, pages 14-37
- ^ What Not to Swear: The Acceptability of Words in Broadcasting
- ^ What Not to Swear: The Acceptability of Words in Broadcasting, 2013
- ^ "Delete expletives?"
- ^ Rachel Higson (September 28, 2017), “Considering the N-Word: To Reject or Reclaim?”, in The Prindle Post[2], DePauw, Indiana: The Janet Prindle Institute for Ethics at DePauw University, archived from the original on 2020-11-26
- ^ Stereotypes of African Americans on Wikipedia.
- ^ Stanley, Oma (1937), “I. Vowel Sounds in Stressed Syllables”, in The Speech of East Texas (米国用法 Speech: Reprints かつ Monographs; 2), New York: Columbia University Press, , →ISBN, § 1, page 7.
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