claimとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English claimen, borrowed from Old French clamer (“to call, name, send for”), from Latin clāmō, clāmāre (“to call, cry out”), from Proto-Italic *klāmāō, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”), which is imitative.

See also Lithuanian kalba (“language”), 古期英語 hlōwan (“to low, make a noise like a cow”), Old High German halan (“to call”), Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō, “to call, convoke”), κλέδον (klédon, “report, fame”), κέλαδος (kélados, “noise”), Middle Irish cailech (“cock”), Latin calō (“to call out, announce solemnly”), Sanskrit उषःकल (uṣaḥkala, “cock”, literally “dawn-calling”). Cognate with Spanish llamar and clamar.

発音

• IPA^(key): /kleɪm/
• 韻: -eɪm

名詞

claim (複数形 claims)

1. A demand of ownership made for something.

   a claim of ownership

   a claim of victory

2. The thing claimed.
3. The right or ground of demanding.

   You don't have any claim on my time, since I'm no longer your employee.

4. A new statement of something one believes to be the truth, usually when the statement has yet to be verified or without valid evidence provided.

   The company's share price dropped amid claims of accounting fraud.

   • 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:

     The thing is, we've even had formal confirmation from Government itself that the crucial research required to make such sweeping claims hasn't been done!

5. A demand of ownership for previously unowned land.

   Miners had to stake their claims during the gold rush.

6. (law) A legal demand for compensation or damages.

使用する際の注意点

• Demand ownership of land not previously owned. One usually stakes a claim.
• The legal sense. One usually makes a claim. See Appendix:Collocations of do, have, make, and take

派生語

Collocations

派生した語

• → Afrikaans: kleim
• → Dutch: claimen
• → Indonesian: klaim

動詞

claim (三人称単数 現在形 claims, 現在分詞 claiming, 過去形および過去分詞形 claimed)

1. To demand ownership of.
   • 1996 March 15, Leyla Linton, “London students sing their defiance”, in The Times‎^[1], number 65,528, →ISSN, →OCLC, Overseas News, page 14, columns 1, 2:

     Jeffrey Chuang, an economics student at University College London, said: "I am for independence. I do not think China has any right to claim Taiwan. We have confidence in our country and we know that China is not capable of doing anything to us."

2. To state a new fact, typically without providing evidence to prove it is true.
3. To demand ownership or right to use for land.
4. (law) To demand compensation or damages through the courts.
5. (intransitive) To be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to have a claim.
   • 1689 December (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 1, in Two Treatises of Government: […], London: […] Awnsham Churchill, […], →OCLC:

     We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one claims, came by his authority, upon what ground any one has empire

6. To cause the loss of.

   The attacks claimed the lives of five people.

   A fire claimed two homes.

7. To win as a prize in a sport or competition.

   He claimed $100 after winning the top spot.

8. (obsolete) To proclaim.
9. (archaic) To call or name.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     Nor all, that else through all the world is named […] / Might like to this be clamed.

派生語

関連する語

• claimable
• claimant
• claimer
• disclaim
• disclaimer

Further reading

• “claim”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “claim”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• malic