wouldとは 意味・読み方・使い方
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意味・対訳 …であろう、…しよう、(どうしても)…しようとした、常習的に…する、いつも…する、…したものだった、よく…した、…だったろう、…する能力があった、…することができた
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「あることに向かう意志[傾向]があるだろう[あった]ということ」を示す wouldは過去の事柄についてのⅠ直説法過去と,時間的には必ずしも過去の事柄を表さず,概して現在に属するⅡ仮定法の表現に分かれる |
wouldの |
wouldの学習レベル | レベル:1英検:3級以上の単語学校レベル:中学以上の水準TOEIC® L&Rスコア:220点以上の単語 |
研究社 新英和中辞典での「would」の意味 |
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would
I asked if he'd come and see me immediately. 私は彼にすぐ会いにきてくれるかと尋ねた 《★【変換】 直接話法では I said, “Will you come and see me immediately?"》. |
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/wˈʊd/
I wouldn't have thought he'd do a thing like that. 彼がまさかそんなことをする[しよう]とは思ってもみなかった. |
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Eゲイト英和辞典での「would」の意味 |
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would
コア「あることに向かう意志[傾向]があるだろう[あった]ということ」を示すwouldは過去の事柄についてのⅠ直説法過去と,時間的には必ずしも過去の事柄を表さず,概して現在に属するⅡ仮定法の表現に分かれる
├…するでしょう▷1
├…するつもりだ▷2a
├(どうしても)…しようとした▷3
└…したものだった▷4
Ⅱ仮定法・遠回し表現
├〔願望〕…してくれると▷5
├〔仮定法帰結節〕…(だった)だろう
├▷6
├〔意志〕…するつもりがある▷7
├〔提示・婉曲〕…じゃないでしょうか
├▷8a
├〔非難〕…しようとする▷9
└〔推量〕…だろう▷10
Ⅰ直説法過去(過去の意志・推量)
1〔過去における未来への推量(時制の一致)〕…するでしょう,…する(予定だ)(通例間接話法・従属節で用いて,訳はwillと同じ)
2〔過去における意志(時制の一致)〕(通例間接話法・従属節で用いて,訳はwillと同じ)a…するつもりだ,…しましょう
b((“ill you do ...?”の間接話法で))…してくれませんか,しませんか
3〔過去における主語の強い意志〕(どうしても)…しようとした
4〔過去の習慣〕((肯定文))…したものだった(ときにoften, alwaysなどを伴う.行為に向かう意志を抱いていたというのが本来の意味であるため,意志の働きを必要としない状態動詞と共には使わない)
Ⅱ仮定法・遠回し表現
5〔願望〕((条件節内あるいはI wishの後で))…してくれると
6〔仮定法帰結節〕((条件節を伴って))(もし…なら)…だろう;《would have done》(もし…だったら)…だっただろう
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7〔遠回しの意志〕(ある条件・仮定のもとで)…するつもりがある
8〔遠回しの主観の提示・婉曲〕((おもに米口))(((英))should)a((一人称主語でsay, think, imagineなどの動詞とともに))(あえて言うなら)…じゃないでしょうか,…ではないかと思いますが
b((like, love, hateなど好悪の感情を示す動詞と共に))(できれば)…を望む
9〔(現在の)習慣への遠回しの非難〕(いつも)…しようとする(のはいいかげんにしてほしい)
10〔遠回しの推量〕…だろう
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成句would like ...
⇒like~1動詞他動詞
2
成句would rather ...
⇒rather成句
成句Would you do?
①〔丁寧な勧誘〕…しませんか
ネットワーク過去の習慣を表すwouldとused to ①wouldの本来的な意味には「意志」が含まれるため,意志の働きが必要とされない状態動詞と共には使わない.一方,used toは動作動詞でも状態動詞でも使うことができる/There used to [×would] be a store across the street.かつては道の向こうに店があった ②wouldの意味の中心は「意志」にあり,その行為自体が常時行われていたことを示すとは限らない.一方,used toは「現在とは異なりかつては」という含意とともに過去の習慣・状態を表す.従って,wouldはsometimes, oftenなどの不規則性を表す頻度の副詞を伴うことがあるが,used toが伴う頻度の副詞は規則[周期]的なものに限られる/As a child she would sometimes play with us.子供のころ彼女は時々私たちと遊んだものだった/She used to play with us once a week.彼女は(今とは違って)かつては,週に一度私たちと遊んだ ③wouldは仮定法の用法と混同しやすいため,「過去の習慣」で使うには,過去の事柄だと分かる文脈(過去の副詞的表現があるなど)が必要.一方,used toは単独で過去の表現であることが自明であるため過去を明示する副詞的表現は不要/When he was young, he would smoke a lot.若いころ彼はたくさんタバコを吸ったものだ/He used to smoke a lot.彼は(今とは違って)以前はたくさんタバコを吸ったものだ |
語法 勧誘を受け入れる場合には,Sure./Great./With pleasure./Why not?などが用いられる.勧誘を断る場合には,I'm sorry, I can't./I'm afraid I can't./I'd like [love] to, but .../I wish I could, but ...などが用いられる |
語法 依頼を受け入れる場合には,Sure./Certainly./(Yes,) I will./Why not?などが用いられる.依頼を断る場合は,I'm sorry, I can't./I'm afraid I can't./I wish I could, but ...などが用いられる |
Wiktionary英語版での「would」の意味 |
would
語源
From 古期英語 wolde, past tense of willan.
発音
動詞
would
- Past tense of will; usually followed by a bare infinitive.
- Used to form the "anterior future", or "future in the past", indicating a futurity relative to a past time. [from 9th c.]
- 1867, Anthony Trollope, Last Chronicle of Barset, Ch.28:
- 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0056:
- Thanks to that penny he had just spent so recklessly [on a newspaper] he would pass a happy hour, taken, for once, out of his anxious, despondent, miserable self. It irritated him shrewdly to know that these moments of respite from carking care would not be shared with his poor wife, with careworn, troubled Ellen.
- Used to; was or were habitually accustomed to; indicating an action in the past that happened repeatedly or commonly. [from 9th c.]
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 46:
- No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or otherwise his man would be there with a message to say that his master would shortly join me if I would kindly wait.
- 2009, "Soundtrack of my life", The Guardian, 15 March:
- Was or were determined to; indicating someone's insistence upon doing something. [from 18th c.]
- Could naturally have been expected to (given the tendencies of someone's character etc.). [from 18th c.]
- (archaic) Wanted to. [from 9th c.]
- 1852, James Murdock, trans. Johann Lorenz Mosheim, Institutes of Ecclesiastical History, II.7.iii:
- The Greeks, especially those who would be thought adepts in mystic theology, ran after fantastic allegories […].
- (archaic) Used with ellipsis of the infinitive verb, or postponement to a relative clause, in various senses. [from 9th c.]
- 1694, John Strype, Memorials of The Most Reverend Father in God, Thomas Cranmer, Appendix page 68 [1]
- 1724, Daniel Defoe, Roxana, Penguin p.107:
- 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
- (obsolete) Wished, desired (something). [9th–19th c.]
- Used to form the "anterior future", or "future in the past", indicating a futurity relative to a past time. [from 9th c.]
- A modal verb, the subjunctive of will; usually followed by a bare infinitive.
- Used as the auxiliary of the simple conditional modality, indicating a state or action that is conditional on another. [from 9th c.]
- 1846, "A New Sentimental Journey", Blackwoods Magazine, vol.LX, no.372:
- If I could fly, I would away to those realms of light and warmth – far, far away in the southern clime […].
- 2010, The Guardian, 26 February:
- Without explicit condition, or with loose or vague implied condition, indicating a hypothetical or imagined state or action.
- Suggesting conditionality or potentiality in order to express a sense of politeness, tentativeness, indirectness, hesitancy, uncertainty, etc. [from 9th c.]
- Used to express what the speaker would do in another person's situation, as a means of giving a suggestion or recommendation.
- It's disgraceful the way that they've treated you. I would write and complain.
- Used to express the speaker's belief or assumption.
- Used interrogatively to express a polite request; are (you) willing to …? [from 15th c.]
- (chiefly archaic) Might wish (+ verb in past subjunctive); often used in the first person (with または without that) in the sense of "if only". [from 13th c.]
- 1912, Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana, translated by F. C. Conybeare (Loeb Classical Library), 8.16:
- (chiefly archaic, transitive or control verb) Might desire; wish (something). [from 15th c.]
- Used as the auxiliary of the simple conditional modality, indicating a state or action that is conditional on another. [from 9th c.]
使用する際の注意点
- As an auxiliary verb, would is followed by the bare infinitive (without to):
- Would is frequently contracted to 'd, especially after a pronoun (as in I'd, you'd, かつ so on).
- The term would-be retains the senses of both desire and potentiality (those of wannabe かつ might-be, respectively).
- Indicating a wish, would takes a clause in the past subjunctive (irrealis) mood; this clause may or may not be introduced with that. Most commonly in modern usage, it is followed by the adverb rather, as in I would rather that he go now. A call to a deity or other higher power is sometimes interposed after would and before the subjunctive clause, as in Would to God that […] ; see the citations page for examples.
- When used, mainly archaically, in the sense of "if only", the first-person subject pronoun is often omitted.
同意語
関連する語
- will - present tense of would
- wouldn't - negative of would
- wouldst - archaic second person singular form of would
- would like
- would've
名詞
- Something that would happen, or would be the case, under different circumstances; a potentiality.
- 2010, Shushona Novos, The Personal Universal: A Guidebook for Spiritual Evolution, page 395:
- Shushona you must learn to rightfully prioritize all the woulds, shoulds and coulds of your life.
ウィキペディア英語版での「would」の意味 |
Would?
出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/05/16 09:52 UTC 版)
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Text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA) and/or GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL). Weblio英和・和英辞典に掲載されている「Wikipedia英語版」の記事は、WikipediaのWould? (改訂履歴)の記事を複製、再配布したものにあたり、Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA)もしくはGNU Free Documentation Licenseというライセンスの下で提供されています。 |
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