front.とは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English front, frunt, frount, from Old French front, frunt, from Latin frōns, frontem (“forehead”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /fɹʌnt/
• 韻: -ʌnt

名詞

front (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 fronts)

2. The foremost side of something or the end that faces the direction it normally moves.
3. The side of a building with the main entrance.
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path […]. It twisted and turned, […] and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights.

4. A field of activity.
   • 2012 January 1, Stephen Ledoux, “Behaviorism at 100”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 60:

     Becoming more aware of the progress that scientists have made on behavioral fronts can reduce the risk that other natural scientists will resort to mystical agential accounts when they exceed the limits of their own disciplinary training.

5. A person or institution acting as the public face of some other, covert group.

   Officially it's a dry-cleaning shop, but everyone knows it's a front for the mafia.

6. (meteorology) The interface or transition zone between two airmasses of different density, often resulting in precipitation. Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates airmasses of different temperature.

   We need to take the clothes off the line. The news reported a front is coming in from the east, and we can expect heavy rain and maybe hail.

7. (military) An area where armies are engaged in conflict, especially the line of contact.
8. (military) The lateral space occupied by an element measured from the extremity of one flank to the extremity of the other flank.
9. (military) The direction of the enemy.
10. (military) When a combat situation does not exist or is not assumed, the direction toward which the command is faced.
11. (historical) A major military subdivision of the Soviet Army.
12. (dated) Cheek; boldness; impudence.
13. (informal) An act, show, façade, persona: an intentional and false impression of oneself.

    He says he likes hip-hop, but I think it's just a front.

    You don't need to put on a front. Just be yourself.

    • c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene vi]:

      with smiling fronts encountering

    • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 13, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

      The inhabitants showed a bold front.

14. (historical) That which covers the foremost part of the head: a front piece of false hair worn by women.
    • 1856, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, “(please specify either |book=1 to 9 または the page)”, in Aurora Leigh, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1857, →OCLC:

      like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears a front

15. The most conspicuous part.
    • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

      the very head and front of my offending

16. The beginning.
    • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 102”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

      summer's front

    • 2012, Kenneth Womack; Todd F. Davis, Reading the Beatles, page 43:

      So the faulty bridge was moved to the front of the song, creating in the process one of the most striking opening moments in Beatles music.

17. (UK) A seafront or coastal promenade.
18. (obsolete) The forehead or brow, the part of the face above the eyes; sometimes, also, the whole face.
    • 1728, [Alexander Pope], “(please specify the page)”, in The Dunciad. An Heroic Poem. […], Dublin; London: […] A. Dodd, →OCLC:

      Bless'd with his father's front, his mother's tongue.

    • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

      Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled front.

    • c. 1700, Matthew Prior, Seeing the Duke of Ormond's Picture at Sir Godfrey Kneller's

      His front yet threatens, and his frowns command.

19. (slang, hotels, dated) The bellhop whose turn it is to answer a client's call, which is often the word "front" used as an exclamation.
20. (slang, in the plural) A grill (jewellery worn on front teeth).
    • 2016, Barry Jenkins, director, Moonlight, spoken by Kevin (André Holland), 1:41:25:

      I'm saying, man, them fronts? That car? Who is you, Chiron?

同意語

• fore

反意語

• back
• rear

下位語

• (The foremost side of something または the end that faces the direction it normally moves): (航海) bow (of a ship)

派生語

関連する語

• affront
• effrontery

派生した語

• Tok Pisin: fran
• → Japanese: フロント (furonto)
• → Korean: 프런트 (peureonteu)

形容詞

front (comparative further front, superlative furthest front)

1. Located at or near the front.

   The front runner was thirty meters ahead of her nearest competitor.

3. (comparable, phonetics) Pronounced with the highest part of the body of the tongue toward the front of the mouth, near the hard palate (most often describing a vowel).

   The English word dress has a front vowel in most dialects.

4. Closest or nearest, of a set of futures contracts which expire at particular times, or of the times they expire; (typically, the front month または front year is the next calender month または year after the current one).

   Synonym: prompt

   Antonym: back

   • 1995, Ignacio Mas; Jesús Saá-Requejo, Using Financial Futures in Trading and Risk Management, World Bank Publications, page 11:

     Contracts are available for every month in the front year but do not extend over a year.

   • 2000, The Handbook of World Stock, Derivative & Commodity Exchanges:

     Contract months : March, June, September and December[.] Minimum price fluctuation : 0.005 Index Point (1/2 basis point) equivalent to USD 12.50 per tick for the front-year Eurodollar futures […]

   • 2003, Larry Harris, Trading and Exchanges: Market Microstructure for Practitioners, OUP USA, →ISBN, page 54:

     The contract that will expire next is called the front contract or front month contract. The other contracts are called the back contracts. In financial and industrial commodities, traders mostly trade only the front month contract.

   • 2010 December 30, Frank J. Fabozzi; Anand K. Bhattacharya; William S. Berliner, Mortgage-Backed Securities: Products, Structuring, and Analytical Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 35:

     Buying the security for the earlier (または “front”) month, and owning (かつ financing) it for the period ending with the latter (または “back” month) settlement date.

   • 2016 August 8, Steve Bell, Quantitative Finance For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 113:

     To a speculator, a front month future is attractive. Refer to Figure 6-1 to see that both the open interest and the trading volume of the front-month contract exceeds that of all the other contracts.

   • 2017 October 17, Emmanuel Jurczenko, Factor Investing: From Traditional to Alternative Risk Premia, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 359:

     An alternative definition would estimate the slope using the front futures contract and the contract expiring 1 year after (these contracts are relatively liquid in the commodity markets).

   • 2021 March 22, Alexander During, Fixed Income Trading and Risk Management: The Complete Guide, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 324:

     When the back contract has a higher PVBP than the front contract, fewer back contracts need to be bought or sold than front contracts are sold or bought. The PVBP-neutral roll ratio is simply the ratio of the front and back contracts […]

   • 2021 June 3, Mogens Steffensen, Risks: Feature Papers 2020, MDPI, →ISBN, page 109:

     This means that in absolute terms, the number of transactions that is triggered by external sources is highest for the front contract of corn.

   • 2021 September 28, Todd E. Petzel, Modern Portfolio Management: Moving Beyond Modern Portfolio Theory, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 471:

     Going long the front futures contract and holding it a month in the example now produces a loss of $1 per barrel as the futures market converges to spot. And as long as the market is in a carry, this loss will happen continuously over […]

同意語

• (located near the front): first, lead, fore

反意語

• (located near the front): back, last, rear
• (phonetics): back

動詞

front (三人称単数 現在形 fronts, 現在分詞 fronting, 過去形および過去分詞形 fronted)

1. (intransitive, dated) To face (on, to); to be pointed in a given direction.
   • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput):

     The great gate fronting to the north was about four feet high, and almost two feet wide, through which I could easily creep.

   • 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 35:

     The door fronted on a narrow run, like a footbridge over a gully, that filled the gap between the house wall and the edge of the bank.

   • 1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam, published 2011, page 312:

     They emerged atop the broad curving steps that fronted on the Street of the Sisters, near the foot of Visenya's Hill.

   • 2010, Ingrid D Rowland, "The Siege of Rome", New York Review of Books, Blog, 26 March:

     The palazzo has always fronted on a bus stop—but this putative man of the people has kindly put an end to that public service.

2. (transitive) To face, be opposite to.
   • 1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter または volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:

     After saluting her, he led her to a couch that fronted us, where they both sat down, and the young Genoese helped her to a glass of wine, with some Naples biscuit on a salver.

   • 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice, volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton […], →OCLC:

     […] down they ran into the dining-room, which fronted the lane, in quest of this wonder; it was two ladies stopping in a low phaeton at the garden gate.

   • 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

     She sat on a seat under the alders in the cricket ground, and fronted the evening.

3. (transitive) To face up to, to meet head-on, to confront.
   • 1594 (first publication), Christopher Marlow[e], The Trovblesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edvvard the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

     Know you not Gaueston hath store of golde,
     Which may in Ireland purchase him such friends,
     As he will front the mightiest of vs all,

   • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, かつ the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     What well-appointed leader fronts us here?

   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 6, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     those that have willed to attaine to some greater excellence, have not beene content, at home, and at rest to expect the rigors of fortune […]; but have rather gone to meet and front her before, and witting-earnestly cast themselves to the triall of the hardest difficulties.

   • 1872, George Eliot, Middlemarch, Part IV, chapter 39:

     But Dagley immediately fronted him, and Fag at his heels growled low […] .

4. (transitive) To adorn with, at the front; to put on the front.
   • 2001, Terry Goodkind, The Pillars of Creation, page 148:

     Three tiers of balconies fronted with roped columns supporting arched openings looked down on the marble hall.

5. (phonetics, transitive, intransitive) To pronounce with the tongue in a front position.
   • 2005, Paul Skandera / Peter Burleigh, A Manual of English Phonetics and Phonology, page 48:

     The velar plosives are often fronted through the influence of a following front vowel, and retracted through the influence of a following back vowel.

7. (linguistics, transitive) To move (a word または clause) to the start of a sentence (または series of adjectives, etc).
   • 2001, Arthur J. Holmer; Jan-Olof Svantesson; Åke Viberg, Proceedings of the 18th Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics:

     […] in the clause, only the adjective may be fronted; but if both a past participle and a verbal particle are present, either may be fronted. Topicalization, in which maximal projections are fronted to express pragmatics such as contrast, emphasis, ...

   • 2010, George Melville Bolling; Bernard Bloch, Language:

     A problem facing any syntactic analysis of hyperbaton is that nonconstituent strings are fronted […] In cases where the adjective is fronted with the determiner, the determiner is not doubled […]

8. (intransitive, slang) To act as a front (for); to cover (for).
   • 2007, Harold Robbins, A Stone for Danny Fisher, page 183:

     Everybody knew Skopas fronted for the fight mob even though he was officially the arena manager.

9. (transitive) To lead or be the spokesperson of (a campaign, organisation etc.).
   • 2009 September 1, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:

     Ray Winstone is fronting a campaign for the Football Association that aims to stop pushy parents shouting abuse at their children during the grassroots football season.

10. (transitive, intransitive) Of an alter in dissociative identity disorder: to be the currently actively presenting member of (a system), in control of the patient's body.
    • 2018, Eric Yarbrough, Transgender Mental Health, page 160:

      Fronting can be understood as a representation of who controls the system, that is, the person to whom you are speaking. Emilia was typically the person fronting her system.

11. (transitive, colloquial) To provide money or financial assistance in advance to.
    • 2004, Danielle Steele, Ransom, page 104:

      I'm prepared to say that I fronted you the money for a business deal with me, and the investment paid off brilliantly.

12. (intransitive, slang) To assume false or disingenuous appearances.

    Synonyms: put on airs, feign

    • 1993 November 19, Bobby Hill, “Mad Real”, in Washington City Paper‎^[1]:

      So when I tell people where I'm from and check their reactions, I know in my heart I'm just frontin’. Because the way and where I lived then pales when compared to the way and where many youths are living today.

    • 1994, Rivers Cuomo (lyrics かつ music), “Buddy Holly”, performed by Weezer:

      What's with these homies dissin' my girl? / Why do they gotta front?

    • 2008, Briscoe/Akinyemi, ‘Womanizer’:

      Boy don't try to front, / I-I know just-just what you are, are-are.

    • 2008, Markus Naerheim, The City, page 531:

      You know damned straight what this is about, or you ain't as smart as you been frontin'.

13. (transitive, slang) To deceive or attempt to deceive someone with false or disingenuous appearances (on).
    • 1992, “So What'cha Want”, performed by The Beastie Boys:

      You think that you can front when revelation comes? / You can't front on that

14. (transitive) To appear before.

    to front court

参考

• front vowel